A paper on developing economy

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements and created another miracle in the world economic history. The following is a model essay on economic development that I compiled for you. Welcome to read the reference!

On Economic Development 1 Characteristics and Turn of Current Economic Growth Mode in China

In recent years, stimulated by new market and new environment, China's economy has maintained an average annual growth rate of 10%. For such a high speed of economic growth, the eyes of the world have been focused on China's economic market. With the increasing economic growth rate in China, more and more people question the quality of China's economic growth, and the choice and transformation of China's economic growth mode has also been increasingly discussed. China's economic growth mode is still dominated by extensive economic, which is characterized by resource consumption, environmental pollution and low efficiency. Of course, the root of this feature lies in China's one-sided pursuit of extensive economic model, which has brought rapid economic growth. Looking at the tragic consequences of the American subprime mortgage crisis at the expense of the environment, China's economy should change the current economic growth mode, rationally combine production factors, economic technology and social environment, change the previous industrial structure, shorten the gap between industries, achieve stable and sustainable economic growth, start with institutional innovation and technological innovation, promote the steady economic growth of China, and gradually develop into an intensive economic growth mode, thus enhancing China's comprehensive economic strength. Therefore, this paper discusses the choice and transformation of China's economic growth mode, which makes the research results more practical and social.

First, the characteristics of the current mode of economic growth in China

Economic growth is a process of continuous accumulation of social material wealth, which can directly reflect the overall result of national and social economic growth and production trends. The mode of economic growth has obvious characteristics, which can be described as follows.

First of all, factor input accounts for a large proportion in economic growth. Since the reform and opening up, China's GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 9%, but the economic benefit index and labor productivity are relatively low. With what? Fifteen? For example, during this period, the average labor productivity increased by 65,438+0.65 and 438+0%, the total factor productivity (TFP) increased, and the efficiency of economic growth gradually declined.

Secondly, investment is not directly proportional to consumption. The contradiction between investment, export growth rate and consumption is still constant. China's domestic investment rate is among the best in the world, and the investment elasticity coefficient of the relationship between investment and GDP growth is gradually increasing. At the same time, exports also began to grow at a high speed. However, consumption, as another major role in promoting economic growth, is becoming slower and slower when the consumption rate is decreasing year by year. Economic growth depends too much on investment, resulting in low productivity, consuming a lot of energy, polluting the environment and stagnant consumption.

In addition, economic growth is at the expense of environment and resources. The utilization rate of resources in China is generally lower than that in developed countries, but the consumption intensity is increasing year by year. Judging from the current situation, China's energy consumption is about 10%, and the energy consumption of output value is increasing year by year. Of course, on the basis of excessive energy consumption growth, it will inevitably have a major impact on the environment. The increase in emissions of pollutants such as smoke, sulfur dioxide and solid waste has led to serious water pollution and air pollution.

Second, the basis for the choice of economic growth mode

Economic growth has different characteristics at each stage. Considering the national conditions of China, the economic environment is changing with each passing day. China's economic growth mode should also change with the change of the big market, abandon the traditional extensive economic growth mode, shorten the investment-driven stage and advocate the intensive economic growth mode. China's economy is in the transition period, and whether the choice of economic growth mode is correct is also a subject worthy of in-depth study.

(A) the principle of choice of economic growth mode.

1. Follow the principle. Following these principles is crucial to China's economic growth mode. The reasons can be summarized as follows: first, affirm the influence of technical factors on economic growth, attach importance to system and scientific and technological innovation, do a good job in implementing the concept of sustainable development and Scientific Outlook on Development, and enhance China's comprehensive strength; Secondly, understand the essential connotation of economic growth mode, fully mobilize the input and combination of various production factors, and fundamentally expand reproduction. The expansion of the production site means that the extension is expanded, and the improvement of production efficiency means that the connotation is expanded. Expanding reproduction is not a simple capital accumulation, but is separated from fixed capital to ensure the maximum benefit in other forms. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the quantity and quality of production factors and deeply study the great role brought by environment and opportunities. China's current national conditions determine the specific direction of economic development. Therefore, changing a single economic conclusion and integrating various economic factors will promote the transformation of China's economic growth mode from intensive growth mode.

2. Principles of system and technology. Economic development is closely related to system and science and technology, but technological innovation can not be used as a driving growth mode of economy, nor can it really realize the transformation from extensive production to intensive production.

