Who knows the characteristics of Hakka Dragon House?

Hakka traditional houses, represented by earth buildings, dragon houses and palace houses, have various types and styles. However, their firmness, security, closeness and family settlement are their outstanding characteristics.

1. Durability

At present, the round and square earth buildings in Fujian and Guangdong have a history of 200-300 years or even 500-600 years. They have been washed away by wind and rain, attacked by strong earthquakes and typhoons, and are safe and sound so far, standing tall in the mountains.

Such a solid residential building cannot be separated from careful site selection, scientific design, materials and construction methods. At present, this paper only makes some explanations from the building materials and construction methods of tulou.

The wall of tulou is thicker at the bottom and thinner at the top, some of which are as high as 1.5 meters. When ramming, deep and large trench is dug in the wall foundation, and stones are used as the foundation to tamp and bury it, and then the wall foundation is built with stones and mortar. Then tamp the wall with sandwich panels. The raw material of the earth wall is mainly local clay red soil, mixed with appropriate amount of pebbles and lime, which is commonly known as repeatedly mashed and mixed. In order to increase its viscosity, Chinese fir branches or bamboo pieces should be buried in the middle of the soil wall to increase its tension. In this way, after repeated tamping, a steel-concrete earth wall was built, and a layer of lime was coated outside to prevent weathering and erosion, making it strong and abnormal, with good wind and earthquake resistance. According to Yongding County Records, it is 198.

2. Security

Historically, Hakkas were originally Han Chinese in the Central Plains. After they moved south to the mountainous area at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, it was very safe to build earth buildings and tightly guarded houses in order to prevent looting by indigenous people and bandits and attacks by wild animals.

For example, an earth building like an ancient castle has no outward windows on the first and second floors, or only a stone window as slender as a hole. On the third and fourth floors, each room has large windows facing outward, which is not only conducive to lighting and air circulation, but also a loophole for observing the enemy's situation and shooting outward. The doorframe and doorsill of the tulou door are all stones, and the thickness of the door panel is about 10cm. Some doors are dug obliquely. You can film it and pour boiling water. Fireproof water tanks and sinks are installed at the gates of some earth buildings. If the invading enemy sets fire to the door, as long as you press the switch, water will flow down the door to put out the fire and protect the door. Earth buildings are already strong and abnormal, but some earth buildings have rammed walls just in case. In case the outer wall is blown open by gunfire, the earth building is still supported by the wall and safe. There are various living facilities in the tulou:

Step 3 close

Every room, hall and patio in Hakka dwellings, whether earth buildings or enclosed houses or Wufeng buildings, are connected by corridors, alleys and stairs to facilitate residents' lives. However, they are completely isolated from the outside world. Generally, there is only one front door and one back door, or one front door and two side doors. In case of emergency, all horizontal houses and semi-circular closed houses in closed houses are equipped with gatehouses.

4. Family residence

Hakka earth building, Longwei building and Wufeng building are generally large in scale. The "Chengqi Building" in Yongding has more than 300 rooms, covering an area of 5,376 square meters. The "Heritage Building" has five floors, with an area of 10336 square meters, and there are 5/kloc-0 halls alone. No wonder a Japanese architecture professor wrote after reading Yongding tulou.

Such a huge residence is just to adapt to the characteristics of social living. At most, there are 80 households with more than 600 people living in the "Chengqi Building". In my hometown, there are more than 300 rooms in the Dragon House of Roche, with 50 families and 350 people living in Roche. Although there are many households, there are many rooms, halls and patios, which can form a small living unit with halls, patios and several rooms.

It is worth mentioning that the ancestral hall is the "heart" of earth buildings and enclosed houses. This is where the heads of families get together to discuss. On holidays, every family comes here with all kinds of offerings to worship their ancestors. When a man gets married, he must worship heaven and earth in the ancestral hall, knock on his ancestors and entertain guests. After his daughter gets married, he can put on the hijab and set foot on the great circle symbolizing reunion.