What is the waterway of wood?

A way to transport wood by water. Before 2 1 century BC, people knew to use the buoyancy of wood and the power of water flow to transport wood. Most of the timber used to build palaces, temples and houses in ancient China was transported in this way. There are many rivers in our country, which are intertwined vertically and horizontally, forming a very convenient waterway transportation network. There are abundant forest resources in the upper reaches of rivers, which is a favorable condition for the development of timber water transportation. Compared with wood land transportation, wood water transportation has the advantages of less capital investment, energy saving, low transportation cost and large volume. However, due to the influence of meteorological, hydrological and other natural conditions, timber water transportation has certain seasonality.

There are three ways to transport timber by water: single bleaching, row transportation and shipping (see timber transportation). ① Single-drift transportation: push a single log or log that can float into the river from the river bank and transport it from upstream to downstream with the help of hydrodynamic force. Generally, small and medium-sized rivers that are not navigable adopt this mode of water transport. (2) Transportation: logs (logs or logs) are connected into rafts by rigging for transportation. It is easier to operate and control than single bleached wood. In the small rivers in mountainous areas, small and light rafts are artificially released; In rivers, lakes and seas, they are woven into large rafts and towed by tugboats. (3) Shipping: The proportion in timber shipping is not large, but it will gradually increase with the development of shipbuilding. The freight rate of seaborne timber is higher than that of platoon transportation, but the transportation speed of seaborne timber is faster than that of platoon transportation, and it is safe and not easy to lose. (see wooden boat sailing on water)

For the smooth transportation of timber in the river, it is necessary to rectify the river, remove obstacles in the river, and set up necessary engineering buildings, such as induction facilities, dam works, artificial channels, etc. (See river regulation and river regulation engineering buildings). In addition, in order to meet the needs of water operation, productive engineering buildings such as sheepfolds and river banks are set up in necessary sections (see floating project).

In addition to some engineering facilities, there are a large number of mechanical equipment, such as arranger, dismounter, combiner, water selection conveyor, dam crossing machine, barge, tugboat and so on.

The southern provinces (regions) in China have dense rivers, abundant rainfall and abundant water resources, and forest resources are mostly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of rivers. Therefore, the development of timber water transport in the south is suitable for China's national conditions and conforms to the principle of improving the economic benefits of the whole society. Among several ways of waterway timber transportation, single drift transportation has some problems, such as strong seasonality, long flow period and easy loss of timber on the way, and it will interfere with shipping, and will gradually decrease in the future, and the emissions, especially shipping, will increase year by year.