What are the e-commerce models

B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M, M2C, B2A (i.e., B2G), C2A (i.e., C2G) seven types of e-commerce models and so on.

B2B = Business to Business.

Business-to-business e-commerce, i.e., business-to-business exchange of products, services, and information over the Internet. Commonly known as e-commerce transactions between the supply and demand sides are merchants (or enterprises, companies), she (he) they use the technology of the Internet or a variety of business network platforms, to complete the process of business transactions. These processes include: the release of supply and demand information, ordering and confirmation of orders, the payment process and the issuance, transmission and receipt of bills, to determine the distribution program and monitor the distribution process. Sometimes written B to B, but for the sake of simplicity simply use its harmonic B2B (2 that is two). B2B is typical of China suppliers, Alibaba, Made in China, Dunhuang, Huicong, Terra Nova, Needsee, e-commerce, etc. B2B can be divided into foreign trade B2B and domestic trade B2B, according to the nature of the industry can be divided into the integrated B2B and vertical B2B, vertical B2B: China Chemical Industry Corporation (CCICICIC), Luwen Building Services Network.

B2C = Business to Customer

The B2C model is the earliest e-commerce model in China, marked by the formal operation of the 8848 online mall.　The first:

Comprehensive Mall: Taobao online Tianhe City, Zhengjia Plaza

Mall, said the city, the natural city will have many stores, yes, comprehensive mall as we usually enter the Tianhe City, Zhengjia, New Daxin, and other real-life big mall. The first floor of the mall may be a first-class brand, and then the second floor is women's clothing, the third floor of men's clothing, the fourth floor sports/decoration, the fifth floor of the cell phone digital, the sixth floor of the special ...... will be the N brand stores to load in, which is the mall. The back of the Taobao Mall is naturally this form, with the traditional no different, it has a large shopping group, a stable website platform, a complete payment system, integrity and security system (although there are still many shortcomings), to promote the seller into the sale of things, the buyer to go in to buy things. As with traditional shopping centers, Taobao itself is not selling anything, is to provide a complete sales package.

And the online mall, in the popularity of enough, rich products, logistics and convenient case, its cost advantage, twenty-four hours of the night city, no regional restrictions, richer products and so on the advantages of the online integrated mall is about to get a role in the trading market.

This kind of mall offline is divided into regions, each big metropolis there are always three or five big mall. And the Internet in this area, but also destined to three or five comprehensive mall alone, is currently Taobao a dominant embarrassing situation. In fact, similar to the pat / eBay / have ah, just a far cry, and even are not quite want to mention.

The second type:

Specialized integration type: Sai V network

Sai V network is mainly engaged in sporting goods online sales, shopping guide, news and information, event reports, etc., will be used as one of the large-scale sports integrated portal network. Beijing Sai V Network Information Technology Co., Ltd. is an innovative and comprehensive enterprise, they advanced e-commerce model and traditional retail industry for innovative integration, with modern network platform and call center for customer service, mainly do sports brand supplies business, do only genuine, fake a penalty ten, pay great attention to customer service. The company relies on Sai V network, with network marketing and website promotion as the main means, mainly relying on advanced marketing concepts, efficient and perfect distribution, a new business model, to provide consumers with high-quality perfect shopping experience.

Third:

Department store: Amazon, Dangdang, Joy Online Walmart

Store, called the store, indicating that there is only one seller; and department store, that is, to meet the needs of daily consumption of a rich product line. This kind of store has its own warehouse and will stock a range of products for faster logistics and customer service. This kind of store will even have its own brand. Just like the offline Walmart, Watson's and Park'n Shop.

This model is the most according to the concern when the number of Amazon, many friends in the industry laughingly said, to enter the e-commerce industry, the first study of Amazon, to do the e-commerce industry, to get rid of Amazon, that is, its professionalism, and the scale, so that you both love, but also jealousy hate. And here cited Dangdang Excellence is my personal admiration for doing ten years almost do not make money are still insisting on the company, although in 04 years, said Amazon said to 150 million dollars to buy Dangdang refused to buy excellence at half the price. Or this is the capital operation level of strategy, can only say that the operation of these two sites master, capital operation ability is still good.

