Tibetan customs in Tibet

First, eating habits

Ciba, ghee and highland barley wine made from highland barley are the main foods for farmers and herdsmen.

1, Ciba is fried noodles made of highland barley or peas. Ciba is mixed with buttered tea or highland barley wine, and kneaded into balls by hand for eating.

2. Buttered tea is made by pouring the tea leaves of brick tea into a long wooden barrel with a length of 1 m, adding salt and ghee, and impacting it up and down with a long shaft to evenly mix its components. Tibetan compatriots would rather have no meat in March than butter tea in a day.

3. Highland barley wine is a kind of low-alcohol wine brewed from local highland barley, which is deeply loved by men, women and children. Most foods are meat and dairy products, and many people like to eat air-dried beef and mutton.

Second, the custom of marriage and funeral

1. There are five burial methods for Tibetans after death. The most solemn thing is the tower burial. However, only after the death of the dead Dalai Lama was his body placed in a tower in the Potala Palace, and it cost 1.42 million gold to decorate the tower.

Secondly, the living Buddha and some lords enjoy cremation after death.

When a child dies, or someone dies of other diseases, the body is thrown into the river to feed the fish. This is called water burial.

People who did bad things before their death were buried in the soil. Tibetans believe that buried people will never be reincarnated. ?

5. Celestial burial places a fantasy of ascending to heaven. Celestial burial ceremonies are usually held in the early morning. Before dawn, the family of the deceased will send the body to the celestial burial platform in the northern suburb of Lhasa. The sun rose slowly and the celestial burial ceremony began. Generally, unauthorized people are not welcome to watch.

Third, the characteristics of clothing.

1. The costumes of Tibetan men and women are intact. Different areas have different clothes. It is characterized by long sleeves, wide waist and big chest. Women wear long-sleeved robes in winter and sleeveless robes in summer, with shirts of various colors and patterns inside and an apron with colorful patterns in front of their waist. Tibetan compatriots especially like Hada and regard it as the most precious gift. Hada is a snow-white fabric, generally about 20 to 30 centimeters wide and about 1 to 2 meters long. It is made of yarn or silk. Whenever there are festive events, or guests coming from afar, or visiting elders, or traveling far away, Hada should be presented as a sign of respect.

2. Tibetans are widely distributed in Tibet, Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan and other places, with colorful costumes and bold men's clothes; Women's dress is elegant and chic, especially jewelry and jade as accessories, which forms the unique style of plateau women.

3. Tibetan robe is the main clothing style of Tibetans, and there are many kinds. From the clothing texture, it can be divided into brocade, leather and plain cloth. The decorative patterns of Tibetan robes are very particular. In the past, monks and officials had different grades and strictly distinguished decorative patterns. Tibetan robes are very long, generally longer than the height. When you wear it, you should lift the lower part upwards, and the hem is thirty or forty centimeters high from the foot surface, and tie a belt. Tibetan robes can be divided into fur robes in pastoral areas, colored sleeve robes and embroidered robes in agricultural areas. Styles can be divided into long-sleeved fur robe, wide-shouldered sleeveless women's robe and embroidered robe. Shirts are divided into men's and women's high-necked shirts and women's lapel shirts. The sleeves of women's shirts are about 40 cm longer than other sleeves. Put down your sleeves when you dance, and your sleeves are flying in the air, which is very beautiful.

4. Bangdian apron is a unique Tibetan costume and an essential ornament for married women. The state code is either rich and colorful, or elegant and quiet.

Tibetan hats have many styles and different textures. There are ten or twenty kinds of golden flower hats, kicking hats and so on. Tibetan boots are one of the important features of Tibetan costumes. The common ones are "Songbalamu" flower boots with cotton leather soles.

6. Headdress accessories play an important role in Tibetan costumes, and vest is the most distinctive accessory, most of which are related to ancient interest-bearing production. The exquisite headdress is also inlaid with gold and silver jewelry. The headdress is made of copper, silver, gold carvings and jade, coral, pearls and other treasures. Tibetan compatriots especially like Hada and regard it as the most precious gift. Hada is a snow-white fabric, generally about 20 to 30 centimeters wide and about 1 to 2 meters long. It is made of yarn or silk. Whenever there are festive events, or guests coming from afar, or visiting elders, or traveling far away, Hada should be presented as a sign of respect.

Fourth, national taboos.

