Cultural Relics Collected by Shaanxi History Museum

Shaanxi History Museum has a collection of 370,000 cultural relics, which enjoys a high reputation for its large quantity, complete variety and high grade. During the period of 1996, National Cultural Heritage Administration organized an expert group to evaluate and grade the cultural relics of Shaanxi History Museum, and 762 pieces (groups) were rated as first-class cultural relics. bronze ware

More than 3,900 pieces have been registered. The collection era began in Shang and Zhou Dynasties and ended in Qin and Han Dynasties. There are ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, chariots and horses, daily necessities and production tools. Among them, the most typical is the Shang and Zhou bronzes, and many artifacts (such as Ding, Shi Xian Ding, etc. ) are engraved with inscriptions of high historical value. Typical examples are Feng Zhuzhu in the early Zhou Dynasty, Niu Zun in the Western Zhou Dynasty, tower vessels in the Warring States Period, bird-covered pots and painted goose and fish lanterns in the Han Dynasty. Murals of tombs in Tang Dynasty.

There are more than 400 pictures in the museum, with an area of 1000 square meters. 25 Tang tombs 1952 ~ 1989 were unearthed in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province. The tomb owners are all royalty and important officials in the Tang Dynasty. The contents of the picture include four gods, rituals, architecture, hunting, life and friendly exchanges between Tang and his neighbors. Ancient pottery figurines.

More than 2000 pieces have been registered. The collection dates are Qin, Han, Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Textures include pottery, painted pottery, glazed pottery and tricolor. The artistic images are civil and military officials, imperial soldiers, footmen and waitresses, conference semifinals in the western regions, and animals such as kings, tomb animals, horses and camels.

Because of its unique advantages, the ancient pottery figurines collected in Shaanxi History Museum are of many kinds, large quantities and high grades, and the sequence of their emergence and evolution is complete, which is extremely rare in China Museum, especially the plain Gu Zhuo pottery figurines in Han Dynasty and the elegant Tang Dynasty pottery figurines. Ceramics of past dynasties.

More than 5000 pieces have been registered. There are prehistoric painted pottery of Yangshao culture, primitive celadon of Western Zhou Dynasty, glazed pottery of Han Dynasty, tricolor, ancient glass, stained glass of Tang Dynasty, secret porcelain of Tang Dynasty and celadon of Song Yaoyao. The types of utensils include daily necessities, stationery and funerary objects. Building materials of past dynasties.

More than 1000 pieces have been registered. The collection era began in the two weeks of Qin and Han dynasties and lasted until the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties. There are ceramic tiles, tiles, bricks, Zhao Wei, waterways and stone carving building materials, as well as metal building components. Gold and silver jadeware

Including bronzes impregnated with gold and silver. More than 2000 pieces have been registered. Among them, the jade ritual vessels of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the golden woodpecker unearthed from the Qin cemetery in the Spring and Autumn Period, the imperial seal of the Western Han Dynasty, the bronze smoke stoves with gold and silver bamboo joints, the agate cups with gold animal heads, the octagonal gold cups for musicians, the silver pots with gold-plated horse's head cups, and the red gold dragon unearthed from the Tang Dynasty cellar in hejia village, Xi 'an in 1970 are all rare products in the world. Currency of past dynasties.

More than 10000 pieces have been registered. There are still more than 50,000 pieces and nearly 7,000 kilograms that have not been cleaned up (that is, they are not included in the total collection). There are many kinds of coins, including Western coins, Warring States Road coins, Qin Banliang coins, Western Han gold coins, Wang Wu strains, Wang Mangshi coins, Tang gold and silver coins and rare ancient foreign currencies. In addition to the above eight categories, Shaanxi History Museum also collects paintings, editions, scrolls, fabrics, bone wares, wood products, lacquerware, iron wares, stone tools, seals, clay seals, modern cultural relics, folk customs and other cultural relics. During the period of 1996, National Cultural Heritage Administration organized an expert group to evaluate and grade the cultural relics of Shaanxi History Museum, and 762 pieces (groups) were rated as first-class cultural relics, of which 18 pieces (groups) were rated as national treasures, ranking first in China Museum. These national treasures cover ancient murals, gold and silver vessels, bronzes, pottery, jade and other major categories, and are well-known at home and abroad for their precious and unique historical, scientific and artistic values. The agate cup inlaid with gold animal heads is a national treasure and an orphan in the sea.

