"Five Virtues Theory"

German philosopher Jaspers thinks that human beings have always relied on it? Axis culture? Survival and development. The axis culture of the Chinese nation, that is, maternal morality, was founded by Confucianism? Five virtues? Benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith? . Grasping its positive connotation and bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new is conducive to building the core values of the Chinese nation, and to the harmony between people's own body and mind, between people and nature, and between people and society.

Keywords: axis culture; ? Five virtues? ; sense of worth

Mr. Li suggested? Benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith? Are the five basic elements of the Chinese nation? German mother? 、? Kidd? . The author is convinced that the essence of Chinese culture is here, and the source of cultural strength for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is here.

First,? Axis era? An analysis of the traditional spiritual role of "teacher"

? Axis era? Discourse originated from the German existentialist philosopher Jaspers. He believes that all civilized countries in the world (such as ancient Greece, Indian, China and Israeli) have entered the so-called? Axis era? . Does this mean that all civilizations in this period? Breakthrough? Its primitive civilization was the premise, and it created the development direction of later civilizations, thus forming different cultural models. Therefore, this period is the turning point of human civilization and the axis and hub of various cultures. Human ideology and culture have not gone out of thousands of years ago. Axis era? Established the basic thinking paradigm. Jaspers believes that human beings have always lived by all the thinking and creation produced by the axis era, and every new leap is to look back at this period and be rekindled by it. ? [1] Therefore, it can be confirmed that civilizations produced in different axial periods have different sources of living water, different spiritual resources, different innovative abilities and different development trajectories. Compare historical time and space. Axis era? Is it the corresponding Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period? A hundred schools of thought contend? Period. The theory of a hundred schools of thought contending is the cultural crystallization of the Axial Age. The theory of a hundred schools of thought contend becomes the abscissa of China's axis culture, while Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius becomes its ordinate.

From the dichotomy of things and me to the unity of man and nature, modernization is not an elegy of contemporary Confucianism, but a cure for the disease of western modernity. In the cultural integration of globalization, there is no reason why we should not actively explore, interpret, transform, inherit and carry forward the essence of ethical culture since the Axial Age, so as to construct the core values of the Chinese nation. ? In the conflict and dialogue of various civilizations, people must reflect on and change their original value system, so as to pursue a more universal and sound civilized value. ? [2] Modern western culture is an abstract intellectualism culture, a culture that suppresses perceptual life, a culture of alienation, and a culture that lacks the highest part of human mind, that is, soul power. The personal principle it realizes is an abstract personal principle. The advanced social system it realizes is based on the abstraction between individuals. Contract rationality? For the principle of the system. From this perspective, modern western culture is not as good as China traditional culture.

Soul is the motive force of perceptual life spirit, which opens the realm of perceptual truth. Western culture has always lacked this realm. Therefore, it is wrong to compare the backwardness and advancement of Chinese and western cultures on a single scale, which is a lack of intellectual attitude. Of course, this mistake cannot be simply said to be due to ideas. The unified scale to measure the advanced nature of national culture is caused by the power of western capital to conquer the world. Therefore, this mistake comes from objective facts. Even today, with the lessons of modern history, we can see that transplanting western spirits can't solve the China problem, but few people are convinced? Westernization? This is a mistake. Talking about the superiority and brilliance of China's cultural spirit is still regarded as reactionary romanticism by many people. This situation has a long history. At first, Mr. Xiong Shili said this in his letter to Mr. Zhang. Only from Haitong, China was impacted by western forces, and the essence of middle school was destroyed with its vulgar disadvantages. Such as the beauty of garlic essence, it is a pity that it is spurned by its smell. ? [3]

