What is a true hybrid? What types of hybrid power are there now?

1. According to the connection mode of hybrid drive, hybrid power systems are mainly divided into the following three categories:

One is a series hybrid power system. In the series hybrid power system, the internal combustion engine directly drives the generator to generate electricity, and the generated electric energy is transferred to the battery through the control unit, and then transferred to the motor by the battery to be converted into kinetic energy, and finally the automobile is driven through the transmission mechanism. In this connection mode, the battery is like a reservoir, but the object of adjustment is not water quantity, but electric energy. The storage battery regulates the energy generated by the generator and the energy required by the motor, thus ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle. This kind of power system is widely used in urban public transport and rarely used in cars.

There is also a "series mode" of electric vehicles driven only by motors. The engine is only used as the power source, and the car is driven by the motor. The drive system only has an electric motor, but it is also a hybrid vehicle, because it also needs to be equipped with a fuel engine.

The second is the parallel hybrid power system. Parallel hybrid power system has two sets of drive systems: traditional internal combustion engine system and motor drive system. These two systems can work together at the same time or independently to drive the car. The system is suitable for many different driving conditions, especially for complex road conditions. This connection mode is simple in structure and low in cost. Honda's Accord and Civic are in parallel.

"Parallel hybrid power" with engine as the main power and motor as the auxiliary power. This method is mainly driven by the engine and uses the characteristics of the motor to generate powerful power when restarting. When the fuel consumption of the engine is high, such as automatic start and acceleration, the auxiliary drive of the motor is used to reduce the fuel consumption of the engine. The structure of this method is relatively simple, and only the motor and battery need to be added to the car.

The third is the series-parallel hybrid power system. It is characterized in that the internal combustion engine system and the motor drive system each have a set of mechanical transmission mechanisms, which are combined together through a gear train or planetary gear structure to comprehensively adjust the speed relationship between the internal combustion engine and the motor. Compared with parallel hybrid power system, parallel hybrid power system can adjust the power output of internal combustion engine and the operation of motor more flexibly according to working conditions. This connection is complicated and costly.

Classification of mixing degree

According to the proportion of motor output power in the whole system output power in hybrid power system, that is, the degree of mixing is often different, hybrid power system can also be divided into the following four categories:

One is a micro hybrid system. Representative models are the hybrid C3 of PSA and the hybrid VIOS of Toyota. This hybrid power system is equipped with a belt-driven starter motor (also known as belt alternator starter generator, abbreviated as BSG system) on the starter motor of the traditional internal combustion engine (generally 12V). The motor is a start-stop integrated motor, which is used to control the start and stop of the engine, so as to cancel the idle speed of the engine and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Strictly speaking, this micro-hybrid car is not a real hybrid car because its motor can't provide continuous power for the car. In micro hybrid power system, there are usually two kinds of motor voltages: 12v and 42v. Among them, 42v is mainly used in diesel hybrid power system.

The second is a light hybrid system. The representative model is a general hybrid pickup truck. Hybrid power system adopts integrated starter motor (also known as integrated starter generator, ISG system for short). Compared with the micro hybrid system, the light hybrid system can not only control the start and stop of the engine with the generator, but also realize: (1) absorbing part of energy under deceleration and braking conditions; (2) During driving, the engine runs at a constant speed, and the energy generated by the engine can be adjusted between the driving demand of the wheels and the charging demand of the generator. The mixing degree of light hybrid power system is generally below 20%. BSG belt drive start/power generation technology is often used for light mixing, which usually saves less than 10% of fuel. The motor does not directly participate in driving, and is mainly used for starting and recovering braking energy.

The third is the hybrid power system. Unlike the mild hybrid system, the moderate hybrid system uses a high-voltage motor. In addition, the hybrid power system also adds a function: when the car is in acceleration or heavy load condition, the motor can assist in driving the wheels, thus supplementing the lack of power output of the engine itself, thus better improving the performance of the whole vehicle. The mixing degree of the system is high, which can reach about 30%. At present, the technology is mature and widely used.

ISG generally adopts crankshaft start/power generation technology in China, and strong hybrid power can save fuel by 40%.

The fourth is a complete hybrid system. The system adopts 272-650v high-voltage starting motor, which has higher mixing degree. Compared with the medium-sized hybrid power system, the mixing degree of the complete hybrid power system can reach or even exceed 50%. With the development of technology, a complete hybrid system will gradually become the main development direction of hybrid technology.

All the above different mixing methods can reduce costs and emissions to some extent. In recent ten years, major automobile manufacturers have formed their own road of hybrid technology through continuous R&D investment, experimental summary and commercial application, and their performance in the market is also outstanding.