The wine vessels in Tang Dynasty were 15.5 cm long and 5.9 cm in diameter. 1970 was unearthed in hejia village, the southern suburb of Xi.

The agate cup inlaid with the golden beast head is the first batch of cultural relics forbidden to go abroad, and it is also the treasure of Shaanxi History Museum. The agate cup is made of excellent materials, finely carved and beautiful in jade. The cup body is an angular animal head, and the angle of the animal is a cup handle. The mouth is inlaid with a gold hat, and the eyes, ears and nose are finely carved. From material selection, design to technology, it can be called the fine jade carving art in Tang Dynasty. It is the only exquisite jade carving seen so far, the most exquisite jade carving in the Tang Dynasty, and the product of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty. Ding is a national treasure cultural relic.

The cultural relics in the early Western Zhou Dynasty were cast during the Western Zhou Kangwang period and unearthed in Yang Jiacun, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province on 1972. The shape is dignified and majestic, and the decoration is solemn and magical.

The tripod is 77 cm high and 56.5 cm in diameter. Ears erect, abdomen deep, lips flat, three legs. The mouth edge is decorated with embossed gluttonous patterns, and the ground is lined with fine thunder patterns. The roots of the three feet are decorated with gluttonous noodles. The outside of each ear is decorated with a dragon with an arc-shaped upper edge. Thick smoke marks on the outer wall and bottom of the abdomen are obviously caused by long-term use. There are 28 inscriptions on the inner wall of abdomen. The tripod inherited the style of the round tripod in Shang Dynasty, with heavy and solemn shape and exquisite decoration. Its inscription is an important historical material for studying the land system in the early Zhou Dynasty, which has precious historical and artistic value. In addition, it is also recognized as the standard musical instrument in Zhou Kangwang and a famous national treasure in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Five sacrifices to Ding Wei, a national treasure cultural relic.

1975 cultural relics of the western Zhou dynasty unearthed in dongjiacun, Qishan county, with a height of 36.5cm, a diameter of 34.3cm, a belly depth of 19.5cm and a weight of11.5kg.

The ears are three columns, the flat edges are folded outwards, and the lower abdomen is inclined outwards. There is a thick layer of smoke on the outer bottom of the tripod, and the inscription 19 lines and 207 words are cast on the inner wall of the abdomen, and the lower edge of the mouth is decorated with fine thunder patterns, which records a breach of contract caused by land compensation between Wei and Bang. It plays an important role in studying the legal situation in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The inscription in Dingzhong reflects that in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, some land was actually privately owned, but the transfer of land still had to go through the ministers of the dynasty, indicating that the nobles had acquiesced in the disposal of land in the system. It is the first-hand material to study the social economy and land system in the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty, which is of great scientific value to historians and jurists. Duoyou Ding is a national treasure cultural relic.

1980 cultural relics of the late Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Xiaquan Village, Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province. Height 51.5cm, ear height10cm, width1.6cm, thickness 3cm, abdominal diameter 50cm, depth 3 1 cm, mouth edge folded 2cm, weight 35kg, and hoof-shaped foot height 20cm.

Duoyou Ding was cast in the period of West Zhou Liwang. There are 22 lines and 279 words inscribed on the inner wall of the abdomen, which records a war against the emperor's aggression in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its inscription is an important ancient document, which has important scientific value for studying the history of Xiongnu and the political, economic, military and ethnic relations of the society at that time. The inscription is simple in structure and beautiful in handwriting. It is also an important chapter in the history of Chinese calligraphy art, and it is a national treasure cultural relic queen seal.

Cultural relics of the early Western Han Dynasty, 2 cm high, 2.8 cm long on the side and weighing 33 grams, were carved with white jade from Hotan sheep fat. Unearthed at Langjiagou, Hanjiawan Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province 1968.