Intensive production represents the input-output efficiency between production factors and technology, and technological innovation can only be a necessary condition rather than a prerequisite for intensive production. Therefore, on the basis of technological innovation, there should be a perfect economic system. Under this system, economic transformation can be realized through technical means and used in various fields through transformation channels, thus promoting China's production capacity.

In addition, the standardization system can optimize the ways and means of economic development, change the negative effects brought by current economic growth, rationally develop and utilize resources, and promote the sustainable development of China's economy.

(B) the objective basis for the choice of economic growth mode

1. is related to the stage of economic development.

How to choose and position the mode of economic growth depends on the level of social productive forces. As one of the modes of economic growth in the early stage of industrialization, the increase of capital accumulation and capital-labor ratio, through the extended reproduction mode of capital-intensive industries, contributed to the change of capital structure, leading to the decline of average profit rate and labor employment rate. After the rapid development of science and technology in the second industrial revolution, science and technology were widely used in various fields. In the era of industrialization, it gradually separated from the heavy industry economy and transformed into light industry, focusing on the light development of service industry, and the mode of economic growth began to undergo profound changes.

2. Associated with resources

Due to the different geographical location, resource allocation and economic development stage, the economic growth mode of different countries is very different. Resource endowment will affect what kind of economic growth model a country chooses. For example, in countries with abundant labor resources, labor-intensive industries are an important means of economic growth in this country. Under the background of economic globalization, the choice of China's economic growth mode should follow China's resource advantage more, and choose the economic growth mode according to Herschel Olin's theory of resource endowment and comparative advantage and China's comparative advantage.

Third, the transformation of China's economic growth mode.

(A) from extensive to intensive.

Although China has always advocated an intensive economic growth mode, extensive economic's growth mode still accounts for a large proportion, resulting in a serious waste of capital, energy, labor and scientific and technological achievements, making China's economy uncompetitive in the international economy. In recent years, the world is in a new process of industrial structure upgrading and industrial transformation. Actively participating in international market competition and owning high-tech and innovative products are powerful means of market competition. Extensive economic has been unable to meet the market demand, resulting in a serious waste of resources and lack of competitiveness. A large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources will stimulate economic growth in a given time, but it will not be a long-term development path. With the deepening of economic globalization, market economy competition has become the only way for China to enter the international market. In order to gain the initiative in international competition, national economic security should be effectively guaranteed. Therefore, the extensive mode of economic growth can no longer meet the needs of the times. The transformation of extensive economic's growth mode to intensive economic growth mode should attach importance to input-output benefits, expand reproduction on a large scale, reorganize the original industrial structure, technical structure, consumption fiber and structure, fully optimize the allocation of resources, and improve the efficiency and quality of national economic growth. At the same time, deepen the reform of the economic system, give full play to the role of the market economic system, make the market more orderly through benign competition, further allocate resources, and realize the optimization of workers, funds, products and structure.

(B) the change from material to knowledge

The economic growth mode based on traditional industry is based on natural resources, and the material economy is dominant. In the 2 1 century with such a high degree of informatization, knowledge economy has become the inevitable result of economic development. The traditional material economy is based on capital, equipment, resources and other forms. Under the condition of increasingly scarce natural resources, labor and capital, material economy is not feasible. Knowledge economy abandons traditional industries, takes high-tech industries as its pillar industries, and promotes economic growth through technological innovation. Throughout the developed countries, their economic growth depends on their technological advantages. On the one hand, technological progress I(II) ensures the quality of production factors, on the other hand, it often improves the quality of labor force and enhances the role of intellectual labor and knowledge labor in economic growth. Knowledge economy is the change of knowledge and innovation consciousness. China's economic growth mode should accelerate industrialization and informatization, and take industrialization as the basis and informatization as the means to complement and recommend each other. On the basis of vigorously developing and promoting technological innovation, China will speed up the informatization process, understand the process of changing from material type to knowledge type as soon as possible, truly adapt to the current economic growth in China, and promote the sustainable development of China's economy.

(3) Transform the industrial structure and optimize the allocation of resources.