Dangdang, excellence of this kind of store exists online, how many will there be?

Because of their respective inventory, distribution and other environmental differences, each platform will give each different elements, that is, there is a brand effect. With the brand effect, in fact, this model of online stores can be more than one, not just three or five, can be a multiple. Consumers may choose to try other stores because of a certain experience, a small price difference, or a bad shopping experience.

Dangdang Joyo tried the shop-in-shop model, but it failed, but there are signs that it wants to convert to a mall.

Fourth:

Vertical stores: Makoline red children Jingdong Youge online store, Gome 360 mall, smile shopping network

Vertical stores, serving a particular group of people or a particular need, providing a comprehensive range of products and more specialized services related to this area or need to be embodied.

such as McLaughlin is located in the 18-25-year-old young women's group without store sales carrier, although the start is to use the DM, the back of the slow tendency to the online store.

Red Child started with the mother and child market entry

such as Jingdong, do online Gome, specializing in the sale of electrical appliances / 3C products

This mall's products have more similarity, either to meet the needs of a certain group of people, or to meet a certain need or a certain platform (such as electrical appliances).

How many vertical stores exist on the Internet? It depends on the market segmentation. Set the kind of segmentation is X, then it is X three to five times, because each field, there are always three or five there to compete, although the Internet everyone says there is no penis, but also actually not, although the penis live very hard, but also to lie down, hard to live. And also because of the good competition pattern, and promote the service improvement.

Here we find a phenomenon, such as the above example of Jingdong, red children, to the recent action, have begun to expand the product line, such as red children to the original mother and baby market, expanding to the family as a unit of the shopping platform; such as Jingdong through the low-priced electrical appliances/3C products to attract a large number of buyers, and then through the enrichment of the product line, adding/recommending profit margins are greater products to Then by enriching the product line and adding/recommending products with bigger profit margins, they seek to make profits. It is clear that they are all transforming into general stores. Another phenomenon, like McLaughlin, YouGo.com and other vertical stores targeting niche segments of the population, is the trend of forming their own brands.

Fifth:

Compound brand store: Giordano Bailey

Giordano is a traditional clothing brand, their own N direct, franchise stores. Zhengjia mall opened, Giordano into, and online Taobao mall opened, online Giordano also went in. And even if all the malls are down, Giordano also have their own have an independent image store, which is the traditional brand. When Giordano found that online consumers and offline consumers are different, they boldly made the operation of different prices, and its perfect warehouse deployment management through the network of sales to better grasp the cash flow and the flow of goods operation.

Like Belle, offline, there are nearly 8,000 stores, according to the announcement of 08 years to do 16 billion of the market. Currently into the network, is a bold attempt, online style or brand has a certain interval, but also for mass production, because, how to sell online is not finished, the 8,000 stores is a very good clear inventory of exports. 200,000 pairs of line each store to sell more than two dozen pairs of the solution.

Similar to this store, with the maturity of e-commerce, more and more traditional brands to join the e-commerce battlefield to seize new markets, expanding new channels, optimize products and channel resources as the goal of a wave of the momentum of the large-scale march.

How many of these online stores are there? How many offline, there will be how many online. Including the Gome this kind, are belong to the composite online store, just the integration of the strength is not enough, the model is not mature, so do not mention for the time being.

Sixth:

Light brand store PPG VANCL dream Bazaar

PPG and VANCL's case has been rumored all over the streets, despite the existence of a number of controversies, but the new things are always in the controversy. And here to join the Dream Barber has two reasons, the first is YES PPG has been many media stick, VANCL is also rumored to be about to transform into a comprehensive shopping mall. For Dream Bazaar is the first from the DM delivery + network + CALL Center, and then do offline image brand store. It is said that monthly sales of 6 million. It is also worth paying attention to a representative.

