Tell a story about the Spring Festival 10.

In ancient times, there was a fierce monster scattered in the mountains. People call them nian. Its appearance is ferocious, its nature is ferocious, and it specializes in eating birds, animals and insects. It changes its taste every day, from kowtowing insects to living people, which makes people talk about "Nian". Later, people gradually mastered the activity law of "Nian", that is, every 365 days, people go to places where people live in concentrated communities to taste fresh food. The haunting time is after dark, and when the rooster crows at dawn, they return to the mountains. After determining the date of the ravages of 2008, people regarded this terrible night as a gateway, and came up with a set of methods to close the New Year's Day: every family prepared dinner in advance, turned off the fire, cleaned the stove, then tied all the cowpeas, sealed the front and back doors of the house, and hid in the house to eat the "New Year's Eve" because this dinner was uncertain. In addition to inviting the whole family to have dinner together to show harmonious reunion, we should also worship our ancestors before eating and pray for their blessing to spend the night safely. After dinner, no one dared to sleep, so they sat together and chatted with courage. Gradually formed the habit of not sleeping on New Year's Eve.

Second, the theory of calendar making in ten thousand years

According to legend, there was a young man named Wan Nian in ancient times. Seeing that the festivals at that time were chaotic, he had an accurate plan. But he couldn't find a way to calculate the time. One day, he was tired of chopping wood on the mountain and sat in the shade. The movement of the shadow inspired him. He designed a sundial to measure the time of the day. Later, inspired by the dripping spring water on the cliff, he began to make a five-layer clepsydra to calculate the time. Over time, he found that every 360 days, the four seasons would cycle once, and the length of the weather would be repeated.

At that time, the monarch was called Zu Ti, who was often troubled by the unpredictable weather. Ten thousand years later, he took the sundial and the clepsydra to see the emperor and explained to Zu Ti the truth about the movement of the sun and the moon. Zu Ti was very happy after hearing this and felt reasonable. So I left for ten thousand years and built the Sun and Moon Pavilion in front of the Temple of Heaven, as well as the sundial platform and the Leaky Pot Pavilion. I hope I can accurately measure the laws of the sun and the moon, calculate the exact time in the morning and evening, and create a calendar to benefit people all over the world.

On one occasion, Zu Ti went to learn about the progress of the perpetual calendar. When he boarded the altar of the sun and the moon, he saw a poem engraved on the stone wall next to the Temple of Heaven: sunrise 360, sunset 360, start all over again. Vegetation is divided into four seasons, and there are twelve circles in a year. Knowing that the perpetual calendar was created, I personally boarded the Sun Moon Pavilion to visit the perpetual calendar. Wan Nian pointed to the astronomical phenomena and said to Zu Ti, "It's been twelve months now, the old year has passed and the new year has begun again. Please make a festival for you. " Zu Ti said, "Spring is the first year of a year, so let's call it Spring Festival". It is said that this is the origin of the Spring Festival.

After years of long-term observation and careful calculation, he worked out an accurate solar calendar. When he showed his successor the solar calendar, he was covered with silver whiskers. The monarch was deeply moved. In order to commemorate the achievements of 10 thousand years, he named the solar calendar "perpetual calendar" and named it the birthday star of the sun, moon and moon. In the future, people will hang up the Shou Xingtu during the Chinese New Year, which is said to commemorate the venerable ten thousand years.

Third, paste Spring Festival couplets and door gods.

In the ancient mythology of China, it is said that there is a ghost world, in which there is a mountain, a big peach tree covering three thousand miles, and a golden rooster at the top of the tree. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghost who travels at night will rush back to the ghost domain. The Gate of Ghost Domain is located in the northeast of Peach Tree District. There are two gods standing by the door, named Shen Tu and Lei Yu. If the ghost does something unnatural at night, Shen Tu and Lei Yu will immediately find it, catch it, tie it up with a rope made of Miscanthus and give it to the tiger. So all the ghosts in the world are afraid of Shen Tu and Lei Yu. So people carved them into peach trees and put them at their doorsteps to ward off evil spirits and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on the mahogany board, thinking that this could also eliminate disasters. This kind of red board was later called "Fu Tao".