China, as a late-developing modern developing country, is experiencing the infiltration of western theoretical values and the conflict and collision between Chinese and western cultures and values in the blending and collision of global cultures. There are obvious differences between Chinese and western ethical concepts grown up in different cultural backgrounds in terms of growth basis, humanistic environment and basic principles. Western values emphasize individual center, independent personality, democracy and legal system, utilitarianism, technicalism and innovative spirit; China's traditional ethics emphasizes the harmony between man and nature, the overall harmony, the supremacy of ethnic groups, the importance of righteousness over profit, and the supremacy of ethics. Since the Opium War, there has been a fierce collision between Chinese and Western cultures. Especially since the reform and opening up, the serious influence of western values has led to the serious disorder of ethical values and even the serious decline of morality in the process of modernization in China. Since the reform and opening up, China's GDP has increased at a rate of nearly 10%. The growth rate reached 10 in 2006. 7%, the total GDP has exceeded 2. 6 trillion dollars. Shortage economy no longer exists, high-rise buildings have sprung up all over the country, and consumer goods are dazzling and full of grades. However, our cultural values have encountered great embarrassment: traditional cultural values have been lost unconsciously, while the essence of western cultural values has not really been mastered. What are the moral standards of the Chinese nation? Five virtues? Benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith? Gradually lost, the western beliefs of freedom, equality and human rights have not been generally established; Traditional values such as the golden mean, harmony, learning from nature, loyalty and courage, and mysterious spirit are hard to find in our cultural and spiritual culture, but we still have a big gap with the West in science and technology, management and quality.

More and more responsible thinkers in the East and West believe that China's cultural ethics will shine brilliantly in solving the problems of global human development, harmonious development of human body and mind, harmonious development of man and nature, and harmonious development of man and society. Marx once pointed out: Man creates his own history, but it is not created at will, not under the conditions of his own choice, but under the conditions of direct encounter, which is established and inherited from the past. ? [4] The development of human history proves the scientific nature of Marx's assertion. German philosopher Heidegger thinks:? According to our human experience and history, all essential and great things can only be produced when people have families and are rooted in a tradition. ? [5] After comparing the rise and fall of all ancient civilizations and empires, the famous historian Pang Zhuoheng found that among these ancient civilizations and empires, only the Chinese Empire has maintained a sustained and developing trend in the economic, political and cultural systems for more than 2,000 years.

In view of this, under the background of globalization, we should consciously stick to what is precious to the Chinese nation? Moral home? And its spiritual value, consciously dialogue with different civilizations and traditions in the world, so that the national moral tradition can be more rationally integrated into the treasure house of human civilization and get a new life. This is not only the conscious appeal of the times, but also the mission of creating brilliant human culture in the coming second axis era of human culture. Return to the original and bring forth the new. Without the rapid development of culture, we will have no virtue and creativity, no ideal of life, and our happiness will only stay in the satisfaction of material desires. Therefore, it is believed that it will become a universal demand to revive Chinese culture, find a spiritual home for China people to settle down and build the core value system of Chinese national identity.

Second, the five virtues of the Chinese nation? Understanding of ...

What are the core values of China traditional culture with a long history and many classics? Benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith? .

Say benevolence. Benevolence refers to morality, which is the core category of Confucian morality. What did Confucius say in The Analects of Confucius? Ren? There are three meanings: one is? Lover? :? Ask Ren. Confucius said:? Lover? ("The Analects? Yan Yuan "). And second? Loyalty and forgiveness? Tolerance means harmony. Like what? If you want to be a man standing, you want to reach out and be a man. Can make a close analogy, it can be said that the benevolent side has also been? ("The Analects? Yong also "). The third is to draw a moral bottom line, that is? Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you? ("The Analects? Yan Yuan "). Among them,? Lover? what's up Ren? The essential connotation of. ? Lover? With what? Kissing? Based on what? Loyalty and forgiveness? As the core, it is the essential stipulation of human beings. You want to stand up and be a man, you want to touch someone? Is it? Ren? The highest realm. Confucius believes that the way for rulers to implement benevolent policies is to have enough food and soldiers to win the trust of the people. Mencius further explored ways to implement benevolent policies, and he conceived a series of ideas? Merciful measures? First, restore the mining fields, demarcate serious boundaries, divide the fields, and make the land profitable, so that the people can? Go in and out to be friends, watch and help each other, support each other through illness and death, and the people will be close? ("The Analects? Yong also "). The second is to control people's continuous production, stability and perseverance. Let the people have a certain industry. I want to make my back enough to serve my parents and my wife. I want to be satisfied with life in happy years and avoid death in fierce years? ("Mencius? Liang Xia). Third, can the living conditions of ordinary people be achieved? Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; One hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, can a family of eight be hungry? [1 1]. Fourth, the benevolent must be poor first. ? Old people and old people; Young people, young people, young people; The world is in your hands. ? It is argued that history should first take care of the weakest and most vulnerable groups, such as widows, widowers, orphans, widowers, etc., because they are divorced from the well-field system and are poor and helpless. Caring for the disadvantaged groups not only solves the survival crisis of the disadvantaged groups, but also eliminates the most prominent contradictions for social harmony and builds a harmonious social foundation. Five is? Not a killer? What will happen to all the people in such a country? Have a look? Like a flood flowing downwards, no one can stop it.

