The status of Lijiang, the layout, what is the style of the old city

The UNESCO World Heritage Committee held its 21st plenary session in Naples, Italy, in December 1997, and in accordance with Criterion C(II)(IV) of the Cultural Heritage Selection Criteria, was inscribed on the "World Heritage List".

No. 200-017 World Heritage Committee Evaluation:

The Old Town of Lijiang, an economically and strategically important place skillfully blended with the rugged terrain, is truly perfectly preserved and reproduced in a minimalist style. Baptized after the vicissitudes of countless dynasties blended with the characteristics of various ethnic groups and cultures and the construction of the famous ancient city. Lijiang also boasts an ancient water supply system crisscrossed with exquisite chic and still functioning.

●Overview:

Lijiang Ancient City is located in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, Southwest China, Lijiang Ancient City, also known as the town of Danyan, located in the middle of the Lijiang Dam, which is not only a famous historical and cultural city walled old city, it is said to be because of Lijiang's hereditary ruler surnamed Wood, the frame of the "sleepy", and therefore inevitable, such as the word "Wood" fortification. The old city of Lijiang Naxi name "consolidation of knowledge in this area", "consolidation of granary," knowledge "of the market, we can see that Lijiang Ancient City is a granary land allocation Lijiang Ancient City was built in the late Song and early Yuan. (Late 13th century). The ancient city is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the city area of 3.8 square kilometers, traditionally known as the fair and the city's existing residents of the ancient city of more than 6200 households, more than 25000. Among them, the Naxi accounted for the vast majority of the total population, 30% of the residents engaged in traditional crafts and commercial activities mainly copper and silverware, fur, leather, textile, brewing industry.

Streets in the old town of Lijiang courtyard construction, paved with red breccia, not muddy in the rainy season, the dry season will not fly ash, natural stone pattern

Elegant, the whole city environment complements each other. Located in the center of the ancient city Sifang Street is a representative of Lijiang's ancient streets.

In the old town of Lijiang ancient city of jade river basin, the construction of a bridge, the density of 354 93 per square kilometer bridge has a variety of shapes, there are more famous lock Cui Bridge, Dashi Bridge, a thousand bridges, the South Gate Bridge, Saddle Bridge, Renshou Bridge, built in the Ming and Qing dynasties (14th - 19th centuries A.D. One of the most distinctive is located in the four-square street of the stone bridge to the east of 100 meters).

MuFu was originally the ancient city of Lijiang hereditary Tusi wood government offices, built in the Yuan Dynasty (12711368 AD), rebuilt in 1998, later renamed as the Museum of the Old City. Wood House covers an area of 46 acres, the size of 162 rooms in the House of Representatives, Chinchilla hanging Emperor within the plaque 11, reflecting the ups and downs of timber family history.

Located in the rich temple in the city's five phoenix building was built in the Ming Dynasty Wanli 29 years (1601 AD), 20 meters high. Five because of its architectural form resembles a flying phoenix, so called "five peaks, the ceiling of the building, painted with a variety of exquisite patterns. The architectural style of the five phoenix building is a blend of Chinese, Tibetan, Naxi national treasures of ancient Chinese architecture and typical examples.

Baisha residential buildings are located 8 kilometers north of Lijiang Old Town, which used to be the political, economic and cultural center of Lijiang area during the Song and Yuan Dynasties (10th to 14th centuries). Baisha residential buildings are located in a north-south axis, the center of the trapezoidal square, fountains introduced from the north on the square, four

alleyways from the square to the four sides, very unique. The formation and development of Bisha residential buildings and later the layout of the old city of Lijiang laid the foundation.

Shuhe is located four kilometers northwest of Lijiang around the buildings within the old town residential premises in a patchwork, the layout of the shape similar to the Lijiang Ancient City Sifangjie Lijiang Ancient City, a small market of residential buildings. The Qinglong River is crossed from the center of the complex by the Qinglong Bridge of the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644 AD), which is the largest stone arch bridge in Lijiang.

