Three White Paintings of China Ladies

(1470- 1523) China was a painter and writer in the Ming dynasty. Zi Wei Zi, Bo Hu, No.6 lay man, owner of Peach Blossom Temple, etc. call themselves the first romantic talents in Jiangnan (see: Four Great Talents in Jiangnan). Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. Born into a vendor's family, his father Tang Guangde and his mother Qiu had a bad temper when she was young. When they are young, they should be rich and share their wealth. Later, they went to Beijing for an exam. After they got out of prison, they voted for Ning Wang Zhu. However, when they found out that Zhu had rebellious intentions, they escaped and returned to Suzhou. Since then, I have never given up my career, devoted myself to painting and calligraphy, and have always been unrestrained. He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscape paintings were studied by Chen Zhou in his early years, and then by Li Tang and Liu Songnian. He painted mountains and painted mountains with an axe, which was majestic and steep, but his pen was fine, his layout was sparse and his style was elegant. Figure paintings are mostly ladies and historical stories, inheriting the tradition of the Tang Dynasty, with clear lines, gorgeous and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling; He is also a freehand brushwork figure, and his pen is concise and interesting. His flower-and-bird paintings are freehand and elegant. In addition to painting, Tang Yin also engaged in calligraphy, learning from Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy style was fantastic and handsome. There are some paintings that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Riding a Donkey to Home, Singing in the Mountain Road, Mingming, Uncle Wang's Palace Prostitute, Li Duanduanju, Autumn Wind and Fan, and Qiuci Cuan.

Tang Yin is also very accomplished in literature. Palace poetry is full of travel, painting and sentimental works, which can not only express the wild and detached state of mind, but also express the indifference to the world. Slang and slang are used in poetry, which is easy to understand and simple in meaning. He wrote the Collection of Six Confucian Laymen, and the Qing Dynasty compiled the Complete Works of Six Confucian Laymen.

Mountaineering poems

Up, up, up,

Up the hill.

Looking up, the sun is red and the clouds are low.

All the oceans and lakes are looking at each other.

Bi ti Zao Xuan

The basic structure of the painting gallery is painting boats.

Blue waves are rippling and blue algae are growing.

Bonon climbed up the building during the day.

There was smoke outside the window, and the scene drifted straight.

Curtains hang down and flowers bloom.

The fish frolicked in the reflection of the railing.

On the poets who moved from time to time.

Call it the Crystal Palace.

Tang Yin's ancestral home is Jinchang, which is now Jincheng, Shanxi, so in his calligraphy and painting, he often writes the word "Jinchang Tang Yin". Shanxi people are good at doing business. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Tang family moved south and began to do business in Nanjing and Suzhou. Tang Yin was born in a businessman's family in Wuchili, Wuxian County, Suzhou. Tang Bohu was gifted at an early age. He is familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics and has read a lot of history books. At the age of 65, 438+06, the champion, caused a sensation in Suzhou City. At the age of 29, he went to Nanjing to take the provincial examination and won the first place in Xieyuan. Just when he was full of ambition, he went to Beijing for the exam the next year, but he was unlucky because he was involved in the fraud case in the examination room.

It is generally said that Xu Jing, the son of Jiangyin's richest man, secretly bribed the examiner's furniture and got the test questions in advance. After the revelations, Tang Yin was also implicated in prison. Cheng and Li Dongyang are examiners for the 2008 Beijing College Entrance Examination. Both of them are well-read, and the questions are so obscure that many candidates can't answer them. There are only two papers, which are not only properly answered, but also elegantly worded, which makes Cheng blurt out with joy: "These two papers belong to Tang Yin." This sentence was heard by the people present and dispersed. Tang Yin visited him many times after he went to Beijing, especially after Cheng was appointed as the main examiner. Tang Yin also asked him to preface one of his poems. This aroused the suspicion of others. This time, when I heard Cheng say this in the examination room, I was caught by people who usually hate him. A group of people began to talk about the emperor, saying that Cheng had taken bribes and let the cat out of the bag. If it is not strictly investigated, it will lose the hearts of scholars all over the world. Emperor Xiaozong believed it and was very angry. He immediately decided not to allow Cheng to read newspapers. All the papers read by Cheng were re-read by Li Dongyang, and Cheng, Tang Yin, were put into Dali Temple prison and tried by special personnel. After Xu Jing went to prison, he couldn't stand the torture. He admitted that he bribed Cheng's relatives with a piece of gold, stole the examination questions and leaked them to Tang Yin. After a joint examination by the Ministry of Punishment and the government, Xu Jing overturned his confession, saying it was a confession. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered "rehabilitation", and Cheng died of dissatisfaction after he was released from prison. After Tang Yin was released from prison, he was banished to Zhejiang as a petty official. Tang Yin was ashamed not to take office.