Second, righteousness. Righteousness is mainly aimed at the level of personal cultivation, and its core is to restrain one's own desires to meet the requirements of etiquette. Duan Yucai said in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu:? Righteousness is the essence of self-cultivation, courtesy and ability. It is good to be polite. So King Wen, what I told Mao Chuan was benevolence and righteousness. So is outward bound training. ? [6] The Doctrine of the Mean explains:? Just people should also be just. ? [7]? Is it suitable? It is something that should be done, and it is the responsibility and obligation as a member of society. The Analects of Confucius? Liren said:? A gentleman in the world has no comfort, no Mo Ye, and no comparison between benevolence and righteousness. ? In traditional culture, righteousness has the meanings of self-denial, kindness, loyalty and filial piety, honesty and equality.

Three rituals. Ceremony is a system and a norm. Li listed 252 explanations in the Collection of Old Training, the essence of which is the most appropriate code of conduct between people. ? Courtesy is also reasonable. ? [8]? A gift? As such a kind of rules and regulations and rules of people's behavior, it has the function of overcoming the chaotic social state. If members of the society abide by the etiquette system, respect each other, be humble to each other, get their places and do their jobs, the society may move towards stability and order, that is, achieve social harmony. On the contrary, it will cause social chaos. As Xunzi said:? Rituals, people's shoes are also drowned. What's the ceremony for those who lose a little and make a mess? ("Xunzi? Rough ").

Four words of wisdom. In terms of learning and seeking knowledge, Confucius believes that knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also. ? He also pointed out:? Learning is close to knowledge, doing is close to benevolence, and knowing shame is close to courage. Knowing the three, you will know how to cultivate yourself; If you know how to cultivate yourself, you will know how to treat people; If you know how to govern the people, you will know how to govern the country. Mean). Therefore, intellectual attention means wisdom and cleverness; Wit, strategy; Knowledge; I see. It can also be interpreted as knowing yourself and yourself, knowing people and being good at their duties, and being good at government.

Five letters. That is, honesty and trustworthiness, keeping promises, and fulfilling promises in action. Confucius said:? Keep your word and be respectful, although it is quite national; Words are disloyal, behavior is disrespectful, although the state is good? ? ] It means that if you are honest and trustworthy, you can go to Wan Li without any difficulty; If you don't keep your word and do things honestly, you can't move a step. Zi Gong asked Confucius how the rulers should govern their political affairs. Confucius said: There are enough food and enough soldiers, and the people believe. ? Zi Gong said:? If you have to go, which one will come first? ? Say: To the army. ? Zi Gong said:? If you have to go, what comes first? ? Say: Go to eat, since ancient times, people have died, and people have no faith. ? It can be seen that Confucius believes that winning the trust of the people is the basic condition for handling political affairs and governing the country, and it is a major event related to the life and death of the country.