Institutional innovation is an important way to promote the transformation of economic growth mode, and institutional and institutional factors seriously restrict the transformation of economic growth mode. The interest mechanism guides people's economic activities and resource allocation, which virtually promotes or hinders economic development. In addition, it also affects the changes of socio-economic structure and industrial structure. As the guiding force of social investment, the government, state-owned enterprises and state-controlled enterprises still occupy the economic boundary of China, which leads to the economic expansion of various places accompanied by investment expansion. At present, the transformation of economic growth mode should focus on the following aspects: first, reorganize the resources of state-owned enterprises, better transform and manage state-owned enterprises, and promote the benign development of state-owned enterprises; Second, the central government and its directly affiliated institutions should bear important responsibilities for the investment and bamboo management of state-owned enterprises; Second, government investment should follow market rules and manage state-owned enterprises in a market economy environment. As the leading force to regulate the economic market, the government should maximize the efficiency of resource allocation when controlling social resources. For non-state-owned enterprises, it is necessary to maintain unified management with state-owned enterprises, eliminate production methods with high energy consumption, high military skills and high pollution, and use market mechanisms and economic means to realize rational allocation of resources, so as to make the economy grow steadily. In a word, China is in a special period of economic transformation, and it is urgent to change the growth mode of extensive economic. Combined with China's national conditions, we should understand the characteristics of China's current economic growth, and take technological innovation, institutional innovation and structural adjustment as means to promote the transformation of economic growth mode to intensive.

On the development of economy. Analysis on the main problems and countermeasures in the development of forestry economy.

Abstract: In recent years, the proposal of sustainable development strategy has gradually become the main direction of the development of various industries in China. In the process of forestry economic development, there are some contradictions between forestry economy and sustainable development strategy due to the influence of various factors. In order to promote the development of China's forestry economy, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the current development of China's forestry economy, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and solutions.

Keywords: forestry economic development; Solutions; main problem

First, the main problems in the development of forestry economy in China

1. 1 The development of forestry economy in China needs to coordinate all aspects.

Forest resources are the foundation of forestry economic development, and whether the forestry economy can develop effectively is closely related to the distribution of forest resources, the types of tree species and the size of planting area. If the development of forestry economy is regarded as an industry, the size of forest area reflects the scale of forestry industry, the types of trees reflect the types of products managed by forestry industry, and the distribution of forest resources reflects the business scope of forestry industry. From this perspective, the development of forestry economy is multifaceted and urgently needs to be coordinated. Judging from the current situation, the problems that need to be solved urgently in dealing with forestry economy and forest resources in China mainly include the following aspects:

First of all, when developing forest resources in China, the investment in forestry economy is less, and large-scale forest resources development is still the mainstay, which seriously hinders the future development of China's forestry economy.

Secondly, when developing forest resources, too much attention is paid to the rapid development of forest resources, while the relationship between forest resources and forestry economy is ignored.

Finally, in the process of developing forestry economy, the blind pursuit of forestry economic interests has not clearly restricted the real reasons for forestry economic development. Judging from the current situation of China's forestry economic development, if the relationship between forestry economy and forest resources can be well coordinated, it will certainly accelerate the development of China's forestry economy and make it have a broader development space.

1.2 Constraints of China's Forestry Policy on Forestry Economic Development

In the process of economic and social development, forestry resources are not only used in the construction industry, but also play a very important role in ecological construction. As an industry, forestry economy must broaden its own business channels in the process of development. The current forestry policy is imperfect, involving many problems and loopholes, which seriously restricts the future development of China's forestry economy. Mainly in the following two aspects:

First of all, the problems existing in the management of forestry related departments. Judging from the current situation of China's forestry economic development, the proportion of individual contracting of forestry resources in China is quite large, and many individuals or business units lack understanding of relevant national policies. In the course of management, all kinds of deforestation are extremely common, and excessive logging in a large area also makes it difficult for forestry economy to achieve sustainable development. The reason is mainly due to the lack of clear and effective management methods in China's forestry management departments.

Secondly, there are problems in the funds of forestry-related departments. Eco-environmental protection is the theme of social development today. In order to meet the needs of the development of the times, most of the funds of forestry-related departments are spent on ecological environment protection, and less on forestry economic development. In the initial stage of economic development, capital investment is very important, and often the amount of capital investment determines the final output. Without the source of funds, the development of forestry economy is difficult, and it is useless to have a good economic development strategy in time.

1.3 There are contradictions between forestry economic development and sustainable development strategy.

If the development of forestry economy is regarded as an industry, then in order to maximize the benefits of forestry industry, we should increase the sales volume of products while expanding the sales channels of products. However, unlike other products, forestry resources are very important natural resources with long production cycle. Unrestricted felling of trees and the pursuit of maximizing the economic benefits of forestry industry will only lead to a sharp decline in the number of forestry resources and seriously affect the sustainable development of forestry resources. However, if it is strictly implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements of sustainable development, it is strictly forbidden to cut down and destroy forestry resources, which is not conducive to maximizing the economic benefits of forestry industry. From this perspective, there is a contradiction between the rapid development of forestry economy and the sustainable development strategy. How to solve the contradiction between them will be an important problem to be solved urgently in the future development of forestry economy in China.

