Wood tenon connection history

What are the connection forms of wooden tenons? They can be divided into the following categories:

1. According to tenon and its own angle, it can be divided into straight tenon, oblique tenon and dovetail joint.

2. According to the integrity of tenon and square wood itself, it can be divided into short tenon and round tenon.

3. According to whether the top surface of the tenon groove is open or not, it can be divided into open tenon, closed tenon and semi-closed tenon.

4. According to whether tenon is worn or not, it can be divided into tenon opening and tenon pressing.

5. According to the number of tenons, it can be divided into single tenon, double tenon and multiple tenons.

The above five divisions can be freely combined in application, such as the half-cover dovetail three-tenon connection used at the big corner of the window drawer. The combination of these five forms can change thousands of tenon connection forms. I won't list them one by one, ok!

Why wood is connected with tenons and mortises instead of nails is the soul of traditional furniture technology in China, especially mahogany furniture.

Mortise and tenon, the protruding part is called "tenon" and the recessed part is called "tenon", which is used to realize the connection.

The tenon-mortise structure has a long history. As early as the Neolithic Age in Hemudu more than 7,000 years ago, our ancestors began to use tenons and mortises. Nail is a luxury restricted by ore mining and metal smelting technology, and tenon and mortise technology is widely used and handed down from generation to generation because of its high precision, high strength and low cost.

Compared with nail connection, tenon-mortise structure has the following advantages:

1, which is more durable and can withstand the torsion between wooden pieces in all directions;

2, it is not easy to rust, tenons and mortises are often used in mahogany furniture. If it is well protected against insects and moisture, it can be well preserved for thousands of years, but it is impossible to achieve it with nails;

3. Convenient disassembly, transportation and maintenance;

4, nails are easy to cause wood splitting.

Although the use of nails is more popular now, mortise and tenon technology still maintains an irreplaceable advantage, which is passed down as a world cultural heritage and regarded as a "national quintessence" by overseas Chinese together with Peking Opera. Really good mahogany furniture must use tenons and mortises, and there will never be a nail.

Excuse me, what is the wooden tenon connection method of the cabinet? Wooden tenon connection can make cabinets have three advantages:

First, the connection strength is good and the accuracy is high. The wooden tenon assembly adopts special wooden tenon and special machine to open holes, and the opening methods of the top plate and side plate of the cabinet are different. The opening is bonded with special white latex, and then assembled with tenon assembling machine. After assembly, the assembly effect is effectively ensured, and the assembly accuracy and connection strength of the cabinet are improved. The traditional connector assembly takes a long time, especially for cabinets and hanging cabinets, and the screws of the connector are easy to loosen, which affects the connection effect.

Second, it's beautiful. When assembling connectors, holes must be punched on the surface of the cabinet. If the hole position is not suitable or the installation effect is not good, it will affect the beauty of the whole cabinet. Wood tenon assembly is to open holes in the board of the cabinet, so the surface flatness after connection is high, and there are no exposed joints after assembly, which is beautiful.

Third, it is easy to clean. From the perspective of cabinet cleaning, if there is a gap between the connector and the connecting hole, it is easy to collect dust and other substances, which brings inconvenience to the cleaning of the cabinet, which is neither hygienic nor environmentally friendly.

Come in and have a look at the wooden tenons. I scored 80 points for the tenon and mortise found, pronounced as S ǔ n m m ǐ o tenon-mortise structure is a commonly used connection method of concave-convex treatment on two connecting parts in solid wood furniture. The protruding part is called tenon (or tenon); The concave part is called mortise (or mortise). This form has reached a high technical level in traditional furniture in China, and it is also common in other wooden, bamboo and stone utensils.

The "tenon-and-mortise" mode of connecting all parts of China furniture is the main structural mode of furniture modeling. Various tenons and mortises have different practices and different scope of application, but they have the function of "joint" in every piece of furniture.

According to the structural coordination, dozens of different "tenons and mortises" can be classified, which can be roughly divided into three types:

One is mainly surface bonding, or two edges bonding, or surface and edge bonding. Such as "notch tenon", "mortise tenon", "dovetail joint", "threading tenon" and "tying tenon".