The historic old town of Lijiang Old Town nature. The city layout is staggered, both with the style of the mountains, full of charm of rivers and lakes. Lijiang's house integrates the essence of the Han, White, Yi, Tibetan ethnic groups, there is also a unique Naxi style, is the study of Chinese architecture, history and rare cultural and historical heritage. Lijiang Ancient City, including the rich traditional culture of the ethnic groups, focusing on the Naxi people, for the study of human cultural development of the important historical material of prosperity and development.

Lijiang Ancient City is a higher value and overall value of the historical and cultural city, it is a concentration of local historical and cultural and ethnic customs and styles, reflecting the essential features of social progress. The flowing urban space, vibrant water system, unified style of architectural complexes, moderate scale of residential buildings, friendly and pleasant spatial environment as well as unique style of folk art content to distinguish it from other historical and cultural cities in China. Ancient city building unforgettable nature, pragmatic, straightforward, well-compatible with the valuable qualities, reflecting the specific historical conditions in a particular spirit of human creativity and progress in the significance of urban architecture. Lijiang ancient city is the national traditional settlements of great significance, the existence of the history of human urban construction, the development of history, the study of human races provides valuable information, is a precious cultural heritage, is a treasure of China and the world line to join the "World Heritage List" reason.

(A) State of Lijiang Ancient City in China

Historic Ancient City of Lijiang is a mountainous city of quaint nature, with the ability of the scenery of rivers and lakes, which has a long history as a minority city, from the overall layout of the city works, built into the essence of the Han, White, Yi, Tibetan ethnic groups, as well as because of the distinctive style with the Naxi ethnic group. In 1986, as the National Historical and Cultural City, the Chinese government identified Lijiang City as the Old Town, the status in China.

(B) Lijiang ancient city, fully embodies the achievements of ancient Chinese city construction

Unlike any king city, Lijiang ancient city Jian side nine miles under three countries nine latitude and longitude, way nine track "of the replication of the Central Plains urban agglomeration. The city's irregular road network, no rigid walls of the ancient city layout of three mountains connected to a river screen; three rivers source through the city, everyone tap water system using "meridians" and "songs, quiet street layout, narrow style buildings on the water, staggered design of the existing ancient city in China! Art is extremely rare, is the Naxi forefathers according to national traditions and environmental re-creation.

(C) The residential area of Lijiang Old Town is one of the types of Chinese houses with distinctive features and styles

The town, the building itself is the physical and chemical form of social life, residential buildings compared to the official government offices, halls and other buildings to better reflect the economic culture, customs and religious beliefs of a country, a region. Lijiang Ancient City houses layout, structure and shape, according to their specific conditions and traditional way of life, organic combination of the fine traditions of the ancient architecture of the Central Plains, the Bai, Tibetan dwellings, houses earthquake wells, sun, rain, ventilation, renovation, etc. A bold

innovation and development, the formation of a unique style, hierarchical, clearly show that there is no uniformity in the courtyard constitutes the body, poor Wisdom, humility in hiding ingenuity, natural and simple creativity, over a considerable period of time and a specific area of the development of the Naxi people has also had a tremendous impact. Lijiang dwellings is the study of Chinese architectural history, cultural history is a very important heritage.

(D) Lijiang ancient city is a natural beauty and artificial beauty, art and economic organic unity of the application

Lijiang ancient city is a model of the whole well-preserved ancient city. Relying on the three mountains of the old city built with the organic unity of nature, the ancient city of tile houses, lined up, surrounded by green hills and green water, close to the ancient city into pieces tightly surrounded. City houses vivid, simple style, exquisite and elegant decoration is the crystallization of Naxi culture and technology. Covering the ancient city of Naxi people live a deep understanding of art, reflecting the ingenuity of the people, for the local ethnic, cultural and technological exchanges and fusion of products, is an important part of the valuable architectural heritage of the Chinese nation.