China has been a production power, more than N factories, mature industry chain is enough to meet the production needs, and the Chinese people make money are belong to the product profit premium, rather than the brand profit premium (such as China's MP3, in the profit of ten dollars, while the United States of America's APPLE is more than ten U.S. dollars in profits), in the environment of the maturation of the brand is not necessarily necessary to do is their own! There are factories, on the contrary, China has a unique advantage, the brand can be more focused on providing personalized, more delicate to meet the needs of the audience groups of products, based on brand positioning, strengthen the product design, through the application of information technology, with the increasingly mature Internet sales platform, increasingly sophisticated logistics and distribution and even a variety of services, etc., the whole chain is becoming more and more refined and perfect, so that brands can focus on doing what they are good at, while the other things are not. Good at what they do, and other things are outsourced, with the best raw material providers, looking for the best manufacturers, looking for efficient and effective promotional channels, the combination of strong, your advantage will be highlighted to the fullest. In retrospect, the world's top brand owners, not also do this?

Lightweight brand stores are feasible, the key is not to confuse themselves, find out their core competitiveness, other stronger people to undertake. And right now, and then there is the thought of what are doing their own bosses, but also need to rethink, do not let themselves trip.

The previous talk about the dream Bazaar also opened a few brick-and-mortar stores, and even by the original sale of underwear, expanding the product range to all aspects of female consumption. This also shows that light online stores are also being transformed into a composite. At the same time, in the future, light brand stores, will be on the traditional brand stores, provoking a melee, who may win, and lose always refuse to accept the advantages of others of the enterprise.

Seventh

Service-oriented online store Yi Mei also got

Easy beauty is an online printing company, for example, Wang got married, and his wife went to Europe for the honeymoon, took a lot of photos, but not yet home, relatives and friends have got the Wang through the Yi Mei online printing photos, photos are embedded in the bone china cups, and some of them according to their own wishes, bound a beautiful picture frame, is placed in the father's home. The photos are embedded in bone china cups, or bound in beautiful frames according to their own wishes, and are being placed in front of mom and dad's room.

You can also buy all over the world. Yes, we can help you go around the world to buy the products you want and make a profit by charging a modest service fee.

There are more and more service-oriented online stores, all to meet people's different individual needs, and even to help you queue up to buy a movie for sale, there are people to trade, and I'm looking forward to seeing more service forms of online stores.

Eighth

Guide engine type Aibi network

Bi friends can be shared here than friends of the product experience reviews, than friends are also keen to use their own product experience to tell more than friends.

As a B2C upstream merchant, bringing customers to the merchants is the king of service built on the consumer's point of view. Aibi strives to become an effective traffic procurement platform for e-commerce, and to reduce the marketing costs of high-quality b2c merchants.

C2C = Consumer to Consumer

C2C is one of several modes of e-commerce, like B2B and B2C. The difference is that C2C is a user-to-user model, and the C2C business platform is to provide an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, so that sellers can take the initiative to provide commodities for online auction, and buyers can choose their own commodities for bidding. The typical C2C is Baidu C2C, Taobao, pat.com and so on.

B2M = Business to Manager

B2M is a new e-commerce model relative to B2B, B2C, and C2C. And this e-commerce relative to the above three has a fundamental difference, the fundamental difference lies in the nature of the target customer groups are different, the former three target customer groups are as a consumer identity, and B2M for the customer group is the enterprise or the product sellers or for its workers, rather than the final consumer.

Enterprises through the network platform to publish the enterprise's products or services, professional managers through the network to obtain the enterprise's products or services information, and for the enterprise to provide product sales or provide corporate services, the enterprise through the manager's services to achieve the purpose of selling products or obtaining services. The company sells its products or services through the manager's services. The professional manager receives a commission for the services he provides to the company.

B2M and traditional e-commerce compared with a huge improvement, in addition to the face of the user group has a fundamental difference, B2M has a greater advantage of the characteristics of the advantage: the offline development of e-commerce! The above three characteristics of traditional e-commerce: buyers and sellers of goods or services can only be netizens, while the B2M model can be on the network of goods and services information completely offline, the enterprise to publish information, the manager to obtain business information, and will be provided to all the people of the goods or services, whether online or offline. In fact, B2M is essentially an agency model.

Business to Marketing

Marketing-oriented e-commerce enterprises (e-commerce companies or e-commerce is an important marketing channel of the company). B2M e-commerce companies based on customer demand as the core of the marketing site, and through online and offline channels to the site of a wide range of promotions and standardized guide to shopping! management, thus making the site as an important marketing channel for enterprises.

