Foreign painting school of painting school

Impressionism is a painting school that rose in France in the second half of the19th century. Impressionist painting pays attention to the change of painting color modeling, introduces the scientific concepts of light and color into painting, innovates the traditional inherent color concept, and establishes modern sketch colorimetry with light source color and environmental color as the core. The unique aesthetic value of color form has been established, and the novel form has laid the foundation for the emergence of modern art.

Impressionism is named after a painting "Sunrise-Impression" by impressionist painter Monet, which was exhibited in the "unsuccessful salon" and caused ridicule by many critics. Innovative painters use the mocking word "impression" as the name of the painting school, which is also in line with the impressionist concept: pay attention to the instantaneous impression of light and color, capture the real instantaneous impression of the scene, and express it with gorgeous and bold colors.

cause

The pursuit of art is the pursuit of constant innovation and change. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the center of western art was in France, and the influential official academic school still dominated the French painting circle. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, some young painters in French painting circles opposed the official academic art and strongly opposed the official censorship, because their innovative works could not be exhibited in the official salon. They demand artistic innovation and creative freedom, and often gather in the Galbova Cafe in Paris to exchange their views on art freely and seek the road of artistic innovation together. In the development of western painting, painters always introduce the scientific achievements at that time into artistic creation. With the advent of the research results of optics and chromatics, Charles Henry later directly combined light and color with aesthetics and applied them to artistic rules, which deeply influenced and inspired painters who pursued innovation. They try to describe pure "external light" and analyze new color relations, and combine the laws of natural science with their artistic views to create. They believe that all objects in nature are illuminated by light and their images appear; Everything is a combination of different colors, and sunlight is composed of seven primary colors. Without light and color, there is no world. They also believe that painters should understand the world mainly from the perspective of light and color. Light is the mother of color, and only with light can there be color. Any specific images and events in the world are just media to transmit light and color, and their own significance is secondary! This artistic concept has become their dominant ideology, thus dominating their creative activities. Due to the suppression of the official academic school, these young painters' exploration and innovation works could not be exhibited in the official salon, so * * * held an "unsuccessful salon exhibition" in 1863, which was severely criticized by the academic classicism. The young painter didn't lose heart, but worked hard 10 years. 1874, the exhibition "Association of Unknown Artists, Oil Painters, Sculptors and Printmakers" was held in the center of Paris, which shocked the painting world. This exhibition shows a landscape painting by Monet called Impression Sunrise. A writer named Leroy published an article commenting on this exhibition, entitled "An Impressionist Exhibition". "Impressionism" got its name from this. The second exhibition was held in 1876, with 20 artists participating. This exhibition simply played the banner of "Impressionist Art Exhibition", from which Impressionism entered the French painting world, spread to Europe and influenced the world.

Artistic feature

The greatest creation of impressionist painting is that they broke the traditional concept of "inherent color" in the use of color and were loyal to the painter's own real visual feelings. The color of painting is determined by the change of light.

Impressionist painters often use broken colors to express objects. On the one hand, it conveys the "movement" of natural scenery, on the other hand, it can improve the purity of color and the brightness of the picture, so that it can be appreciated from a certain distance as a whole, more vivid, rich and realistic, and increase the artistic charm of the work.

Impressionist painters go outdoors and sketch directly from the scene, so the frame of their works is relatively small; The brush strokes are obvious; Painters pay more attention to the study and expression of color, so they will pay more attention to the input of feeling rather than emotion.

Because impressionist painters regard "light" and "color" as the main purposes pursued by painters, they inevitably stay in the feeling stage and stay in the "instant" impression, thus denying the essence and content of things.

Undeniably, impressionist painters have made important discoveries in sunlight exploration and color analysis, and enriched their painting skills in the expression of light and color. They advocate going out of the studio, facing the natural scenery and sketching, and grasping the instant impression with quick methods, which makes the picture look extremely fresh and vivid, revealing the rich and splendid scenes of nature, which is a great contribution to artistic creation. Their art belongs to the category of realism, their art is the artistic embodiment of pursuing democracy, freedom and equality, and their artistic creation is of innovative and progressive significance.

Representative figure

Monet: (Goldgate 1840- 1926)

One of the founders of impressionism. At first I studied under Budan, and later I turned to the description of external light. Manet and Turner's works inspired him greatly. Often in different time and light, the same object is depicted in multiple pictures, and great achievements have been made in the use of color. Representative works include Impression of Sunrise, Water Lily and Rouen Cathedral.

MANET: (Edward MANET 1832- 1883)

On the basis of traditional painting, he innovated techniques and was good at using bright and loud colors, concise and accurate brushstrokes, reducing intermediate tones and strengthening the contrast between light and shade. His achievements are mainly manifested in external light and portrait painting. His works include The Piper Boy, Zola and Olympia.

Degas: (Edgar Degas 1834- 19 17)

He is good at depicting the instantaneous dynamics of objects from an unusual angle and depicting the soft colors of people and things in light and sunlight. Themes are mostly taken from ballet theaters, cafes and racetracks. In addition to oil painting tools, he also used color matching tools and later made sculptures. His works include Dance Class, Band Seats in Paris Opera House, Laundry Woman, Dancers on the Stage, etc.

Renoir: (Pierre Auguste Renoir1841-1919)

He is famous for his oil paintings and also makes sculptures and prints. Once studied under Greer, he was able to combine traditional painting with impressionist methods in his creation. With gorgeous and transparent colors, it shows the tremor of sunshine and air and the clearness of the atmosphere, which is unique. His works include Box, Naked Woman in the Sun, Ball at Gallette Mill, etc. basic concept

"Abstraction" is a concept relative to "concreteness", and it is a new concept that combines the commonalities of various things. This concept is called "abstraction".

Color development method

The development trend of abstract painting can be roughly divided into:

(1) geometric abstraction (or cold abstraction) This is based on Cezanne's theory and developed through cubism, constructivism and neo-formalism. It is characterized by a tendency to be geometric. This school of painting can be represented by mondriaan.

(2) Lyrical abstraction (or hot abstraction) This is based on Gauguin's artistic concept, developed from Fauvism and Expressionism, and has a romantic tendency. This painting school is represented by ﹝Kandinsky﹞.

Representative painter

W kandinsky (1866 ~ 94), a representative painter of lyric abstraction, is the "father of abstract painting" and the leader of the German expressionist group "Blue Knight". Masterpieces: Composition No.4 (War) (191,collection room, Faria's works of art west of the Rhine, Du Cerf), Composition Exercise No.7 (19 13, Diakov Gallery, Moscow).

Mondriaan (P. Mondrian, 1872 ~ 1944) is a representative painter of geometric abstraction school. He combined horizontal lines and vertical lines on a plane into a right angle or rectangle, in which three primary colors of red, yellow and blue were arranged, but sometimes gray was used. He is the leader of the Dutch deStijl, and his masterpiece "Yellow and Blue".