What do obscurantism, asceticism, humanism and romanticism mean respectively?

Idealism opposes reason and science. He believes that all kinds of evils in human society are the result of the development of civilization and science, and advocates returning to the primitive state of ignorance. It denies people's rational thinking ability, scientific knowledge, or promotes agnosticism.

Abstinence refers to a life characterized by being far away from worldly pleasures (also called asceticism). People who practice asceticism usually feel that what they do has noble moral sentiments, and they constantly pursue this kind of life to reach a higher spiritual realm.

Humanism: it is the ideological system, world outlook or ideological weapon formed by the emerging bourgeoisie in the struggle against feudalism and church in the Renaissance, and it is also the central idea of bourgeois progressive literature in this period. It advocates that everything is people-oriented, opposes the authority of God, and liberates people from the shackles of medieval theology. Advocating personality liberation and pursuing happiness in real life: pursuing freedom and equality and opposing hierarchy; Advocate rationality and oppose ignorance.

Romanticism is one of the basic creative methods of literature and art, and together with realism, it constitutes the two mainstream ideological trends of literature and art. Romanticism, as a creative method, pays attention to the subjective inner world while reflecting the objective reality, expresses the passionate pursuit of the ideal world, and often uses passionate language, magnificent imagination and exaggerated techniques to create images. Romantic creative tendency has a long history. As early as the oral creation period of human literature and art, some works had romantic factors and characteristics to varying degrees, but romanticism at this time neither formed a trend of thought nor was it a creative method that people consciously mastered.

Many intellectuals and historians regard romanticism as a rebound to the Enlightenment and a reflection on the Enlightenment era. Thinkers in the Enlightenment emphasized the absoluteness of deductive reasoning, while romanticism emphasized intuition, imagination and feeling, even to the point where some people criticized it as "irrationalism".