(5) Lijiang old town, embracing a rich ethnic traditional culture, focusing on the prosperity and development of the Naxi nation

The development and prosperity of human culture is important to the historical study of the ancient city of Lijiang more than 800 years of history, it has gradually become the economic and cultural center of northwestern Yunnan, for the development of the national culture to provide a good environmental conditions, an ethnic group has created a Splendid culture, inhabited by the Naxi and other ethnic minorities. Whether it is the ancient city streets, square arches, water, bridges or houses decorated courtyard vignettes threshold related plaques, stone inscriptions penetrate the Naxi people's cultural cultivation and aesthetic taste, are fully embodied in the local ethnic religion, aesthetics, literature and culture of the multiple aspects of the connotation, mood and charm, to show the history and culture of the depth and richness of the content. Especially those with rich connotations of the Dongba culture, Baisha murals traditional culture and art in the history of human civilization has left a brilliant chapter.

(F) The form of authenticity of Lijiang Old Town

The overall layout of the houses in the old town of Lijiang Old Town, as well as architectural decorative materials, construction techniques, the environment, etc. are all well-preserved ancient styles, roads and water supply systems to maintain the status quo, five-stone pavements, stone-arch bridges, plank bridges, the four-square street trade square has been preserved. Residences are still restored and constructed using traditional craftsmanship and materials, this ancient city has been protected to the maximum extent by the local government and all construction activities are controlled and directed by the rock power grid. Lijiang Ancient City has been created by people and well continue to create it. As reconciled residents, parts of the old city and the original form and architecture deviate from the "new buildings" are gradually being demolished or renovated to ensure that the city itself has an appendage of artistic or historical value or can be fully carried forward.

Lijiang Ancient City's comprehensive value and overall value of the historical and cultural city, only to be included in the World Heritage List to protect it so that it can be handed down for a long time for the water, better play it has a world significance.

● cultural heritage value:

1, the ancient streets of Lijiang streets built along the water flow according to the mountain terrain to the red breccia (pentaphyllite) stores, the rainy season is not muddy, dry pulverized coal ash, stone on the pattern of the natural elegance, delicate texture, complement each other, the entire urban environment. Sifang Street is an ancient street on behalf of Lijiang, located in the heart of the old town, not only is the old town of the big goose, the center of the market and commercial center of northwestern Yunnan. Sifang Street is a small square of about 100 square meters of steps, five stone pavement, stores on both sides of the street lined up rows. Xike Gongfang style unique three-story gatehouse of the heights. Xijiang River, Dongjiang River. Activity gate dry river height difference flushing street. The four main streets: Guangyi Street, Seven Street, Wuyi Street, Xinhua Street, from the four corners of the four sides of the street, and from the four main streets forked out of many streets extend, such as a spider's web of intertwined, well-connected, thus forming the four sides of the street as the center of the street layer of extension layer of discreet and open pattern.

Lijiang Yuhe River old city of the old bridge, bridge 354, an average density of 93 per square kilometer. form of corridor bridge (owned), stone arch bridge, stone bridge, plank bridge. There are more famous lock Cui Bridge, Dashi Bridge, thousand bridges, South Gate Bridge, Saddle Bridge, Renshou Bridge, built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Stone Bridge of the Old City, first in the Sifang Street East Bridge 100 meters, was built in the Ming Dynasty to revert to the flow of the river, from the bridge to see the reflection of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, also known as Yingxue of the bridge. Bridge two-hole stone arch bridge, arch ring plate rock support jigsaw, the bridge is 10 meters long, nearly 4 meters wide, the bridge is paved with the traditional five stone paving, gentle slope, to promote cross-strait exchanges.

Dollar, Sheng in Ming "Mufu Mufu original Department of Lijiang hereditary Tusi wood government offices in preparation for the turmoil of the war after the spring of 1998, and established the reconstruction of the old city in the House Museum.

