The origin of Qin opera

Tianshui, with a history of 8,000 years of civilization, is also the birthplace of Shaanxi Opera.

There is a historic site in Tianshui called Mumatan, which is the place where the Qin Dynasty grazed and the palace where the imperial court chose good horses. It is also an ancient book of the ancestors of Qin Shihuang. When the ancestors of the Qin Dynasty moved eastward, they also brought their self-entertaining vocals to Shaanxi. Due to the strength of the Qin dynasty and the richness of life, people's entertainment at that time was just a slap in the face, and there was no fixed momentum of singing and recruiting. With the chariots and horses sent to Tianshui,

With local legends, Qin Mugong liked to listen to folk songs and legends at that time, so he collected a wide range of good songs at that time, but he was not satisfied with it. Later, a horse driver named Yu Xiang from Tianshui brought the rapper with folk tunes and rap stories circulating in Tianshui to Xianyang, the capital at that time. Qin Mugong is very happy and often asks them to rap for him. When Yu Xiang saw that the king liked it, he organized one. Because the imperial court operated smoothly, this immature art also flowed to the people. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin was in a very good mood after seeing the Shaanxi opera originated from Tianshui in Chang 'an. Because my ancestors were also from Tianshui, my father Li Yuan was born in Tianshui. It is said that it was on today's Zaojiao strip slope, which was a paper burning slope at that time. When Li Yuan left his hometown, he burned paper under the slope to worship his ancestors, and then left Tianshui for Shanxi. Today's Tiaozipo is the watershed between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

The stereotyped singing of Shaanxi Opera developed in the Tang Dynasty. With the stability and prosperity of society, people's spiritual needs are getting richer and richer. Chang 'an is also an international city, and the development of Shaanxi Opera is a natural thing. Nowadays, every major celebration and festival in Tianshui, local people have to organize singing conferences. When building a house at home, we should also invite artists from Shaanxi Opera to come home and be quiet.

Shaanxi dialect is based on the pronunciation of Guanzhong dialect, especially in the counties of Jinghe and Weihe River basins. Since the Zhou Dynasty, Guanzhong area has been called Qin, hence the name Qin Opera, which is one of the quite ancient operas. Because jujube bangzi is used as a percussion instrument, it is also called bangzi cavity, and because it makes a fantastic sound when clapping, it is commonly known as bangzi. Li, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in Yu Cun Xi Hua: According to legend, the Qian family has hundreds of books and plays. Beginning in Shaanxi, Qin Yue responded with the clapper as the board, but it was also tight and slow, commonly known as the clapper cavity, which was called random play. The word "strumming" has many meanings in China opera tune. In the past, except for Kunqu Opera and Gaoqiang Opera, other operas were called random play, and Peking Opera was also called random play. Some operas are also named after random bombs, such as Random Bombs in Wenzhou and Random Bombs in Hebei. However, it is still regarded as the general name of Bangzi tune system with Shaanxi opera as the main part.

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Quan's "Taihe Yin Zhengpu" contained: "A good singer in the Yuan Dynasty was the first of 36 people, from Lu Gang and Xianyang. His voice belongs to the palace but is mixed with merchants, such as Feng Xiao, the god tiger, who was a hero at that time. " Actors use Jingyang dialect and trilingual pronunciation as "standards". According to historical records, Shaanxi Opera became popular in Xianyang in the middle of Ming Dynasty. In the fifth year of Emperor Wu Zong's reign (15 10), Kang Hai, a martial artist, set up a troupe to sing "Kang Wang Opera". During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1662— 1722), there were many Shaanxi opera clubs in Xianyang, such as Fu Bao, Jiangle, Huaqing and Shuangcai. During the Qianlong period (1736- 1795), Yan Changming (Jiangsu native), a bachelor of Hanlin Academy, traveled to Shaanxi and was very fond of Shaanxi opera. According to records, there are 36 Qinqiang clubs in Qinyun who have learned English, among which Liquan, Zhouzhi, Weinan and Dali are four schools. The performances of Shaanxi Opera Class Club are not only loved by local people, but also welcomed when they go to Beijing to perform. It is called "unintentional expression" and "speechless and good at expression". At this time, actors Bai Shuanger, Pea Flower and Gold Pendant performed with Jingyang Jinxiu Class in Anshi. 19 12 years, influenced by the Revolution of 1911, Li, Sun, and Gao Peizhi formed Yi Sushe and wrote scripts such as A Word Prison. Taking Yi Sushe as an example, counties in Xianyang have successively established Happy Class (Changwu), Majiaban (Wushu), Qin Guishe (Liquan), Yiminshe (Xianyang), Xiaozhongshe (Ganxian), Xinzhongshe and Zhengmingshe (Sanyuan). 1In the middle of 937, Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee (located in Yunyang Town, Jingyang County) and Guanzhong Working Committee (located in Majiapu, Xunyi County) successively established July Troupe, Guanzhong Troupe and Guan Jing Troupe. He has created and performed a large number of new plays, such as "Da Dang", "Protestant Son" and "Shiliyuan". After the founding of New China, there were 14 professional troupes in Xianyang, which created a large number of new dramas and produced many famous actors, such as Wang Mailan, Shu,,, Zang Jinxiang, etc. And Zhao Gaiqin, Wang Ping, Bai Ping, Feng Wugeng, Wang Yaping and other rising stars. These actors have won prizes in performance competitions in the northwest, provinces and cities. According to the statistics of 1989, there are 3 drama clubs directly under Xianyang City,1/county Shaanxi Opera Troupe, with more than * * * cast members 1 1 00 people. There are more than 30 artists, and there are more than 0/00 performance books and discount plays/kloc.

Shaanxi Opera was formed in Qin Dynasty, refined in Han Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty, completed in Yuan Dynasty, matured in Ming Dynasty and spread in Qing Dynasty. It is a very old drama, and it can be called the originator of China's drama. In the legendary manuscripts of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1573- 1620), there are