The other is a structural method as a "point". Mainly used for T-joints, angle joints, cross joints of horizontal and vertical beams, expansion joints of straight beams and curved beams. Such as "grid shoulder tenon", "double tenon", "double clamping tenon", "hook tenon", "wedge tenon", "half tenon" and "through tenon".

There is also a construction method that combines three components and connects them with each other. This method is more complicated and special besides using some tenon-mortise combined structures mentioned above. Such as "supporting angle tenon", "long and short tenon", "holding shoulder tenon" and "zong angle tenon".

The tenon and wood are also in the hole. Commonly known as "tenon". Also known as "pat head" and "pat head".

The "tenon-and-mortise" mode of connecting all parts of China furniture is the main structural mode of furniture modeling. Various tenons and mortises have different practices and different scope of application, but they have the function of "joint" in every piece of furniture. According to the structural coordination, dozens of different tenons and mortises can be classified, which can be roughly divided into three types: one is mainly used for the connection of faces, which can be the connection of two planes, the combination of two faces, and the connection structure of faces and edges. Such as "notch tenon", "mortise tenon", "dovetail joint", "threading tenon" and "tying tenon". The other is a structural method as a "point". Mainly used for T-joints, corner joints, cross joints and expansion joints of straight or curved materials. Such as "grid shoulder tenon", "double tenon", "double clamping tenon", "hook tenon", "wedge tenon", "half tenon" and "through tenon". There is also a construction method that combines three components and connects them with each other. This method is more complicated and special besides using some tenon-mortise connection structures of the above two types. For example, there are "angle tenons", "long and short tenons", "shoulder tenons" and "zong angle tenons".

Tenon sǔn

Chinese interpretation-English translation

Tenon's Chinese interpretation

The following results are explained by the dictionary provided by Han Dian.

Radical stroke

Radical: Number of strokes outside the wood: 10 Total number of strokes: 14

Wu Bi 86: Wu Bi 98: Cang Xie

Number of strokes:1234324121212 Four-corner number: 4094 1 Unicode:CJK unified Chinese character U+69AB.

Basic word meaning

1. The convex parts of the two parts of the object are connected by concave and convex: ~. ~ hair.

Detailed word meaning

1. mortise; Tenon [tenon] A protruding part of a bamboo, wood or stone object or part where the concave and convex meet. Such as tenons and mortises (tenons and mortises)

2. [Join] two or more parts of the frame structure

Common phrases

1. locating pin sǔnxiāo

[Thumbnail] A pin inserted in the pin hole on the tenon.

2. mortise s ǔ new york ǔ n

[Mortise] A hole cut at the joint of tenon and mortise to accommodate mortise, that is, the concave part where objects join.

3. tenon chisel sǔnzáo

[mortise chisel] A chisel used to chisel mortises.

What is the essential difference between tenon-mortise structure and nail connection of solid wood furniture? Solid wood furniture generally adopts tenon-mortise structure, basically without nails. Why? After reading the following five points, the answer will be solved.

1, mortise has a long history.

As early as the Neolithic Age in Hemudu more than 7,000 years ago, our ancestors began to use tenon-mortise structure, which means that tenon-mortise structure is a unique technological creation of the Chinese nation with a long history.

For more than 70 centuries, this kind of art and craft has been continuously developed and recreated, and the technology and craft have become quite skilled.

China traditional furniture (especially Ming and Qing furniture) has reached today's level, which is directly related to the application of this structural feature. It is the application of this ingenious structure that enhances the artistic value of China furniture, especially to the amazement of China furniture and architectural artists.

Therefore, it can be said that Chinese furniture does not need nails, which is a tradition, an established custom and a continuation and development of the upper hand. Tenon and mortise structure is the core of China furniture, also known as traditional furniture.

2. The mortise and tenon structure makes the furniture more durable.

Many people have experienced this kind of thing. For benches with nails, nails are easy to hang pants, but benches with mortise and tenon structure rarely do, because furniture with mortise and tenon structure is more durable. The following summarizes the specific reasons:

First, the combination of tenon and mortise structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short pieces of wood. This combination can effectively limit the distortion between wooden pieces in all directions.

