What are the common methods of kindergarten education and teaching?

Commonly used teaching methods generally include observation, activity, situational teaching, comparison, questioning method, lecture and so on. Whether the teaching methods of kindergartens are used well or not directly affects the teaching quality of kindergartens. Let's take a look at these common methods and precautions.

Observation method

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Teachers purposefully and systematically guide children to use visual, auditory, taste, smell and other senses to perceive the selected objective things and phenomena, so that they can gain perceptual experience and gradually form conceptual methods on this basis. When using the observation method, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. At the beginning of observation, teachers should put forward the purpose of observation to children, arouse children's interest in observation by setting questions, let children observe freely first, allow them to talk to each other, encourage them to find problems and ask questions. 2. In the process of observation, teachers should give full play to the guiding role of language and gestures, start from children's interest points, inspire children to perceive and describe the observed objects from different aspects, and learn the methods of observation. ? 3. At the end of the observation, it is necessary to sum up the impression of observation and let the children further consolidate and organize the observed knowledge.

Activity method

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Activity method is a teaching method that pays attention to children's practical activities. It means that teachers guide children to practice, explore and discover by creating situations or providing materials in the process of teaching activities. The common activity methods in kindergartens are mainly game method and experiment method.

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Game method refers to the way that teachers organize children's learning by playing games. Precautions are as follows:

1. Games can be regarded as a link in teaching activities or run through the whole teaching activities.

2. The selected game objectives and rules should meet the educational requirements.

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The experimental method is that teachers provide some instruments and equipment to encourage children to observe and find out the reasons for the changes in the experimental process and verify their ideas through hands-on operation. There are several points to note: 1, and pay attention to the safety of the experiment. 2. Teachers should first operate the experiment, form a perfect experimental guidance scheme, observe the whole process of children's experiments, give targeted guidance, and promote children's sense of accomplishment in the experimental process.

3. During the experiment, teachers should pay attention to let every child participate in the experiment, and after the experiment, they should pay attention to guiding the children to summarize the experimental results.

situational teaching method

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Situational teaching method is that teachers set a concrete, vivid and vivid learning scene for children in the teaching process, and let children completely immerse themselves in this scene through appropriate ways, so that children can learn effectively under the constant inspiration of this scene. However, it should be noted that children must immerse themselves in the scene, observe, perceive, operate and experience in the scene, and produce emotions such as joy or sadness, love or hate, joy or anger under the infection of specific situations. When designing a scene, be novel, something fresh can attract children's attention and easily arouse children's curiosity. The design of content should be practical, and the designed scene should be able to achieve effective goals.

comparative law

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Comparative method is to let children compare two or more objects and find out their similarities and differences in quantity, quality and shape. Through analysis, comparison, judgment and thinking, we can understand things more accurately, carefully and completely and form concepts. For example, recognize figures (squares, rectangles) and compare the lengths of two pencils. It can also be divided into overall comparison and decomposition comparison. Overall comparison is to compare two or more things as a whole and find out their similarities, opposites and similarities. Decomposition comparison is to compare two kinds of objects one by one locally. In the process of using comparison method, we should pay attention to: 1, guide children to observe and compare carefully, and guide children to compare with enlightening questions.

Questioning method

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Questioning method is one of the most commonly used teaching methods in children's teaching, and it is the main method to guide children to observe and learn. 1, descriptive question: prompt children to observe and describe things in detail, such as "What is the woodpecker you see?" . 2. Comparison questions: inspire children to compare the similarities and differences of things, such as "What is the difference between a square and a rectangle?" . 3. Ask questions by type: Ask questions that inspire children to think conceptually, such as "Which kind do you think oranges belong to, dried fruit or fruit?"

Teaching method

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The demonstration method of explanation is a teaching method in which teachers directly show teaching AIDS to children, and with oral explanation, abstract knowledge, skills or laws such as number, quantity and shape are presented in detail. The characteristic of this method is to demonstrate while explaining, which can help children overcome difficulties, guide their thinking and make new explorations independently. However, in the process of explanation, we should pay attention to the key points, the language should be concise and easy to understand, and the teaching AIDS for demonstration should be familiar to children.