What were ancient house covers called? Is there an elegant name?

The roofs of ancient Chinese buildings can be categorized into the following forms: hipped roofs, hipped roofs, overhanging roofs, hard roofs, saved pointed roofs, and box roofs.

The hipped roofs, hipped roofs and peaked roofs are divided into two types: single-eaved (one eave) and double-eaved (two or more eaves), while hipped roofs, peaked roofs and peaked roofs can be derived from rolled roofs.

In addition to the functionality of the roof of ancient buildings, or a symbol of rank. Its rank size in order: heavy eaves hipped roof & gt; heavy eaves hipped roof & gt; heavy eaves roof & gt; heavy eaves roof & gt; single eaves hipped roof & gt; single eaves hipped roof & gt; single eaves roof & gt; single eaves roof & gt; overhanging roof & gt; hard hill roof & gt; out of the box roof.

In addition, in addition to the above types of roofs, there are fan tops, 10,000 word tops, helmet tops, hooked tops, cross tops, vaulted tops, coupon tops, flat tops, single-sloped tops, gray back tops and other special forms.

1, hipped roof:

That is, hipped roof, Song Dynasty, called "hipped" or "four a roof", Qing Dynasty, called "hipped" or "five ridge". The hipped roof, called "hipped" or "four-apron" in the Song Dynasty, "hipped" or "five-apron" in the Qing Dynasty, and "yukidou-zukuri" in Japanese, is a type of roofing style used in the ancient architecture of China, Japan and Korea.

In China it is the highest rank among the roof styles, higher than the Heshan style. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, only the royal family and the temple of Confucius were allowed to use it. It was also seen in Buddhist temple buildings during the Tang Dynasty and in Japan. However, hipped roofs were used in the coastal areas of Fujian and in the homes of the Ryukyus in order to protect them from the wind.

The hipped roof is a five-ridged, four-sloped type with "four water outlets," consisting of a main ridge and four hanging ridges (or bump ridges)*** five ridges, and is therefore also called a five-ridged hall. Because the roof has four slopes, it is also known as the four A roof.

The hipped roof is divided into two kinds of single eaves and heavy eaves, the so-called heavy eaves, that is, under the roof, the corners of the four corners of a short eave, forming the second eave. The Palace of Imperial China's Hall of Supreme Harmony is a heavy eaves hipped roof, while the Palace of Imperial China's Hall of Yinghua, Hongyi Pavilion, Body Ren Pavilion is a single eaves hipped roof.

2, hiatus roof :

that is, hiatus roof, the Song Dynasty, called the nine ridge hall, Cao Hall or Xia two made, the Qing Dynasty to change the present name, also known as the nine ridge roof. One of the roof styles of ancient Chinese architecture, second only to the hipped roof in terms of specifications. Heshan roof has also been imported into other parts of East Asia, Japan is called into the mother house made.

Heshan roof appeared later than the hipped roof, its style can be seen in the earliest stone carvings in Han Que, in the Han Dynasty, Ming ware, the North Dynasty grottoes on the mural, can also see the heshan roof. The earliest surviving hipped-roofed building is the Tang Dynasty Nanchan Temple Hall in Wutai Mountain.

3, hanging roof:

That is, the hanging roof, the Song Dynasty, said "not the building of the two ends", the Qing Dynasty, said "hanging", "picking", also known as the "out of the mountain". "Izan", is a roof style of ancient Chinese architecture, but also to Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam, the Japanese word is cut wife made. In ancient times, the overhanging roof was ranked lower than the hipped roof and the hiatus roof, and only higher than the hard roof, and was used only for folk buildings, and was one of the most common forms of general architecture in East Asia.

The overhanging mountain has one main ridge and four hanging ridges. It is characterized by the fact that the individual trusses or purlins are not enclosed in the face of the mountain wall at both ends as in the case of the hard mountain. Instead, they are directly extended beyond the wall to support the roof part of the overhanging outside. That is to say, the overhanging building not only has front and rear gables, but also has gables with the same size as the front and rear gables at both ends. Thus, the two parts of the mountain are in a state of overhang, hence the name.

The overhanging roof was an early style of two-sided sloping roofs, but it was not used for important buildings before the Tang Dynasty. Compared with the hard roof, the overhanging roof is good for rain protection, while the hard roof is good for wind and fire protection, so the southern residential houses are mostly overhanging, while the northern ones are more hard.

4, hard mountain roof:

that is, hard mountain roof, is one of the traditional Chinese architecture double slope roof form. The two sides of the house wall with the roof flush or slightly above the roof. The roof is divided into two slopes in front and back by the horizontal ridge in the center, and the left and right walls are either flush with the roof or higher than the roof.

The higher wall is called the fire-sealing wall, and its main function is to prevent the fire from spreading down the house in case of fire. However, it is also quite stylized in terms of its appearance. It is often used in traditional Chinese folk residential buildings.

5, save pointed roof

The roof of the building at the top of the intersection for a point, forming a pointed roof, this building is called save pointed building, its roof is called save pointed roof. Save the tip of the roof, the Song Dynasty, called "handful of tips", "bucket tip", the Qing Dynasty, called "save the tip", is an ancient Chinese traditional architecture of a roof style, the Japanese said Bao form made.

It is characterized by a conical roof, there is no ridge, the top is concentrated in one point, that is, the top of the treasure, the roof is often used in pavilions, pavilions, pavilions and towers and other buildings. In Japan, it is often used in tea rooms.

6, out of the box

Out of the box is an ancient Chinese traditional architecture of a roof style, the top of the four ridges surrounded by a flat roof, under the hipped roof. Outdoor beam structure with four columns, plus square erase angle or grill beam, forming a four-cornered or octagonal roof. The top of the flat roof is surrounded by a circle of eaves.

Outdoor roof is more commonly used in the Jin and Yuan periods, many houses in the Yuan capital for the outdoor roof, the Ming and Qing dynasties there are also many outdoor roof buildings. For example, in the Ming Dynasty Imperial Palace of Qin'an Hall, Qing Dynasty Yingtai Xiangluan Pavilion is out of the box.

Often used in the emperor's temple in the well pavilion of the top of the mouth, the ancient well pavilion above the open air, called the box top.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Roof

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Baidu Encyclopedia-Hipped Roof

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