Second, to solve the problems existing in China's forestry economic development

2. 1 Solve the problem of forestry economic development in China.

China is a country rich in forest resources, but because of its large population, its per capita possession is small. With the continuous development of economy and society, people's demand for forest resources is increasing, and the current forms of forestry economic development can no longer meet people's needs. Therefore, we must fundamentally reform the traditional forestry economic development system to promote the construction of forestry resources and the development of forestry economy. In order to solve the problem of insufficient investment in forestry economic development, in the process of China's forestry economic development, we can vigorously develop supporting business industries, make forestry-related departments and investors discover the future development potential of forestry economy, increase investment in forestry economy and forest resources construction, and properly adjust the relationship between forestry resources, development and economy, thus effectively promoting the development of forestry economy.

2.2 On the solution of forestry economic development policy

Judging from the current policies of forestry departments in China, there are not only many loopholes and problems, but also the basic requirements for the development of modern forestry economy and the potential and creativity of forestry economy in China cannot be brought into full play. Relevant departments should follow the spirit of seeking truth from facts and being brave in innovation when formulating forestry economic development policies, give priority to encouraging policies, and cultivate a good atmosphere for developing forestry economy. After the policy is formulated, it should be reviewed before use. It is also possible to verify the scientificity and rigor of the policy through pilot projects in some areas, and effectively solve the problems existing in the policy through auditing and testing the feedback information from the areas.

The introduction of forestry economic policy is not entirely for the service of forestry-related departments, its main purpose is to promote the development of forestry economy, improve the economic interests of forestry industry operators, increase their interest in operating forestry industry, and finally realize the dual development of forest resources and forestry economy, and promote the win-win situation of forestry-related departments and forestry industry operators. Therefore, we must give full play to the role of forestry industry operators and constantly enrich the funds needed for forestry economic development. To this end, the government can continue to increase publicity, adopt the way of attracting investment, and absorb as much social funds as possible for forestry economic development and construction. In addition, the state should also increase investment in forestry economic development and effectively control the development of forest resources.

2.3 Measures and methods to achieve sustainable development of forestry economy

In the traditional forestry economic development model, sustainable development and forestry economic development are contradictory. In order to develop rapidly, the forestry economy needs to cut down a lot of forest resources. As the basis of forestry economic development, once forest resources are cut down in a large area, there will be no forest to cut down in the future, which will make the forestry economy unable to develop in the long run. Therefore, in order to ensure the long-term development of forestry economy, scientific methods must be adopted to effectively plan the future development of forestry economy, so that China's forestry economy can gradually embark on the road of sustainable development. Specific measures mainly include the following aspects:

First of all, the sustainable development of forestry economy needs the help of science and technology. At present, the level of science and technology in China is developing rapidly. To realize the sustainable development of forestry economy in China, we must have strong scientific and technological support. With the input of scientific and technological forces, the basic and applied research of forestry economy in China has been deepened. Advanced science and technology need to rely on high-quality talents in order to be effectively used in practical work. Therefore, while introducing advanced science and technology, we should invite high-quality researchers to study the sustainable development of forestry economy and put the theoretical results into practice to test. After passing the test, it can be widely used in the whole country.

Secondly, to realize the sustainable development of forestry economy, we should take diversified development as the core. In order to realize the sustainable development of forestry economy, the current single forestry industrial structure is obviously unable to meet, and it is necessary to optimize the forestry industrial structure. Based on science and technology, supported by a strong capital chain, we will carry out deep processing of forest products and expand the development channels of forestry economy.

Three. Concluding remarks

To sum up, the sustainable development of forestry economy must have a sound system, good policies and strong financial support in order to solve the contradiction between forestry economic development and sustainable development. In the future development of forestry economy, in addition to paying attention to the above problems, it is necessary to increase the investment in advanced science and technology, introduce high-quality and high-level talents, and gradually expand the industrial structure of forestry economy, thus opening a new chapter for the development of forestry economy.

References:

Chen Ping. Thoughts and Countermeasures of Forestry Economic Development [J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2015,35 (14): 83.

[2] Hou Meiling. Analysis on the Problems and Countermeasures of Forestry Economy in Inner Mongolia [J]. China Forestry Industry, 20 16(05).