Third,? Five virtues? Docking with the core values of contemporary China

Right? Five virtues? Intellectuals who understand and explain, have in-depth research on China's traditional culture and are deeply concerned about the fate of their own nation have the responsibility to bring forth the old and bring forth the new and give new positive significance to traditional culture in the present era. Tradition Five virtues? And what contemporary China advocates? Eight honors and eight disgraces? Can our socialist values constitute a dialogue relationship? Answer: Absolutely.

From the content, Jane? That is, taking the interests of the people as the core, being proud of loving the motherland and being ashamed of endangering the motherland. Be proud of serving the people and be ashamed of deviating from the people. We are proud of unity and mutual assistance, and ashamed of harming others and benefiting ourselves. Throughout the ages, those who love the country and the people are honored, and those who bring disaster to the country and the people are ashamed. Are you online? Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later? 、? Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world? 、? Listening to Zhu Xiao Jr. in Yazhai's bedroom, I suspect that it is the voice of people's sufferings? This kind of philosophical epigram is full of patriotism and humanistic spirit, which is a powerful spiritual force to promote national unity and rejuvenation, and an effective way to enhance people's patriotism and sense of responsibility for rejuvenating the country. Righteousness is based on fairness and justice, proud of hard work, ashamed of leisure, and ashamed of hating work. Proud of hard work, ashamed of arrogance and extravagance. ? Born in sorrow, died in happiness? 、? Worrying about the country and the people, surviving? 、? Difficulties and hardships, jade, have you become? 、? Looking at the sages and families of the past, from frugality to extravagance? . Striving for and safeguarding national interests and people's interests through hard struggle is the great significance contained in these philosophical discourses and will never change. In today's China, hard work is not only the guarantee to achieve national independence and people's liberation, but also the inevitable requirement to achieve national prosperity and people's prosperity. A gift? Be proud of obeying the law and discipline, and be ashamed of breaking the law and discipline. Of course, today's rule of courtesy is not a feudal stereotype, but on the premise that everyone is equal before the law, the rule of virtue and the rule of law complement each other and promote each other. Wisdom? Proud of advocating science and ashamed of ignorance. Today, the establishment of China's strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education is to open up the wisdom of the people and turn the huge population pressure into a powerful human resource advantage in global competition. Letter? Be proud of honesty and trustworthiness, and be ashamed of forgetting righteousness. There is no lack of judging people in officialdom now? Trading power and money? , market? Evil deal? In the field of life? Immoral intercourse? In fact, it is to gain improper benefits at the expense of moral integrity, that is, to gain personal improper benefits at the expense of social interests. ? A promise is a promise? 、? A promise is a promise, a promise is a promise? These idioms show that honesty and trustworthiness are the moral principles of life that everyone should abide by since ancient times, the internal psychological quality and strong self-control of individuals, and the legitimate choice for people to fulfill their commitments and abide by established social rules and develop in the right direction.

Heidegger once imagined:? Will one day? Ideas? Will Russia and China awaken some old traditions to help people establish a free relationship with the technological world? Can any of us make an assertion about this? ? [9] In my opinion, the achievements made in the practice of building a harmonious socialist society by people-oriented Scientific Outlook on Development Theory and China's * * * Production Party are convincing answers to Heidegger's prediction. Find a home for human mind and soul. Where is the home? Five virtues? ; Who is intelligent key who opens the door to harmony between man's own body and mind, between man and nature, and between man and society? Five virtues? .

References:

[1] Jaspers: The Origin and Goal of History, Huaxia Publishing House, 1989, p. 94.

[2] Fan Hao: "The Value Ecology of Ethical Spirit", China Social Sciences Press, 200 1, p.1.

[3] Xiong Shili: An Introduction to Shili Language, Liaoning Education Press, 1997, p. 60.

[4] Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume/kloc-0, People's Publishing House, 1 995, p. 585.

[5] [9] Selected Works of Heidegger, Bookstore, 1996, p. 1305, 13 12.

[6] Xu Shen: Shuowen Jiezi, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 198 1 Edition, p. 633.

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[7] [8] Ruan Yuan: Notes to the Thirteen Classics, Zhonghua Book Company, 1980, p. 16 14, 16 14.