How to carry out scientific practice activities in primary schools and cultivate students' scientific literacy

Comprehensive practice in primary schools is an important activity to cultivate primary school students' scientific literacy. It is an important part of innovative education to actively guide primary school students to participate in comprehensive practical activities and cultivate their innovative thinking mode and good hands-on and brain-thinking ability from an early age. Nowadays, popular scientific and technological activities in schools, such as airplane models and small inventions, all focus on the cultivation of these abilities. However, these activities need to invest considerable teachers, venues, time and so on. At the same time, due to the poor comprehensive scientific and technological practice ability of primary school students, there are certain limitations for ordinary primary schools. The development of comprehensive practical activities has broken these limitations, expanded students' learning space to the maximum extent, and realized the integration of primary school students' multidisciplinary knowledge. It emphasizes that primary school students enhance their awareness of inquiry and innovation, learn scientific research methods and develop their ability of comprehensive application of knowledge through practice, which has attracted more and more attention from educators.

First, setting up scientific and reasonable comprehensive practical activities is the premise of cultivating students' scientific literacy.

The open teaching of comprehensive practical activities can create students' positive thinking state and relaxed thinking atmosphere, and cultivate students to dare to think and be good at thinking. Affirm students' "novelty" and "whimsy", strive to protect students' curiosity, thirst for knowledge and imagination, and then stimulate students' enthusiasm for innovation, form students' innovative consciousness, cultivate students' innovative spirit and train students' thinking ability. Generally speaking, to carry out comprehensive practical activities should follow four principles:

1, the principle of connecting the past with the future. In order to further understand, inherit and carry forward the national history and tradition, the curriculum project should be based on the local area, tap the rich local traditional cultural resources, develop projects, cultivate students' practical ability, and let students know and love the cultural history of their hometown in practice, so as to know and love the national history and tradition. For example: paper-cutting art, drama research and so on. At the same time, it should be linked with modern science, so that students can't break away from the new fashion of modern science. They can use the science and technology activity room and science laboratory to equip with computers, simple processing tools, popular science books, experimental equipment and so on. For example, set up groups such as model airplane, science and technology small production and science and technology pictorial to cultivate students' scientific research practice ability and interest and stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning science and technology; You can also set up scientific exploration projects, such as starry sky observation and meteorological observation, to cultivate students' ability to observe and participate in scientific practice.

2. The principle of combining theory with practice. The projects should be closely linked with life, which can greatly stimulate students' interest, make students feel life, experience life and master basic life skills. Master self-protection skills, improve students' awareness of self-protection, promote students' physical and mental health development, and cultivate students' moral character of sincere cooperation, helping others and courage to take responsibility. For example, there are many embroidery factories around the community, and wool embroidery interest groups can be set up; It is easy to get seeds and leaves near the suburbs. You can design a seed patch group and a leaf patch group. Let students truly realize that life is education, and education cannot be separated from life.

3. The principle of combining activities with subject knowledge. Further link with subject education, so as to complement and promote each other, so that the knowledge acquired by students can be extended, integrated, reorganized and upgraded, and the knowledge and skills can be expanded and deepened. The development and design of the project fully considers the integration with subject knowledge to cultivate children's scientific feelings. The textbook we are using now only provides an example for students, and there is still a lot of knowledge to be supplemented after class. Therefore, we should extend the subject knowledge in the comprehensive practical activity class to make it complement the subject curriculum.

Before it is established, it can be demonstrated by means of questionnaire survey, symposium and interview to determine the rationality, scientificity and interest of the design scheme. For example, students learn about animals and plants in science textbooks, but in real life, children rarely have the opportunity to raise small animals and plants themselves, and their growth and reproduction characteristics are limited to what the books say. If we set up a small feeding corner and plantation on campus, we can use practical activities to organize students to carry out planting and breeding practice activities, which will greatly improve their interest in learning and research. In the activity, students are instructed to carry out conscious management actions such as sowing, fertilizing, watering, weeding, thinning, pest control, etc., and experience the whole process of rooting, germination, emergence, leaf growth, jointing, flowering and fruiting of flowers and plants and animal growth and reproduction, and write observation records and small papers. In management, observe their life cycle, understand their growth law, and gain personal experience in research and exploration, thus forming a positive attitude and emotion that is good at questioning, willing to explore and thirsty for knowledge.

4. The principle of voluntary application. Schools must respect students' wishes and let them make their own choices based on their interests, because many projects need cooperation among peers, full of exploration, and cultivate students' awareness of autonomy, cooperation and inquiry. For some projects that cannot be selected according to students' wishes, we should pay attention to the appropriate adjustment of students' specialties, pay attention to let students gain experience and sentiment in the process of participating in cooperation, and form a positive attitude and emotion that is good at questioning, willing to explore and study hard.