In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on mahogany boards, one for killing evil spirits, the other for expressing good wishes, and the third for decorating the portal for beauty. They also write couplets on red paper symbolizing happiness and good luck, and stick them on both sides of doors and windows during the Spring Festival to express people's good wishes for good luck in the coming year. In order to pray for the longevity of the family, people in some places still keep the habit of sticking up doors. It is said that there are two door gods posted on the gate, and all monsters will be afraid. In the folk, the door god is a symbol of justice and strength. The ancients thought that people with strange looks often had magical temperament and extraordinary skills. They are honest and kind, and it is their nature and responsibility to catch ghosts and demons. Zhong Kui, a ghost hunter who is highly regarded by people, is such a strange look. Therefore, the folk door gods are always glaring and ferocious, holding all kinds of traditional weapons in their hands, ready to fight against ghosts who dare to come to the door. Because the doors of China's house are usually two opposite doors, the door gods are always paired. After the Tang Dynasty, besides peace, people also regarded Qin and Weichi Gong, two military commanders in the Tang Dynasty, as gatekeepers. According to legend, Emperor Taizong was ill, heard ghosts screaming outside, and stayed up all night. So he asked the two generals to stand by with weapons in their hands, and there was no ghost harassment the next night. Later, Emperor Taizong had the images of these two generals painted and pasted on the door, and this custom began to spread widely among the people.

Fourth, the legend of Fu Tao.

In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi wrote in the poem "January Day": "Every day, new peaches are always replaced with old ones." Describe the light on the first day. The "peach" and "symbol" in the poem are intertextual, which means that the new peach symbol is always replaced by the old one-the old one is replaced by the new one. There is a beautiful legend about Fu Tao. Long ago, Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea had beautiful scenery, and there was a peach forest on the mountain. Among them, there is a huge peach tree, flourishing and winding for three thousand miles. Peaches are big and sweet. If people eat peaches from trees, they can become immortals. One dark night, a ghost with blue face and fangs, red hair and green eyes tried to steal Xiantao. The owners of Taolin, Shen Tu and Lei Yu, used peach branches to play ghosts, tied ghosts with straw ropes and fed tigers to watch the mountains. From then on, the names of the two brothers scared ghosts and became immortals who specialized in punishing evil and promoting good after death. Later generations painted two immortals, Shen Tu and Lei Yu, on a mahogany board one inch wide and seven or eight inches long to ward off evil spirits. This kind of red board is called "Fu Tao". With the changes of the times, Fu Tao itself is changing. Later, people wrote the names of two immortals on the Fu Tao instead of portraits. Later, it developed into "Inscription of Fu Tao", that is, short poems with equal words, symmetrical structure and corresponding meanings were inscribed on Fu Tao, which was the predecessor of Spring Festival couplets.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) ancient New Year card

New Year cards, which are popular in modern society, have been implemented in ancient China. As early as the Song Dynasty, New Year greeting cards, as a special way of greeting the New Year, were used between the families and relatives of imperial nobles and literati, and were called "famous thorns" or "famous stickers". It is to cut plum blossom stationery into cards about two inches wide and three inches long, and write your name and address on them. A red paper bag called "door book" is attached to each door, with the owner's name written on it to receive the name thorn (name sticker). The worshippers write their names on the register, which means to pay a New Year call. Its meaning is the same as that of modern New Year cards.

Sixth, Lunar New Year's Eve

According to legend, there was a monster named Nian in ancient China, with long Bluetooth and sharp claws, which was extremely fierce. I have lived in the mountains for many years, and I only go down to devour livestock on New Year's Eve every year, which hurts people's lives. Therefore, on New Year's Eve, every family leaves home to avoid the harm of Nian beast, which is called "China New Year".

On New Year's Eve, people are helping the old and taking the young into the mountains to take refuge, and an old beggar comes from outside the village. Some people sealed windows and locked doors, others packed their bags, and there was a panic everywhere. No one cares about the begging old man. Only an old woman in the village east wrapped up jiaozi, invited the old man to dinner, and urged him to hurry up the mountain to avoid Nian beast. In order to repay the kindness of the old woman, the old man told her that she was most afraid of red, fire and explosion every year, and asked her to put on red clothes, put red paper on the door, light red candles and burn bamboo in the yard to explode.

At midnight, Nian beast broke into the village. He found that the village was brightly lit, his eyes were blinded by dazzling red, and he heard loud firecrackers coming from someone's house, so he ran away trembling all over. Since then, people have known the way to drive away the New Year. Every New Year's Eve, every family sticks red couplets and sets off firecrackers. Every household has a bright candlelight, so it is better to wait for the New Year. In the early morning of the first day of the lunar new year, we will go to relatives and friends to congratulate each other and to congratulate each other on surviving the ravages of Nian beast. Later, this custom spread more and more widely and became the most solemn traditional festival among the people in China.

