Brief introduction of Qiang music How many kinds of folk songs are there in Qiang?

Qiang people are mainly distributed in Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous County, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. Others are distributed in Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui, Songpan and other places with a population of more than 300,000. Qiang language is a branch of Burmese language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and it is also a commonly used Chinese character. Qiang folk music is mainly folk songs and song and dance music.

Including folk songs, labor songs, folk songs and wizard songs. There are two kinds of songs and dances: festival songs and dances and funeral dances.

Qiang folk songs are called "Lana" or "lasso" in Qiang language. Generally speaking, the rhythm of singing in the workplace or mountainous areas is relatively free. It consists of two or four phrases, some of which have curved heads or curved tails, thus forming three or five phrases. Singing forms include solo and duet. There are many bitter songs in traditional lyrics, which reflect the bitter days of Qiang people in the old society. Since 1949, the Qiang people have compiled many folk songs praising their new life.

Labor songs include plowing, harvesting, weeding, tearing corn husks, playing games, making firewood, playing house and so on. Some rhythms are free, similar to folk songs. There are some regular beats, close to singing and dancing. The forms of labor songs are solo, chorus and duet. The largest number of songs in Labor is Corn Skin, and some songs are lively, cohesive and warm. Some rhythms are slow and melodious.

Folk songs are specially designed for traditional customs and ceremonies, including wedding songs, wine songs and folk songs. Wedding songs include wedding songs and holiday songs. Wedding songs are also called sister songs. On the eve of a girl's wedding, the woman who accompanied the bride sang this song with the bride. Festival songs are songs sung by the groom's family to celebrate the wedding. It includes praise for the bride's beauty and dress, as well as congratulations. The singing forms of wedding songs mainly include duet and duet, duet and collective duet.

Wine is a song sung at weddings and funerals. Generally, it consists of 4~6 phrases with slow rhythm, melodious tunes and simple style. There are many paragraphs in the lyrics, including greetings and entertainment between the host and the guest. Some people tell family history or praise ancient heroes. Shandiao is a lyric song with free genre. According to the custom of Qiang people, young men and women play in the mountains on the fifth day of the first lunar month, commonly known as playing stockade. Playing folk songs is the song sung on this occasion.

Wizard songs are songs sung by wizards when they ask God to send ghosts. There are some ancient folk stories and legends preserved in it. For example, Zeqi Gebu, Mu Jie Zhu He fought for several Geren. Rap and rap alternate, and there is an episode of beating a sheepskin drum.

The lyrics of Qiang folk songs have four syllables in each sentence. When singing, you usually sing two or four sentences first. Folk songs have the same title as wine songs. In addition, each lyric of Wenchuan and Lixian has seven syllables, and these songs have no title. The scales used in Qiang folk songs are mainly pentatonic and hexatonic. Some folk songs use four-tone sequences and seven-tone sequences, and there are few complete seven-tone sequences. In addition to various modes with duo, la, mi, la and la as the main tones, some folk songs also adopt special modes composed of duo, la, la, la, la, la and la. In Qiang folk songs, the sixth scale is widely used, and most of them have the characteristics of the fifth scale, that is, mi, do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, mi, sol, la, si and do are not played with semitones, but appear in different phrases or passages respectively, or only a part of fa or si appears in the end. Many folk songs use this technique to form a unique style. In addition, examples of continuous tone sandhi in folk songs also occur from time to time. Some Qiang people in Panxian are used to singing folk songs with two or more voices, and the harmony structure is divided into three, four and five degrees on the basis of two degrees. In addition to male and female chorus and chorus, there are mixed chorus. Some choruses already have polyphonic elements.

Music includes funeral songs and dances and festivals. Funeral songs and dances used in funeral ceremonies do not show sadness, but mainly praise the dead and comfort their loved ones. Festival songs and dances are widely used in various festival activities. During the performance, people divided into two groups and formed a circle, singing and dancing in turn. Take the form of a duet. The dances of Qiang people in different places are similar, but the music is different.

Qiang folk musical instruments include kouxian, Qiangdi and suona, as well as one-sided drums and chimes used by wizards. The reed is made of bamboo, which is integral, and can emit two overtones with real tones, or two reeds with real tones with a difference of two degrees. Qiangdi is a vertical double-tube double-reed instrument with two homophones. However, due to the lack of customized instruments, the rhythm is different. Usually, the music played consists of a series of continuous second vibrato. The melody is slow and long, and there are no obvious phrases. When playing, use air circulation to make the music continuous.