The traditional culture at the time of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Luo Guanzhong Luo Guanzhong (1330-1400), named Guanzhong, also known as Huhai Sanren.

A famous novelist and dramatist in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, he was the originator of Chinese chapter novels.

He wrote quite a lot throughout his life, and his main works include: the scripts "Chao Taizu Dragon and Tiger Meeting", "The Loyal and Dutiful Son's Continuous Remonstrance", "Sanping Zhang Die Cries Fei Huzi"; the novels "The Chronicles of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", "The Romance of the Remaining Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties",

"Three Sui Ping Yao Zhuan", "Pink House", "Water Margin" co-authored with Shi Naian, the representative work "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", etc.

Luo Guanzhong was born in the feudal dynasty at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.

As an opera writer who was associated with "promoting excellence" and "prostitution", he was regarded as a low-ranking person at that time, and it was impossible for official history to write a biography for him.

The only thing that can be seen is a pamphlet "The Sequel to the Book of Ghost Records" compiled by an unknown person in the Ming Dynasty, which reads: "Luo Guanzhong, a native of Taiyuan, was named Huhai Sanren. He was a few people, and the lingo of Yuefu was extremely refreshing. With Yu

For the sake of forgetting our friendship, we have been separated for many years. We met again at Zhengjiachen, and we did not know where we ended up after more than sixty years." However, Luo Guanzhong's profoundness is reflected in his handed down work "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

Talent, the spirit of heaven and earth.

He is proficient in military science, psychology, strategic planning, public relations, and talent science... Without superhuman wisdom, rich practice, and persistent pursuit, how could he become such an all-rounder?

He advocates national reunification, loves the Chinese nation, promotes the traditional virtues of the nation, and hates treachery and evil.

In "History of the Remaining Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties", we see Luo Guanzhong's noble sentiments of being attached to his homeland, remembering the heroes, and caring about the country and the people. He wrote emotionally: The poplars are rising in the west wind on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and Qinzhou's filial piety is hurt.

The flowers and plants of Jinzhong cover the secluded path, and the mountains and rivers of Tang Dynasty surround the setting sun.

Crow Valley is lonely when all nests are destroyed, and dust roads in Bingzhou are always desolate.

The poem is full of sadness, and once the poem was broken, the heart was broken.

For a long time, Chinese academic circles have had many opinions on the origin of Luo Guanzhong, the author of the classic novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", such as the Shanxi Taiyuan theory, the Shandong Dongyuan theory, the Zhejiang Qiantang theory, the Zhejiang Cixi theory, etc.

More than 20 years of academic debate have yet to reach a conclusion.

Meng Fanren, who has made many achievements in the field of Chinese classical literature and history, after more than 20 years of painstaking research, believes that the historical materials "Lu Guibo Sequel" discovered in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties in China related to Luo Guanzhong being from Taiyuan, as well as Luo's alias, personality, and works.

, whereabouts and other records are important information for determining Luo Guanzhong’s place of origin.

The "Luo Family Tree" and Luo descendants he discovered in Qingxu County, Taiyuan City, were verified to come from the "Five Dynasties and Later Tang Dynasty" when the Luo family lived here.

Luo Guanzhong's original name was "Luo Caiben", later he was shortened to "Luo Ben" and his courtesy name was "Guanzhong".

This "Luo Family Genealogy" was first compiled in the first year of Longqing of Mu Zong in the Ming Dynasty. It has been revised many times and has been preserved to this day by Luo Lizhong, the 22nd descendant of the Luo family.

A large amount of relevant historical data confirms that Luo Guanzhong's native place is undoubtedly Qingxu, Taiyuan.

Meng Fanren read Luo Guanzhong's works such as "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" repeatedly and carefully, and found that these works contained many storylines of the author, including a large number of dialects and slang unique to the Qingxu area, which further convinced him of his conclusion.

He also studied the historical materials of the "Jinyang Ancient City" site in the suburbs of Taiyuan and verified that Yao of the ancient Tang Dynasty first moved to Taiyuan and named it "Tang City".

Before 497 BC, Jin Anyu rebuilt Jinyang; the Li Tang Dynasty raised troops in Taiyuan to establish the "Tang Dynasty"; and a series of major historical events such as the destruction of Taiyuan City by brothers Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Kuangyi in the early Northern Song Dynasty, as well as their influence on Luo Guanzhong's literary creation, etc., confirmed

My own discovery of Luo’s place of origin.

Luo Guanzhong's creative talents are multifaceted.

He wrote Yuefu lingo and operas, but his main achievements were novels.

Regarding his novels, "Remnants of a Tour to the West Lake" states that he "compiled dozens of novels", and it is also said that he wrote "The Romance of Seventeen Histories".

The extant works signed by Luo Guanzhong include, in addition to "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "The Chronicles of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", "The Romance of the End of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties" and "The Legend of Sansui Pingyao".

Among these works, "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has the highest achievement.

The whole book uses a grand structure to describe the complex political and military struggles during the Three Kingdoms period, starting with the Yellow Turban Rebellion and ending with the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty.

The work denounced the cruelty and ugliness of the rulers, reflected the people's pain and yearning for Qingming politics and benevolent kings in turbulent times, and reflected the clear tendency of "supporting Liu and opposing Cao".

"The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is "not very profound in writing and not very vulgar in language", and its language is concise, bright and vivid.

It naturally combines history and literature, has realistic depictions, and is full of romantic legend.

The earliest extant edition of Luo Guanzhong's "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the Jiajing edition, and the most popular edition is the revised edition by Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang in the Qing Dynasty.

In addition to novel creation, Jia Zhongming's "Sequel to the Book of Ghost Records" said that his "Yuefu lingo is extremely refreshing."

His existing opera works include the drama "Zhao Taizu's Dragon and Tiger Meeting".

The basic idea of ??the drama is similar to that of "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms". It describes the close relationship between the monarch and his ministers, and hopes to end the tragic situation caused by the struggle for hegemony between traitors and heroes through "uprightness of the three cardinal principles and respect for the five constant principles".

Evaluation: At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, my country's novel creation entered a new period, especially the chapter novels entered a stage of perfection.

China's first chapter-style classical novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which is the most widely circulated, the most influential, the highest achievement and the most ambitious, is through the outstanding novelist who lived in this historical period - Luo Guanzhong

The rafter pen was born and became popular in the world.

He made indelible and great contributions in the history of literary development in our country.