There are many records and different accounts about this case. In fact, this is the result of the internal struggle of the ruling class. "Biography of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty" said: "Or the prison of sensitive politics, Fu Han wants to seize its position, so that it can be played and the secret can't be clear." But there is no doubt that this matter is extremely serious for Tang Yin. From then on, Tang Yin decided to pursue a career. After returning home, he was addicted to wine, traveled to famous mountains and rivers, and determined to be a companion of poetry, painting and calligraphy all his life.

In the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1500), Tang Yin left Suzhou and arrived in Zhenjiang by boat. From Zhenjiang to Yangzhou, he visited places of interest such as Slender West Lake and Pingshan Hall. Then take a boat along the river and cross Wuhu and Jiujiang to Lushan Mountain. The magnificent scenery of Lushan Mountain left a deep impression on Tang Yin. This was fully reflected in his later paintings. He returned to Huangzhou by boat and saw the remains of Battle of Red Cliffs. Tang Yin's Red Cliff Map was drawn on this basis. Later, he went south to Hunan, boarded Yueyang Tower and visited Dongting Lake. And climb Mount Hengshan in Nanyue south. Re-entering Fujian, roaming the famous mountains of Wuyi and Jiulihu in Xianyou County. Tang Yin transferred from Fujian to Zhejiang, visited Yandang Mountain and Tiantai Mountain, crossed the sea to Putuo, and then returned to Anhui, Huangshan and Jiuhua Mountain along Fuchun River and Xin 'anjiang River. At this point, Tang Yin had spent all his money and had to return to Suzhou. Tang Yin's trip to Wan Li Road lasted more than nine months, and he traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers, adding a lot of materials for his later paintings.

Back in Suzhou, my family was poor, and my wife made a scene and finally left him. He lives in a small building facing the street at the corner of Qufang Wu. He entertains with painters and sells paintings for a living. He wrote in a poem: "No alchemy, no meditation, no ploughing for merchants." If you have time, write a picture of Danqing and sell it. There is no money on the earth. "In order to show my ambition of fame and fortune, I specialize in reading and selling paintings for free.

When Tang Yin was thirty-six, he chose Taohuawu in the north of the city, built an elegant and leisurely home, and lived a crazy life. Taohuawu was originally a bamboo slip villa in Zhangzhuang, Song Dynasty, which has gone through many vicissitudes and is now in ruins. But the scenery here is pleasant and the environment is quiet. A clear stream flows, and several wild peach willows die by the stream, which is quite interesting in Shan Ye. The following year, Tang Yin built the Taohuawu Villa with the money from selling paintings. Although there are only a few huts, elegant plaques are hung under the eaves, such as Xuepu Hall, Mengmo Pavilion and Butterfly Zhai. Tang Yin loved peach blossoms all his life. The villa was named "Peach Blossom Temple", and he named himself "Lord of Peach Blossom Temple", and wrote "Song of Peach Blossom Temple": "Peach Blossom Fairy nurtures peach trees and breaks branches for drinking. When you wake up, you just sit in front of the flowers, and when you are drunk, you will sleep. Bloom wakes up day after day, year after year ... "In the spring, the garden is full of flowers, and he invited Shen Zhou, Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming and others to drink and compose poems, paint with a brush, and break up with joy. . "Drink like day, drink when you come, don't ask, sleep when you are drunk." (Zhu Yunming's Epitaph of Tang Ziwei) At this time, Tang Yin was at leisure and detached.