1. When receiving guests, whether walking or talking, always put the guests or elders first, and use honorifics, such as adding the word "la" after the name to show respect and kindness, and avoid calling them by their first names.

2. When welcoming guests, bend your knees and bow with a smile, sit indoors and cross-legged, don't straighten your legs, face people with your feet, and don't look around. When accepting gifts, you should pick them up with both hands.

3. When giving gifts, bow your head and raise your hands above your head. When offering tea, toast and cigarettes, offer them with both hands and don't put your fingers into the bowl. Tibetans are absolutely forbidden to eat donkey meat, horse meat and dog meat, and some areas do not eat fish.

4. When toasting, guests must first dip their ring finger in a little wine bomb and shoot it into the air three times to show their worship for heaven, earth and ancestors. Then he will take a sip gently, and the owner will fill it up in time, and then take another sip and fill it up again. When he fills it for the fourth time, he must drink it all at once. When eating, he must not eat full, but bite silently and drink loudly. ?

5. When drinking butter tea, the host pours the tea, and the guest can only take it if the host holds it in front of him. No spitting and clapping on others' backs. When you meet religious facilities such as monasteries, manidui and stupas on the road, you must go around from left to right. Do not cross the vessel, brazier or prayer wheel, and do not turn it upside down. Don't touch the top of your head with your hands.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) national etiquette

1. When greeting guests, Tibetans should not only dip their hands in wine three times, but also grab some highland barley in the grain barrel and throw it into the air three times.

At the banquet, the host takes a sip first, and then drinks it all at once. After the host finishes the first glass of wine, everyone can drink at will.

When drinking tea, the guest must wait for the host to bring the tea to him before reaching for it, otherwise it will be considered impolite.

4. When eating, pay attention to eating, chewing, drinking and picking food. When entertaining guests with mutton, a piece of meat with a tail at the lower part of the sheep's spine is the most expensive, so it should be given to the most respected guests. When making, leave a lock of white hair on the tail meat to show good luck.

Offering Hada is the highest etiquette for Tibetan guests, expressing warm welcome and sincere respect to the guests. Hada is Tibetan, that is, scarf or silk scarf. Mainly white, but also light blue or light yellow, generally about 1.5 meters to 2 meters long and about 20 centimeters wide. The best is the colorful Hada in blue, yellow, white, green and red. Multicolored hada is used for the highest and most solemn ceremonies, such as Buddhism.

Sixth, national festivals.

1, Zhuanshui Tibetan traditional festival, also known as Mufo Festival, is a sacrifice to mountain gods. Popular in Ganzi and Aba Tibetan areas. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, Shui Ye, Kowloon bathes it, so it is also called Mufo Festival. On this day every year, people from far and near in Ganzi Tibetan areas wear national costumes and gather on Happy Valley Mountain and Zheduo River. People first go to the temple to burn incense and pray, and burn paper money. Then turn to the mountain to worship the gods and pray for their blessing. After climbing the mountain, we set up a tent for a picnic and watched Tibetan opera. Singing folk songs, dancing pot and string dances, and riders also have horse racing and archery competitions. During this period, people will also hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.

2. Flower-picking Festival is a traditional festival for Tibetans in Apollo, Nanping County. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year for two days. Legend has it that long ago, Apollo was a remote valley. People gather and hunt for a living, and make clothes out of leaves and skins. One day, a girl named Lian Zhi came from far away. She is beautiful, kind and intelligent. She taught the local people to farm, weave, sew clothes, and collect lilies to treat others. One year, on the fifth day of May, Lianzhi went up the mountain to collect flowers and was swept down the cliff by the nickel wind and died. People are very sad, so they go up the mountain to pick flowers on this day to commemorate her. Over time, the flower picking festival was formed.

Tibetan New Year is the most important festival for Tibetan people. They should put on costumes to pay New Year greetings to each other and go to the temple to worship and pray. On the fifteenth day of the first month, the major monasteries held ceremonies, and in the evening, the temples lit butter lamps. In Ta 'er Temple in Qinghai and Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, the butter sculptures made by lamas with butter are famous for their bright colors and exquisite sculptures. On April 15, it is said that religious activities were held in various places to commemorate the day when Sakyamuni became a Buddha and Princess Wencheng entered Tibet. In July, a bumper harvest of grain is in sight, and farmers are walking around the fields with scrolls. This is called Guowang Festival, wishing a bumper harvest that year.