Seven, the story of Laba porridge

On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, people in China have the custom of eating Laba porridge. It is said that Laba porridge comes from India. The founder of Buddhism, Sakyamuni, was originally the son of Sudoku king in northern India (now Nepal). He saw that all living beings were suffering from physical illness and death. He was dissatisfied with the theocratic rule of Brahmins at that time and gave up the throne and became a monk. After six years of asceticism, he became a Buddha under the bodhi tree on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. In the past six years, I have only eaten one hemp and one meter a day. Later generations did not forget his sufferings and ate porridge as a souvenir on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month every year. "Laba" became "Buddha's Day".

"Laba" is a grand festival of Buddhism. Before liberation, Buddhist temples all over the country held Buddhist bath meetings and chanted scriptures, and imitated the legendary story of a shepherdess offering chyle before Sakyamuni became a monk, making fragrant cereal porridge for the Buddha. Laba porridge was presented to disciples and kind men and women, and later became a folk custom. It is said that in some monasteries, before the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, monks would hold alms bowls along the street and cook the collected rice, chestnuts, dates, nuts and other materials into Laba porridge and distribute it to the poor. Legend has it that eating it can get the blessing of Buddha, so the poor call it "Buddha porridge". In addition, it is said that Tianning Temple, a famous temple in Hangzhou, has a "stack rice building" for storing leftovers. Usually, monks dry leftovers every day, accumulate surplus food for one year, and cook Laba porridge for believers on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, which is called "Fushou porridge" and "Fude porridge", which means that eating it can increase happiness and longevity.

There is also the legend of Laba porridge. When Zhu Yuanzhang was a child, his family was poor, and he often suffered from food shortage. One day, when he came back from herding cattle, he was hungry and suddenly saw a mouse hole in the corner. He wanted to catch mice to satisfy his hunger, but unexpectedly he took out glutinous rice, millet, soybeans, red beans, wheat grains and peanuts. He washed these miscellaneous grains, cooked them into porridge and had a hearty meal. Later, when he became an emperor, he was tired of eating delicacies all day. I suddenly remembered the past when I was a child, and ordered people to imitate it, and the ministers tasted it, which was wonderful. Because this day is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, Zhu Yuanzhang called this porridge Laba porridge. Later, it spread to the people, and it followed.

Eight, the legend of the word Fu.

Ming Taizu used the word "Fu" as a code word to prepare for murder. In order to eliminate this disaster, the kind Ma Huanghou asked the people of the whole city to post "blessings" on their doors before dawn. Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is posted on every door. If one family can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to the streets to check and found that every family had posted the word "Fu", and another family had posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. When Ma Huanghou saw that things were not good, he quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "The family knew that you were visiting today, and deliberately turned the word" Fu "upside down. Isn't this what' Fudao' means? " When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.

Nine, the legend of mice marrying women

The folklore of "a mouse marries a girl" is very popular in China. However, the time for "mice to marry women" varies from place to place.

According to the folklore in Jiangnan, rats are harmful and unlucky, so they should be married off on New Year's Eve to ensure peace and good luck in the coming year. In some places in the suburbs of Shanghai, it is said that mice marry women on the 16th day of the first month. That night, every household fried sesame candy, which was a joyful candy for mice.

In the north, mice marry women on the night of the 25th day of the first month. That night, every household didn't turn on the lights, and the whole family sat on the kang without saying a word, just eating "mouse claws", "scorpion tails" and fried soybeans made of flour in the dark. No lighting, no noise means to provide convenience for the mouse to marry a girl, for fear of disturbing the wedding ceremony. Eating "rat paws" means that people expect rat paws to itch and get up early to act; Eating "scorpion tail" is to prevent rats from being hurt by scorpions when they marry their daughters out of the hole. Eating fried soybeans makes a crunching sound, as if setting off firecrackers for mice.

On the night when a mouse marries a woman, some places will be filled with candles in the corners and aisles, indicating that the road through which the mouse marries a woman is illuminated.

Ten, the legend of the Spring Festival to meet the financial god

According to folklore, the fifth day of the first month is the birthday of the god of wealth. After the first day of the first month, you will receive the god of wealth. On the night before God of Wealth's birthday, every family held a banquet to celebrate God of Wealth. There are many legends about the god of wealth:

During the Song Dynasty, Cai Jing was very rich. According to folklore, he was born a god of wealth. He happened to be born on the fifth day of the first month, so people regard him as a god of wealth. After the sacrifice to Beijing was demoted, the people converted to the god of wealth. At that time, the national surname of the Song Dynasty was Zhao, and it was changed to worship. The Xuan altar is shaped like the bottom of a pot, holding Strafe in his hand and riding Hei Hu, which is very powerful.

In addition to Zhao Xuantan being honored as "God of Wealth", there are also folk sayings that "God of Wealth is partial", "God of Wealth" and "Wu Caishen" are heavenly emperors.