MuFu repair and reconstruction of the area of 46 acres, sitting west to east, along the central axis of loyalty square, the gate of righteousness, the former Chamber of Commerce, the House of Ten Thousand Volumes, Taoist temples built according to the topography, the light than the building, the building of the beautiful sound quality, the Three Clear Halls, the Halls, the attic, the stage, the building, the courtyard, the corridors, the Palace station 15, **** there are 162 big and small. Yamen hang 11 generations of Emperor's plaque, on the book "loyalty", sincerity to the country "," series of Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, some people say: "Mufu is solidified Lijiang ancient music, contemporary epic of creation! ".

Fu Temple Wufenglou Wufenglou (formerly known as Fayunma), located in the north end of Heilongtan Park, was built in the Ming Wanli 29 years (1601 AD), in 1983 was announced as a key cultural relics protection Yunnan Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Shelf 20 meters layer Meng three stove material structure, the base is subzigzag tower three stacked world, housing bear octagonal, a *** there are three 24 flying eaves, like a phoenix spreading its wings instrument, named five phoenix building, the whole building *** there are 32 pillars landing, four columns, each 12 meters high, columns part of the built-in bucket frame technology, F, the tip of the gold really top. Painted on the ceiling of the Taiji, flying god king, dragon and phoenix bird pattern, smooth lines, colorful, architectural style of Han, Tibetan, Naxi national treasures of ancient Chinese architecture of a typical example.

5, Baisha Baisha residential architecture residential architecture is located in the ancient town of Danyan, 8 kilometers away from the Song and Yuan dynasties in Lijiang's political, economic and cultural center. Baysha residential buildings are located in a north-south main axis of the center has a trapezoidal square, four lanes from the square leading to the four sides of the residential paved road along the line set up from the north to introduce the square street, fresh air, and then to the residential community, very unique formation and development of residential buildings in Baysha, after the layout of the old town of Lijiang Danyan laid the foundation.

Shuhe Ancient Town Shuhe in Lijiang, 4 kilometers northwest of the old town of residential buildings residential buildings ancient city of Lijiang Shuhe by the mountains and water, residential premises around the block is a small market, the street there is a pool of spring water, known as the "Nine Tripods of the Dragon Pool, also known as the "Dragon Spring". The center of the Qinglong River Shuhe Village through the Qinglong Bridge across the Ming Dynasty. Qinglong Bridge is 4 meters high, 4.5 meters wide, 23 meters long, is the largest stone arch bridge in Lijiang. Bridge bundle side built 32 meters long, 27 meters wide, quadrangular shape and Lijiang Old Town Sifang Street similar to the old town, diversion of water to wash the street.

●What to see in Lijiang Ancient City:

One, climb to the top, you can see the ancient city. Ancient City clever use of topography, West Lion Mountain, North Elephant Mountain, Jinhong Mountain, back northwest to southeast, away from the snowy mountains cold air, to attract the southeast heater, hide the wind and gather the gas, the best geographic vicinity.

, Linhe water, hydrology impressive ancient city. The ancient city fully utilizes the spring will be the Yudai River in the city into three, three into nine, and then into countless canals. The river near the main street, the alley near the canal, the ancient city is clean and full of vitality.

From the entrance, you can enjoy the construction of the ancient city. Ancient city building is full of ancient courtyard, house building simple rough, beautiful, harmonious courtyard arrangement and house detail decoration rich and delicate, residents like to plant seasonal flowers, forming a man and nature.

Four, the bridge market, you can list the layout of the ancient city. The layout of the ancient city of freedom and flexibility, eclectic, residential, market, roads, water supply system organization of all is reasonable, the right configuration, plus stone, stone bridge, wooden bridge, flowers and birds, qinqiqi, calligraphy and painting, folklore, giving birth to endless charm, the unique charm of the ancient city.