How many kinds of New Year pictures are there in China?

Folk New Year pictures and door gods, commonly known as "happy pictures", were very popular in the old society. People posted New Year pictures indoors and door gods at home to wish a happy New Year and drive away evil spirits. New Year pictures are one of the most popular works of art in China. At the end of each year, most places have the custom of posting New Year pictures, door gods and couplets to increase the festive atmosphere of the festival. New Year pictures are called "New Year pictures" because they can be replaced or posted within one year and can be enjoyed for one year. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China. Like Spring Festival couplets, they originated from "door gods". According to Shan Hai Jing, when Li Shimin was ill, he often heard amityville horror's voice in his dreams and couldn't sleep at night. At this time, generals Qin and Weichi Gong volunteered to stand on both sides of the gate. As a result, the palace is safe. Li Shimin felt guilty that the two generals had worked too hard, so he ordered the painter to paint their mighty images on the door of the palace, which is the so-called "door god". According to Cai Yong's Random Thoughts in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were statues of Shen Tu and Lei Yu stuck on the door in the Han Dynasty, which evolved into woodcut New Year pictures in the Song Dynasty. Later, people rushed to follow suit, and after several evolutions, they formed their own unique style, that is, the current New Year pictures. The earliest existing New Year picture in China is the Song version of Meitu of the Sui Dynasty. Folk New Year pictures are a major category of folk art in China. From the early nature, worship and belief in gods, they gradually developed into festival activities to exorcise evil spirits, pray for disaster relief, celebrate happiness and decorate and beautify the environment, expressing people's thoughts and feelings and yearning for a better life. Folk New Year pictures have a long history, many producing areas, are very popular and popular, have a large number of readers and have had a very prosperous development. No matter the theme, carving technique or artistic style, it has its own distinctive characteristics. It not only has a far-reaching influence on other categories of folk art, but also blends with other paintings to become a mature painting with the characteristics of appealing to both refined and popular tastes. Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin, Weifang in Shandong and Mianzhu in Sichuan are the four birthplaces of folk woodblock New Year pictures in China. Woodblock New Year pictures in Mianzhu, Sichuan, Taohuawu, Jiangsu, Yangliuqing, Tianjin and Yangjiabu, Weifang, Shandong have a long history and are known as the "Four Great New Year Pictures" in China. Suzhou Taohuawu New Year Pictures began in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty. Taohuawu New Year pictures mainly include door paintings, traditional Chinese paintings and screen strips, among which door paintings can be described as the complete works of door gods in past dynasties. Taohuawu New Year pictures are printed by block printing, with one version and one color. Exquisite craftsmanship. A painting has to be overprinted four or five times to a dozen times, and some of them have to go through the processes of "painting gold", "sweeping silver" and "dusting". In terms of color, there are pink, red, blue, purple, green, light ink, lemon yellow and other colors. In terms of artistic style, Taohuawu New Year pictures are rich in composition, colorful, decorative and full of rich life flavor. It has simple, naive, concise and rich folk art characteristics in characterization, knife cutting and color setting, so it has been sold well at home and abroad for hundreds of years and has been collected by museums and art galleries in many European countries. & gt& gt Tianjin Yangliuqing New Year Pictures began in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty and were popular in the Yongzheng, Qianlong and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty. New Year pictures are mainly traditional operas, beautiful women and fat dolls. In terms of artistic style, Yangliuqing New Year pictures are full of composition, neat lines and bright colors, and most of them are stained with gold in important parts such as the head and face of the characters, which is unique. & gt& gt Yangjiabu New Year pictures in Weifang, Shandong Province have a history of more than 500 years, which flourished in the Qing Dynasty and became popular in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Its style reuses primary colors, with rich imagination, rough lines and strong contrast. The Mianzhu New Year Pictures in Sichuan are famous for their exquisite carving art and high artistic taste. Its forms are diverse, such as door painting, fighting array, painting bar and so on. The shape is concise and lively, pleasing to the eye. & gt& gt