Second, fully carrying out comprehensive practical activities can greatly cultivate students' scientific literacy.

1, cultivate students' ability of independent inquiry.

In the process of development, design and implementation of comprehensive practical activities, students are encouraged to choose and plan independently, and their needs, motivations and interests are taken as the core to promote the all-round development of students' personality. The main form of activities is independent inquiry, which emphasizes students' personal experience and requires students to actively participate in various activities, and find problems, solve problems and experience life in a series of activities such as doing, investigating, experimenting, exploring, designing, making, imagining, reflecting and experiencing. During the activities, students not only consolidated their knowledge of the subject, but also cultivated their habit of questioning, observing, experimenting and proposing practical solutions to daily life problems, and improved their interest in "discovery" and their ability to try to solve problems. Through active exploration and hands-on practice, let them personally experience how abstract theories have become accessible answers and enjoy the excitement of success.

2. Cultivate creative and developmental thinking ability.

In comprehensive practical activities, children's hands and brains interact to cultivate their creativity. In other words, students' imaginative things, through hands-on design and production, have become a reality, realizing ingenuity and analogy, and breaking the mystery of "creating inventions" and "scientific and technological creation". Comprehend and cultivate operational ability in practical operation. That is, in the process of personal practice and creation, enhance self-confidence and sense of accomplishment, stimulate curiosity and creative enthusiasm, and experience the fun of hands-on labor. It involves different knowledge fields of many disciplines and provides an effective carrier for children to implement quality education. For example, if you want to make a work, you should have rich subject knowledge, and then you should demonstrate the rationality, scientificity, aesthetics and practicality of the design. Every step requires students' creative and developmental thinking and various scientific knowledge. In each production process, the pursuit of different, unconventional, did not complete a work, greatly improving the rigor of students' thinking.

3. The ability to collect and process information has been improved.

There are many projects in comprehensive practical activities that need to prepare a lot of materials, collect and sort out a lot of information and deal with it.

When dealing with a lot of complicated information, students who used to wait for the internet to collect information are passive. Although some of the collected information covers a large area, they are not good at sorting it out. Teachers used to complain a lot about doing more practical activities, but once children have a strong interest in learning, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly. Some children used to play a game and type a few words online, but now they can skillfully use the search function to find information, learn search methods and make tables. Some children were enthusiastic, but they were helpless. Through the activities, they learned that before doing things, they should have plans and goals, and make detailed, thorough and comprehensive preparations, instead of rushing into things in disorder. From the display of students' grades, we can see that students have been able to actively and purposefully collect, sort out and classify the collected materials, and choose valuable materials to show and report to everyone.

4. Improve communication and cooperation skills.

With the rapid development of economy today, cooperation consciousness and cooperation ability have become important qualities for people's survival and development.

Comprehensive practical activities provide a place and platform for teachers and students to study, explore and study problems together, and establish a dialogue and interactive teaching model. The teaching process is a process of knowledge construction and life collision, and it is also a process of emotional communication between teachers and students and between classmates. Adopting the form of group and paying attention to learning activities and cooperative learning will often get twice the result with half the effort. Cooperative learning can promote students' emotional and social development and enhance their understanding and communication. Putting students in the actual situation of daily social life is the most valuable way to attract students to learn meaningfully. For example, in the production of school science and technology websites, all students in the group need to give full play to the spirit of teamwork, learn from each other's strengths and learn from each other's strengths. Students with strong organizational and leadership skills are responsible for organizing and planning; Students with strong hands-on ability are responsible for programming; Flexible and careful students are responsible for editing; Students with artistic expertise are responsible for painting, poster design and production ... In a group, students always have room to show their strengths, from discussing and exploring topics, to making and programming, to packaging and recommendation. Those students who didn't like talking before can now express themselves freely and establish close relationships with their classmates. Communicate in groups, study and seek answers together, and strengthen collective learning and unity. In the activity, not only the students' personalities were publicized, but also the students experienced the fun of mutual communication and teamwork.

The cultivation of primary school students' scientific literacy cannot be achieved overnight. Therefore, educators should not only make full use of the main position of classroom teaching, but also take comprehensive practical activities as the supplement and extension of classroom teaching, strive to find the combination point and penetration point conducive to cultivating students' scientific literacy, guide students to study, explore, practice and innovate, and constantly and imperceptibly sow the seeds of science and innovation in students' minds.