Inheritance and development of manufacturing technology of watertight compartment blessing boat

The ancient ship model originated from Huang's shipbuilding family.

The production culture of ancient ship models in Quangang mainly originated from Fengwei Town. Historically, Fengwei Town is a land island port integrating marine fishing, dock shipping and maritime trade, and it is one of the four major fishing towns in southern Fujian.

During the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, since Huang moved to Quangang District, shipbuilding technology has been passed down from generation to generation. According to the genealogy of Huang surname in Guifeng, there were many people of Huang surname who studied shipbuilding technology in Fengwei in Ming Dynasty, and as many as 99 people carried axes. Ming and Qing Dynasties successively participated in Zheng He's "treasure ship" to the Western Seas and the manufacture of warships from Zheng Chenggong and Shi Lang to Taiwan.

"The ancient ships were mainly fishing boats and merchant ships, and the ancient ship models were scaled down and carefully carved according to the original specifications of the ships," said Liu Zongshun, the inheritor of the ancient ship models.

According to Huang's traditional shipbuilding technology, the material selection of the ancient ship model is very fine, and the equipment on board is antique, which has unique and outstanding local cultural characteristics. Ship models such as Black Boat Five Boys, Zheng He's Treasure Ship and Zheng Chenggong's Warship are representative works of ancient ship models of Fengwei.

Skills are developed and passed down because of interest.

74-year-old Liu Zongshun started making ancient ship models around 1992 because of his interest, and it has been more than 20 years since then. "From the inside out, kung fu is good, to judge the quality of the work," he said. There are many ship model making processes. At that time, five or six people worked together, each doing a part, and finally merged into one. It was difficult to do it at first because the technology was not in place. After a while, I began to get familiar with it.

Liu Zubo, the boss of Quangang Dafu Ancient Ship Model Company, also introduced that it was originally a small workshop for making ancient ship models. Later, he felt that it could drive the economy and set up a company to make ancient ship models in the form of a studio.

Fortune Boat is one of the ship models made by craftsmen. It is different from three ship types: bird ship, sand ship and Guangzhou ship by its unique skills such as sharp bottom structure, small square head, fat and square wide tail, seven-star moon-accompanying "life-saving hole", watertight compartment device, nailing and tung oil ash seam, and "zodiac sign".

Liu Zongshun introduced that during the development period, ancient ship models grew from small to large, and some were more than two meters long. At that time, it was exported to all parts of the country and Southeast Asia. The smallest ship model in the 1990s was only seven or eight dollars. The lucky boat displayed on the spot can also be bought for hundreds of dollars. The value of ancient ship model is determined by its size, material and technology, and the price has not changed much.

"Let young people know that our older generation made such wooden boats," Liu Zongshun said. With the development of science and technology, wooden boats are gradually replaced, and making ancient boat models is also to inherit a skill. Because there are many procedures and little patience, few people do it. There are some young people who are interested in this, who are studying specially and will pass it on. They also hope that shipbuilding culture will enter the university classroom.

Liu Zongshun revealed that in September, the Dafu ancient ship model will be exhibited in South Korea.

As one of the oldest handcraft techniques inherited in shen hu zhen, the manufacturing technology of watertight compartments was announced by the State Council in 2008 as the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list; In February 2009, the Ministry of Culture included the project in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Protection declared by China to UNESCO on 20 10, and formally submitted the application materials to UNESCO in August of the same year; 20 10165438+1October 15, at the fifth meeting of UNESCO's Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the "Manufacturing Techniques of Watertight Fortress in China" was reviewed and adopted, and it was published as the "2010"

Shen hu zhen national intangible cultural heritage project representative inheritor 1 person, Quanzhou municipal intangible cultural heritage project representative inheritor 3 people. However, with the rapid development of offshore fishing, the price of large-scale timber is high and scarce, which leads to the shrinking of the wooden boat manufacturing market and the unsustainable livelihood of traditional shipbuilders. It has become an indisputable fact that armored ships replace wooden sailboats.

According to the introduction of shipbuilders engaged in watertight bulkhead manufacturing technology, the modern shipbuilding industry is becoming more and more standardized, requiring ship designers to design with certificates, which has become a difficult threshold for traditional shipbuilders to cross, leading to the change of traditional shipbuilders. In addition, it takes a long time to learn traditional shipbuilding skills, and the current situation that the hardship of the traditional shipbuilding industry is not directly proportional to the income makes young people flinch from learning and engaging in the traditional shipbuilding industry. It can be said that this skill is facing the dilemma of fault and no successor.

In view of the present situation that the application space of watertight compartment manufacturing technology is sharply reduced and the people's cultural identity is rapidly declining, shen hu zhen, Jinjiang, as one of the important inheritance places of this project, has adopted a series of ways to inherit this technology, such as entrusting the inheritor to make ship models to improve the inheritor's economic income; Co-organize training courses with Fufang Manufacturing Technology Training College of Watertight Cabin to train enthusiasts of traditional shipbuilding technology; Support inheritors to participate in the discussion of related projects and broaden their development ideas; Allocate special funds to purchase inheritance equipment and support inheritors to carry out inheritance work; Print commemorative stamp album "Watertight Cabin" to create personalized publicity business cards.

It is reported that in the future, Jinjiang will actively explore various means to improve people's awareness of watertight bulkhead manufacturing technology, enhance local people's cultural identity, and mobilize the whole people to carry forward and inherit this ancient culture.