The woodblock New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town have a long history and are a pearl in the treasure house of China folk art. In the Northern Song Dynasty, during the New Year holiday in China, especially during the Spring Festival, every household should stick a door-keeper to pray for a prosperous life, good luck, lucky money and ward off evil spirits. Later, the Northern Song Dynasty declined and perished. After several wars, the woodblock New Year pictures declined. In the Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng New Year pictures were revived, but gradually moved to Zhuxian Town. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the flood flooded Kaifeng and everything was deserted. Zhuxian Town became the center of woodblock New Year pictures. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more than 300 woodblock New Year pictures workshops in Zhuxian Town, and their works sold well all over the country, so the New Year pictures in Kaifeng area were collectively called "Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures", which had far-reaching influence. Zhuxian Town is 10 km south of Kaifeng City, Henan Province. Although it is a small town, it was listed as one of the four ancient towns in China in ancient times. Especially at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei led an army here to defeat the nomads from Wu Shu, and Zhuxian Town is more known to the Chinese people. In order to commemorate the achievements of Yue Jiajun, Zhuxian Town built a large Yue throne, and now Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures Society is located in this ancient temple. The woodcut New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town have five characteristics: first, the lines are rough and the thickness is alternating; Second, the image is exaggerated, with a big head and a small body; Third, the composition is full and symmetrical; Fourth, bright colors and strong contrast; Fifth, the door gods are many codes, serious and dignified. New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town can be divided into two categories, one is pictures of gods, such as the kitchen god, the god of heaven and earth, and the other is the door god. There are the most door gods in Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year pictures, and Qin Qiong and Wei Chijingde are the main door gods. In those paintings of door gods, big and small, the two military commanders are dressed differently or in different shapes: taking off the whip, riding a horse, returning the whip, holding the whip, erecting a knife, wearing a robe and so on. No less than 20 styles. In addition, there are various civil and military door gods. Scholar Wuzi, Nine Lotus Lantern, Fu Lushou. Wumen God is often a loyal minister, a righteous man and a variety of heroes in traditional Chinese opera. Door gods with different contents are often posted on different people's doors: "God gives a son", "Give birth to your son" and "Three mothers teach a son" are posted on the doors of married children; Middle-aged people put "increase official positions" and "step by step promotion" on the door; Stick "Songhe Yannian" and "Shouxing" on the old man's door; The children's bedroom door is plastered with "Wuzi wins the championship" and "Liu Hai hits the golden toad". China Woodblock New Year Pictures will be jointly declared as the world intangible cultural heritage Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures, which not only has high artistic collection value, but also has great ornamental value. Many celebrities have collected the woodcut New Year pictures of Zhuxian Town, and Mr. Lu Xun gave a high evaluation: "The woodcut New Year pictures of Zhuxian Town are very good, with thick and powerful lines, which are different from other places, not finely carved. These woodcuts are simple, with no makeup and no coquettish characters. The color is very strong, it has a local flavor, and it has the unique characteristics of the northern woodcut New Year pictures. " This well summarizes the artistic characteristics of Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year pictures. At present, the Shanghai Lu Xun Memorial Hall also houses 26 New Year pictures of Zhuxian Town collected by Lu Xun. Woodblock New Year pictures posted in front of Taizengke's home in Xiaonan Village, Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province. Taizengke, who has been engaged in the production of woodblock New Year pictures, has now given up this craft. Fengxiang woodblock New Year pictures have been loved by people in northwest China for many years, but in recent years, woodblock New Year pictures have been impacted by offset printing New Year pictures, and the market is extremely depressed. At present, only Tai Liping and Wang Huifang are engaged in printmaking in Fengxiang County, and there are no descendants so far, so the printmaking skills are facing loss. Wuqiang New Year pictures are named after their origins in Wuqiang, Hebei. It is a folk local art developed under the influence of primitive farming methods, Buddhist ideas, traditional concepts and ancient national habits. Wuqiang New Year pictures originated before the Yuan Dynasty and took shape in the early Ming Dynasty, reaching its peak in the period from Kangxi to Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1662- 1820). Until the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were still 144 painting shops in Nanguan, Wuqiang County, and 1587 folk workshops in 68 surrounding villages were engaged in the production and sales of paintings, with thousands of employees. There were more than 180 wholesale villages in other places, and the highest annual sales reached 1 100 million pairs, which were sold in most areas of China at that time. With the strong support of the state, Wuqiang New Year pictures industry has made great progress and established Wuqiang New Year pictures Society. 1985, with the approval of the cultural relics department of Hebei province, Wuqiang New Year Pictures Museum, the first special museum of New Year Pictures in China, was established in this prestigious "hometown of woodblock New Year Pictures in China". 1992 and 1994 held two sessions of "China Wuqiang New Year Painting Art Festival". 19931February, the Ministry of Culture officially named Wuqiang as the "Hometown of Folk Woodblock New Year Pictures" in China.

Wuqiang New Year pictures have bright colors, full composition, rough lines and exaggerated images. There are door paintings, window paintings, lamp paintings, bucket paintings, tribute paintings, nave paintings, kang paintings, ceiling paintings, hoard paintings, couplets and banners. Even the cowshed and stables have specially posted New Year pictures. Tianjin Dongfeng Woodblock New Year Pictures had a glorious history and enjoyed a high reputation as Tianjin West Yangliuqing New Year Pictures. However, due to the lack of attention, pictures, finished products and other physical objects have disappeared, and it is not easy to see now. Fengtai Town, Tianjin is located at the junction of Ninghe, Baodi, Feng Run and Yutian, with convenient transportation and numerous merchants, and is known as the "first town in JD.COM". COM”。 In order to be separated from Fengtai District in Beijing, it is called East Fengtai. Dongfengtai New Year pictures have a long history, which can be traced back to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and there has been a prosperous scene of "painting by every family". At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were more than 10 famous painting shops and 13 large paper dyeing workshops in this town, which was one of the largest distribution centers for New Year pictures in eastern Hebei. Although the East Fengtai New Year Pictures inherited the characteristics of Yangliuqing New Year Pictures, they were also influenced by the folk customs in Northeast China and East Hebei, and formed their own style. Comparatively speaking, the use of color is more vivid and the picture is more rough and exaggerated. In addition, the layout is also unique, and some boldly use auspicious words, even occupying the main body of the picture; Some pictures are in window format, 10, and more than one plate is spliced and overprinted, which is seamless; Others reproduce the plot of the play, and the picture can be framed as 16. On the occasion of the Spring Festival in 2004, Tianjin folk literature and history workers came across a batch of Dongfengtai woodblock New Year pictures nearly a hundred years ago in the descendants' home of an old workshop in Fengtai Town, Ninghe, Tianjin. These old-age paintings with strong visual impact have a wide range of contents, including God bless the people, door gods, nine phoenix rising sun, beautiful pictures, teenagers who send money and so on. Foshan New Year pictures are mainly door paintings, with strong and extensive lines, mainly red, orange, yellow and green colors, and full of southern customs.