Jade color is pure and flawless, glittering and translucent and moist. Jade is hard and dense, without any soaking phenomenon. The printed body is square, and the buttons are high relief crouching tiger. Tiger tiger has a fierce image, vigorous posture, strong limbs, wide and round eyes, rhinoplasty, square lips, open mouth and bared teeth, hunched ears, tail hidden in moire, thick curve carved on the back that swings with the body, and six upper teeth carved in the shade. Tigers come out from under their bellies and wear holes so that they can wear lace. The four sides of the stamp table are all rectangular, and a rectangular shadow frame is carved. Four moire patterns are carved in the frame, which are upside down, and each moire pattern is connected with the frame with double vertical lines. Part of cinnabar remains in the sulcus of vulva. The front of the seal is engraved with the words "Queen's Seal". The font structure is rigorous and generous, and the strokes are even. The Nine Meanings of Hanshu contains: "Queen's Imperial Seal, Emperor Wentong, Queen's Seal, Jin Hu Button." This printing system and seal are in line with China's system. Because the location of this land is about 1km away from the Changling where Emperor Gaozu and Lv Hou were buried together, it is supposed to belong to Lv Hou, and it is the only physical data of the seal of the Empress of the Han Dynasty, which is very precious. National Treasure Cultural Relics-Gold-plated Silver-bamboo Joint Fumigating Device.

The cultural relics of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed from Maoling Tomb at 1 in Xingping County, Shaanxi Province, are 58 cm high, 9 cm in diameter, with a base diameter of 13.3 cm and a weight of 2.57 kg.

The high handle is shaped like a bamboo bean, covered like a mountain, covered with gold and silver, and the chassis is carved with two dragons, both of which bear the belly of the tray with their heads. There are ten groups of triangles in the lower part of the stomach, and there are faucets carved inside. Looking back, the dragon body was freed from the waves, with smooth lines and wonderful shapes. The inscription on the outside of the stove mouth is 135 words a week. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called "Yang Xin" and only his sister Yang Xin was named princess royal. Yangxin family belongs to Princess Yangxin, the sister of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The fuming stove used to belong to Weiyang Palace, but it was later given to Yangxin family. In ancient China, Boshan Furnace, which was popular between Han and Jin Dynasties, was the most exquisite, and it was a rare work of art in ancient times. Gold-plated silver pot dancing horse cup, a national treasure cultural relic. The first batch of cultural relics exhibitions in China are prohibited from going abroad.

Cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty, 14.3 cm high. 1970 was unearthed in hejia village, Xi 'an.

The shape of the pot is the animal skin shape of the northern nomadic people. The pot is oblate, with a vertical cylindrical opening at one end and a lid with lotus petals on it. The top of the pot is connected with an arched pot handle through a silver chain. This shape is not only convenient for riding and hunting, but also convenient for daily use, which shows the ingenuity of craftsmen in the Tang Dynasty in design. On both sides of the silver pot, a lean head and tail horse is shaped by relief technology. According to Ming Taizu Miscellanies, Xuanzong once domesticated 400 dancing horses in the palace. At the beginning of August every year, when Xuanzong was born, he dressed these dancing horses in gorgeous clothes and danced to the beat of "pouring cups" to celebrate their birthdays. At the climax, the three-story wooden bed on the Ma Yue danced like a fly, and sometimes a strong man lifted the bed to let the horse perform on the bed, while young musicians stood around to accompany the horse. Another poem describes the expression of the dancing horse after the performance: "Even the last banquet of the trophy, my head was drunk." The dancing horse image of this pot just matches the records in the book, and it is a very rare cultural relic. Quelou etiquette map is a national treasure cultural relic.

Cultural relics of Tang Dynasty. 197 1 Unearthed from the tomb of Prince Yide in Gan County, Shaanxi Province.

The east wall and the west wall of Prince Yide's tomb road in Tang Dynasty drew two plans of Quelou with the same content, which were located in front of the map of Yi and Wei. The plan of the East Wall Bird House is 304 cm high and 296 cm wide. The western wall building is 305 cm high and 298 cm wide.

Li Zhongrun, Prince Yide, eldest son of Li Xian, Tang Zhongzong, grandson of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian. In the first year of Dazu (70 1), he was killed by Wu Zetian with a stick at the age of 19. After the restoration of Zhongzong, in the second year of Shenlong (706), Ganling was buried as a prince, and the mausoleum was renamed Mausoleum. Maid-in-waiting map, a national treasure cultural relic.

Cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty, with a height of 176 cm and a width of 196.5 cm. 1960 unearthed from the tomb of Princess Yongtai in Tang Dynasty in Gan County, Shaanxi Province. Painted on the south side of the east wall in front of the tomb.

This painting is a national treasure. There are nine people in the picture. The first person combs his hair with a single knife, half turns into a bun, looks forward, puts his hands in front of his abdomen, and begins to move forward, which is luxurious and elegant. Then a man tied a bun and looked back as if he were saying something to someone else. The other seven ladies-in-waiting combed their hair into a semi-bun, a bun or a double bun, holding a bracket, a round fan, a wishful, a square box, a Gao Zubei, a dust blower, a bag and other things, and slowly came sideways. Among them, except for two men's robes, the other seven are all narrow sleeves and short shoulders, silks, red, yellow and green dresses, which are full of wishful thinking. The picture is vivid, as if it were a sleeping picture. Ma Qiutu is a national treasure.

Cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty, 229 in height and 688 cm in width. 197 1 was unearthed in the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai, Gan County, Shaanxi Province. This painting is on the west wall of the tomb.

There are more than twenty figures on horseback, all wearing two-color narrow-sleeved robes, hoes and black boots. The mural highlights five riders with crescent sticks driving their horses to grab the ball. The first ride is a reflection, and the rest of the horses meet it. After 10, people rode horses, and walkers rode bordeaux horses, or ran in the mountains or galloped in the air. Stop wearing a green robe, red lapels, staring intently, without a club. The background is lined with rolling mountains, and five lonely ancient trees are dotted on the empty picture, corresponding to the ancient trees in the "trace map" of the east wall of the tomb. This picture is the earliest image data about polo. Hunting travel map, national treasure cultural relic.

Tang Dynasty cultural relics are 100-200 cm high and 890 cm long. 197 1 was unearthed in the tomb of Li Xian, Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province.

The original picture was taken several times, and the background of the picture is Qingshan pine forest. More than forty hunters on horseback, with bows and arrows, flags or leopard whips, galloped along the avenue outside Chang 'an, surrounded by their owners, heading for Machi Hunting Ground. The figures are arranged in order, with two scouts in front, flag guards on both sides, two camels and attendants behind the house at last. The middle brigade girded their waists and pierced arrows, led eagles and dogs, and surrounded them. The composition is magnificent and magnificent, and it is an excellent work in the murals of Tang tombs.

Walking at the head of the big group in the painting is an elegant official in purple robe. He has no arrows and quiver, and his mount is a white horse. Only a few high-ranking people can use this kind of walking. From this analysis, the man riding this white horse should be Prince Li Xian of Zhang Huai. Yuanyang lotus petal pattern gold bowl, a national treasure cultural relic.

Cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty, 5.5 cm high, with a caliber of 13.7 cm and a foot diameter of 6.7 cm. 1970 was unearthed in hejia village, the southern suburb of Xi. This bowl is shaped by hammering. Small mouth, round lips, bulging belly, flat bottom, trumpet feet. The vessel is covered with pearls and the abdomen is perforated with double lotus petals. In the upper lotus petals, there are mandarin ducks, parrots, geese, storks, deer, foxes, geese, rabbits, ducks and other rare birds and animals. The petals of the lotus below are carved with honeysuckle. Precious flowers are carved on the bottom of the bowl. Decorate the Fang Shengwen into a circle, carve a bird and a few floating clouds on the drum wing, and make the bottom with small couplets of beads. The inner wall of the bowl has the weight of "923" ink book (in fact, it is 92.5). Exquisite production and magnificent momentum. These two golden bowls, with smooth lotus petals, steady dual structure and gorgeous patterns, are typical artistic styles of the Tang Dynasty, which fully embodies the maturity of the decorative art of gold and silver vessels in the Tang Dynasty and are rare works of art; In a narrow space, it is an outstanding performance of the superb craftsmanship of gold and silver vessels in the Tang Dynasty to carve multi-level and high-density ornamentation in such a complicated, orderly, clear and accurate way. Gold-plated parrot silver jar, a national treasure cultural relic.

Cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty, with a height of 24.2 cm, a caliber of 12.4 cm, a foot diameter of 14.3 cm and a weight of 1789 g .. 1970, were unearthed in hejia village, a southern suburb of Xi 'an. The silver jar has a short mouth and a trumpet-shaped belly. The movable hanging beam is inserted and welded in two gourd-shaped ears on the tank shoulder, and the bottom is a round foot. Weld a hoop at the joint of the foot and the tank. The cans are hammered with pure silver, with plain, caviar and gold-plated patterns. The hanging beam is decorated with a diamond pattern. Parrots are the main body of the tank, surrounded and decorated with broken branches, forming two groups of balanced circular parrots spreading their wings among the flowers, which are smart, lovely and lifelike. Decorated on both sides of the hanging beam groove respectively, and the rest of the blanks are decorated with a single branch. The parrot carved on the silver jar fluttered its wings and wanted to fly. It is fresh and full, just right with the round appearance and full flowers, giving people a feeling of wealth and celebration. It is the most exquisite and elegant silver jar in the Tang Dynasty. Through this kind of silver jar, we can not only appreciate the craft level of gold and silver wares in the Tang Dynasty, but also reflect the aesthetic fashion, life attitude and spiritual outlook of the Tang Dynasty with its round and full shape and rich decorative themes. Tricolor camel is a national treasure cultural relic.

Cultural relics of Tang Dynasty. Height 58 cm, height 24.2 cm, caliber 12.4 cm, foot diameter 14.3 cm. 1959 Tang tomb was unearthed in Niubao village in the western suburbs of Xi.

This group of musical and dancing figurines is a typical work in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Dancers are all dressed in the costumes of the Han nationality, but most of them use musical instruments imported from the western regions, showing the "new voice of Hu department" popular in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods, that is, the new dance music after the integration of Hu and Han cultures. This group of figurines takes a narrow hunchback as the stage, but carries a big band to express the popular new dance music at that time, boldly using artistic exaggeration, full of imagination and romance. Exquisite craftsmanship and vivid forms make people seem to hear melodious music. The glaze is bright and harmonious. It is the best of the three colors in the Tang Dynasty. It not only has high artistic appreciation value, but also has important reference value for studying music, song and dance and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Inverted beam green glazed porcelain pot, a national treasure cultural relic.

Cultural relics of the Five Dynasties. 1968 was unearthed in Bin County, Shaanxi Province.

Height 18.3 cm, abdominal diameter 14.3 cm. The fetal quality is hard and thin, and it is grayish white. The glaze is light blue, slightly grayish white and bright. The pot is spherical, simulating the lid and the pot as a whole, and taking the phoenix-shaped hanging beam and flower base as the symbol of the lid. At the joint of the pot cover and the pot, there is a pile of nursing lioness, and the lioness opens her mouth and flows. The spherical ampulla is carved with branch peony. There is a plum blossom-shaped water injection hole in the center of the bottom, which is an unparalleled treasure of Yao kiln porcelain.

This watering pot with hanging beam is the product of the famous Yaozhou kiln (the kiln site is in Huangbao Town, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province). Yaozhou Kiln was a famous kiln in northern China during the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, people praised Yao porcelain as "as clever as gold and as fine as jade". This pot is simple and elegant in shape, regular and fine in production, rich in patterns, gorgeous in mattress style, especially unique in conception and ingenious in design. It is considered as the most exquisite Yaozhou kiln porcelain at home and abroad. Black glazed oil drop bowl, a national treasure cultural relic.

Cultural relics of Northern Song Dynasty. Unearthed in Weinan, Shaanxi. Height 9 cm, diameter 30.2 cm, foot diameter 1 1.8 cm.

The bowl has small feet, gray fetus and black glaze all over. The surface of oil layer is covered with small spots of different sizes, which is called metallic luster. These spots are like oil droplets floating on the water, so they are called "oil droplet glaze". Oil drop glaze is a special kind of glaze, which belongs to crystalline glaze.

Up to now, most of the oil drop glazes come from kilns, and the matrix is thick and the size is small. The black glazed "oil drop" porcelain bowl collected by Shaanxi History Museum has a thick carcass and a dark glaze. Such a large and beautiful oil drop bowl has the typical technological characteristics of the northern kiln mouth, especially the oil drop spots at the bottom of the circular cloth bowl, which are crystal clear and add charming colors, and can be called a treasure in porcelain. This is the largest of its kind ever.