Nail connection can't be done. For example, if nails are used to make a T-shaped combination of two wooden roofs, the vertical roof and the horizontal roof are easy to distort and change their angles, but tenons and mortises will not distort.

Secondly, metals are prone to rust or oxidation, while real mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds or thousands of years. Many Ming style furniture has a history of hundreds of years. Despite the vicissitudes of life, the wood is as hard as ever.

If such furniture is combined with nails, it is likely that the wood is intact, but the furniture falls apart because of corrosion, fatigue and aging of the connecting metal.

3, mortise and tenon structure furniture is easy to disassemble and transport.

Many mahogany furniture is disassembled and transported, and then assembled and installed at the destination, which is very convenient.

If the furniture is connected with nails, it can be made into a split system, but it is difficult to make furniture with more pieces in Xiao Mu like chairs. Furniture made of nails is easily damaged when disassembled.

Exchangeable image format

4. Mortise furniture is easy to maintain.

No matter what kind of furniture has been used for a long time, it needs maintenance. Pure mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds of years, and there will always be similar cases where bricks are broken and need to be replaced. Nail-connected furniture is not as easy to disassemble and replace as mortise-and-tenon furniture.

If the furniture is made of good glue, such as fish fat glue, the glue will be softened by soaking in water, and the tenon and mortise will soon loosen, but unless the furniture is divided into eight pieces, it can't be done with nails. This will cause damage to the furniture.

When making furniture, nails can easily lead to wood damage.

Mahogany wood is hard, and it is easy to split the wood by squeezing and drilling nails, and the tenon-mortise structure can be connected without too much brute force.

1. tenon-mortise connection refers to a connection method in which various processes are carried out on wood, and the two ends of each wood part to be joined are processed into tenons and mortises by using the material characteristics of wood itself, and they are nested and fixed with each other.

2. There are various forms of mortises and tenons. Usually, what kind of tenon should be matched with what kind of mortise, and the size and scale should not be lost. It has the advantage of making furniture parts seamless and durable, but it is difficult to process and the production efficiency is low, which is also an important reason for the simplification of common tenons and the scarcity of some special tenons in the production of solid wood furniture. These commonly used tenons are mainly divided into right-angle tenons, round tenons, dovetail joint tenons and oval tenons according to their shapes. According to the number of tenons, there are mainly single tenons, double tenons and multi-head tenons. According to the through relationship between tenons, there are mainly: open tenons and hidden tenons. According to whether the tenon side is exposed or not, there are mainly open tenons, closed tenons and semi-closed tenons.

3. Nailing (nailing) is a combined way to connect furniture parts directly with various nails. It has the advantages of high production efficiency and easy processing, but it is often not as strong as tenon joint. Usually, the firmness of this bonding method is closely related to the length and shape of the nail body, the strength of the nail itself and the diameter of the nail. The higher the strength of the nail, the higher the bonding strength. The greater the length and diameter of the nail, the greater the surface fluctuation and the higher the bonding strength. At present, the commonly used nail types are mainly divided into two categories: manual nail feeding (straight round nail, straight square nail and threaded nail) and mechanical nail feeding (air gun nail).

4, the difference:

(1) Furniture parts are connected by tenon-mortise structure (parts are connected by friction of wooden components instead of metal nails). The mortise (chisel) and tenon (truss) must be identical in size and shape in order to be assembled correctly. Its advantages are as follows: the furniture adopts exquisite and accurate tenon-mortise structure, which closely combines all parts of the furniture into a solid whole. The tenon itself is a combination of furniture parts, which is made of the same material and has the same life span as the furniture, and at the same time shows the connotation of China culture.

(2) Nailing is a combined way to connect various parts of furniture with various nails. Usually, due to the increase of the service life of furniture, the repeated pulling out of nails, the change of materials expanding with heat and contracting with cold, the oxidation aging of nails and other factors, the furniture structure is loose and the service life is shortened.