Who is the Duke of Zhou in History

The Duke of Zhou is an extremely important figure in the history of Chinese culture. When we talk about Chinese traditional rituals and music culture, we can't leave the Duke of Zhou without talking about the culture of human beings. More importantly, the Duke of Zhou made a unique contribution to the formation and development of the traditional Chinese cultural value system. The Duke of Zhou, surnamed Ji and named Dan, was the son of King Wen of Zhou, the brother of King Wu of Zhou, and the uncle of King Cheng of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou made a great contribution to Chinese culture by making rites and music. Xia Zengyou, a famous modern historian, said, "Before Confucius, after the Yellow Emperor, the Duke of Zhou was the only one who had much to do with China." From the Yellow Emperor to Confucius, Yao, Shun, Yu, and Tang, as well as the Duke of Zhou's father, King Wen, and brother, King Wu, were all ancient saints and kings who pushed history forward in the past 2,000 years, so why is it said that only the Duke of Zhou had a great deal to do with China? It turns out that, from the perspective of Chinese culture, the Duke of Zhou made the rites and music, borrowed from the Xia and Shang dynasties, made some choices, and developed, and pushed the rites and music culture of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties to the peak of development. That is why Confucius heartily praised: "Zhou supervised in the second generation, Yuyuwenya, I am from Zhou". Ritual and music culture is the first complete cultural form that appeared in China's five thousand years of cultural history, and the Duke of Zhou is the most important creator of ritual and music culture. Ritual and music culture directly nurtured Confucian culture, which jumped into the mainstream of Chinese culture in the era of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. If we divide the 5,000 years of Chinese cultural history into two phases (each of which lasted more than 2,000 years), we can say that the Duke of Zhou was the representative figure of ritual and music culture in the first 2,000 years, and Confucius was the representative figure of Confucian culture in the second 2,000 years. It is generally believed that the Duke of Zhou made the rituals and music in the sixth year of his regency, and in the seventh year, he returned to King Cheng and withdrew from the stage of supreme power. In fact, the system of rites and songs can not be completed in one year, it is likely that the Duke of Zhou from the sixth year of his regency began to work, and in the beginning of this year to set the scale, the framework, and then gradually enrich, improve, perfect, so that the charm of the big ready, and achieve the utmost prosperity. "Zhou Road to the four, the rites and music traffic", is a reflection of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Ritual culture is a kind of institutional culture, its basic feature is that, with the rites as the foundation and core of the social order, Ming noble and lowly, discerning the rank, the right name, all people and things have to follow the norms and guidelines of the rites. There are five types of rites: auspicious rites, bad rites, guest rites, military rites, and ceremonial rites. The five rituals have a variety of programs, there are "three hundred rituals, three thousand rituals", basically covering all aspects of the country, society and people's lives. Music, usually in conjunction with the ceremony, what kind of ceremony, with what kind of music. Rites and music with, the quality and refinement, both good and beautiful, showing a great mature civilization has the harmony and elegance. The Duke of Zhou made the rites and music, there is a basic guiding ideology, that is, "respect for virtue and protection of the people". The reason for "honoring virtue" is that "Heaven has no relatives, but virtue is a complement", and only with virtue can we get the blessing of heaven. To "protect the people" is because "the people's desires will be obeyed by heaven", and to "protect the people" is actually to protect the gods of earth and grain and the country. The Duke of Zhou's proposal of "honoring virtue and protecting the people" is a major shift in Chinese thought since the Xia and Shang dynasties, from honoring ghosts and gods to valuing human resources. The Duke of Zhou, named Dan, was the son of King Wen and the brother of King Wu. He was a statesman and thinker in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. He was called the Duke of Zhou because he took the place where King Tai of Zhou lived as his cognizance. Since childhood, the Duke of Zhou practiced benevolence and filial piety and was versatile. When King Wen was in power, he was different from his sons in terms of filial piety and benevolence; when King Wu came to the throne, he assisted him with his loyalty. Once, when King Wu was sick, his ministers were worried and asked for help from the late king. "The Duke of Zhou then took himself as a hostage, set up three altars, the Duke of Zhou stood on the north side, wore a bik and held a kuai, and told the King of Tai, the King of Ji, and the King of Wen." He was willing to substitute himself for King Wu's body, and claimed, "Dan Qiao Neng, multi-talented, able to serve the ghosts and gods." When King Wu died and King Cheng was in his infancy, the Duke of Zhou resolutely took up the burden of "taking care of the administration of the country" and taught and guided King Cheng. The Duke of Zhou spent his whole life in assisting the state. What Confucius pursued in his life was exactly the cause of the Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou's political thought of "honoring virtue and protecting the people" is the direct source of Confucian political thought. An important concept in Confucian thought and doctrine, "propriety", also originated from the Duke of Zhou. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, people have often referred to Zhou and Confucius together. Tang Han Yu included Zhou Gong as one of the key figures of Confucianism. Zhou Gong's interpretation of dreams is our ancient cultural heritage is the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people, although it is difficult to reach the hall of elegance, but in the folk but widely circulated. Everyone has to dream, and the dream of the human soul and the human, with which it comes and goes, accompanied by a person's life. As long as the thinking ability of the human brain is still there, the dream will be long-lasting. Dreaming is not divided into noble and lowly, not divided into young and old, not divided into honorable and lowly, not divided into male and female, not divided into Chinese and foreign, only the content of the dream is different. Dreams are like human figures, both commonplace, but also mysterious, both vague, but also real and visible. If you say that the dream is an illusion, but the dream of the characters and events, after waking up are all vivid; if you say that the dream is a real performance, but after waking up, it is difficult to find with the dream of the characters and events exactly the same person. Sometimes, when we think about something in the day, we dream about it at night; sometimes, when we see it in the dream, we meet it in the day. The mystery of dream is so, our ancestors also know it, that is, produce dream culture. Dream culture is an important and indispensable part of ancient Chinese culture, although it is difficult to reach the hall of elegance, but in the folk but widely circulated, "Zhou Gong Dream Interpretation" that is circulating in the folk book of dream interpretation. In the history of magic, it is difficult to find the art of dream interpretation, listed here, only because the dream culture is very popular in the folk, and can be predicted from the dream of good and bad luck. According to the different contents of the dream, the ancients divided the dream into the following fifteen categories: straight dream, i.e., dreaming of what will happen to the social so, dreaming of who will see who. People's dreams are symbolic, some implicit, some direct exposure, the latter is a straight dream. If you have a friend and you don't see him afterward, you can dream about him at night and see him in the daytime, and this is a straight dream. Elephant dream That is, the meaning of the dream is expressed in the dream content through symbolic means. Everything we dream of is expressed through symbolism. When you dream of reaching for the sky, you can't reach for the sky, but the sky has a symbolic meaning. For example, the sky symbolizes masculinity, dignity, and empire; the earth symbolizes femininity, motherhood, and fertility, and so on. Yin Dreams Dreams due to the stimulation of the five senses during sleep. "If you are strong in yin energy, you will dream of being involved in great water; if you are strong in yang energy, you will dream of being involved in great fire; if you sleep with a belt, you will dream of snakes; if you sleep with a bird in your hair, you will dream of flying", which means that it is due to dreaming. Thinking of dreams Dreams are dreams made by intention, which are the products of inner spiritual activities, and are usually referred to as "daydreaming and nightdreaming", i.e. thinking of dreams. Dreams caused by the mental state, dreams made by concentrating on the mind, a kind of dream close to the dream of wanting to dream. Sex dreams are dreams caused by the differences in human temperament, likes and dislikes. Sex dreams are not about the cause of the dream, but about the dreamer's attitude toward the dream. Human dreams Human dreams are dreams in which the same dream has different meanings for different people. Sensory Dreams Dreams caused by climatic factors are sensory dreams. Dreams caused by climatic factors are called sense dreams, i.e., dreams caused by external climatic factors. Seasonal Dreams Seasonal dreams are caused by seasonal factors. "Spring dreams occur, summer dreams are bright, fall and winter dreams are ripe and hidden, this is called the dream of the time" Anti-dreams Anti-dreams are the opposite of the dream, the yin pole is lucky, the yang pole is bad, so called anti-dreams. In the folk dream interpretation, often have a dream made and the fact that the opposite said, in the canonical books of all times, but also more than the reverse dream of the records, idioms, there is also a beautiful dream of yellow beam allusion, Tang Dynasty, Shen Shiji "Pillow in the book". Shen Shimoji "Pillow in the record", said Lu Sheng in a dream to enjoy all the glory and wealth, woke up, steamed sorghum rice is not yet cooked, only to fall into a void. It can be seen that anti-dreaming occupies a large proportion in human dreams. Dreams of the book is also known as dreams of trust, this kind of dream in the ancient books also have a lot of records. It is believed that the gods or ancestors will foretell us good or bad luck or misfortune through dreams. Sending dreams means that A's good fortune or misfortune appears in B's dream, and B's good fortune or misfortune appears in A's dream, or the same dream is sent from a different place. Sent dreams are dreams that are formed due to the induction between people. Transient Dreams Transient dreams are dreams with changing contents. Sick dreams Sick dreams are dreams of human illnesses, which are caused by the imbalance of yin and yang and the five elements of the human body from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ghost dreams are nightmares, which are horrible and scary dreams. Ghost dreams are mostly caused by sleeping in an incorrect position or due to some physical lesions.