M2C = Manager to Consumer

M2C is an extension of the B2M e-commerce model, in which a company publishes its products or services through an online platform, and a professional manager obtains information about the company's products or services through the Internet and provides product sales or services for the company. In the B2M segment, the enterprise publishes its products or services through an online platform, and the professional manager obtains information about the enterprise's products or services through the network and provides the enterprise with product sales or services. In the M2C link, the manager will face the Consumer, that is, the final consumer.

M2C is an extension of B2M and an indispensable part of the follow-up development of the new e-commerce model of B2M. Managers ultimately have to sell the product to the final consumer, and a large part of this is also through the form of e-commerce, similar to C2C, but not exactly the same. C2C is the traditional profit model, earning basically is the difference between the price of goods in and out of the price. The M2C profit model is rich, flexible, that is, it can be the difference in price, can also be commission. And M2C logistics management model can be more diverse than C2C, such as zero inventory; cash flow than the traditional C2C more advantageous.

E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three areas: information services, transactions and payments. The main contents include: electronic commercial advertisement; electronic shopping and trading, exchange of electronic transaction credentials; electronic payment and settlement as well as after-sale online services. The main transaction types are business-to-person transactions (B to C approach) and business-to-business transactions (B to B approach). There are four types of entities involved in e-commerce: customers (individual consumers or business groups), merchants (including sellers, manufacturers, storage and transportation), banks (including card issuers and acquirers) and authentication centers.

From the point of view of trade activities, e-commerce can be analyzed, e-commerce can be realized in more than one link, from which e-commerce can also be divided into two levels, lower level of e-commerce, such as e-commerce, e-trade, e-contracts, etc.; the most complete and the highest level of e-commerce should be the use of the INTENET network is able to carry out all of the trade activities, i.e., on the Internet will be the flow of information, commercial flow, capital flow and part of the logistics of the complete realization, that is to say, you can start from the search for customers, until the negotiation, ordering, online payment (receipt), according to electronic invoices to electronic customs clearance, electronic taxation, etc. through the INTERNET in one fell swoop.

To realize the complete e-commerce will also involve many parties, in addition to buyers, sellers, but also banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions to join the line. Since the parties involved in e-commerce are physically unaware of each other, the entire e-commerce process is not a replica of business activities in the physical world. Conditions such as online banking, online electronic payment and technologies such as data encryption and electronic signatures play an important and indispensable role in e-commerce.

There are two other categories:

B2A = Business to Administration (also known as B2G = Business to Government)

Business-to-Administration e-commerce refers to e-commerce activities that take place between businesses and government agencies. For example, the government publishes the details of its purchases on the Internet and invites bids through online bidding, and businesses are required to submit bids electronically.

This approach is still in the early experimental stage, but it is likely to develop very quickly, because the government can build up the image of the government in this way, and promote the development of e-commerce through demonstration. In addition, the government can also be implemented through this type of e-commerce on the management of administrative things, such as the government with e-commerce to issue import and export licenses, statistics, enterprises can be handled through the Internet to pay taxes and tax refunds and so on.

China's golden customs project is to establish China's foreign trade as the leading e-commerce framework and to promote all kinds of e-commerce activities in China through the e-commerce of commercial institutions to administrative institutions, such as the issuance of import and export licenses, export tax refunds, electronic customs clearance and so on.

C2A = Consumer to Administration (also known as C2G = Consumer to Government)

E-commerce from consumers to administrative organizations refers to e-commerce activities from government to individuals. This type of e-commerce activity has not really taken hold yet. However, in some developed countries, such as Australia, government tax agencies already file individual tax returns electronically by appointing private tax, or financial accounting firms. This type of activity has not yet reached true electronic filing of tax returns, but it has the beginnings of consumer-to-government e-commerce.

The government, with the development of business-to-consumer and business-to-administration e-commerce, will implement more comprehensive electronic services for individuals in the community. Various services provided by government departments to the taxpayers of the community, such as the payment of social welfare benefits, will be carried out online in the future.