Terminology used in writing

1. What should I pay attention to when writing a composition? If you do something wrong, use your father's harsh words. If your father is teaching you the truth of being a man, be serious.

Do not add anything after the ellipsis.

Yes: red leaves, Xiaoming's shoes ... add a noun after "yes". If it is an abbreviation, leave it after "yes".

Fred: Run fast, jump high and see far ... The adjective "de" is followed by an abbreviation. Xiaoming runs really fast. Xiaoming runs really fast.

Deliberately: say happily ... verbs are put behind, abbreviations are put behind.

So you should understand, (* _ _ *) hee hee.

2. Evaluating the language of a composition gives you a way to evaluate a composition. Composition evaluation has both evaluation function and guidance function.

Exquisite comments can often arouse students' interest in writing, ignite their enthusiasm for writing and activate their creative thinking. Therefore, when evaluating students' compositions, teachers must carefully write composition evaluation, so that composition evaluation has six "natures".

I. Accuracy When evaluating students' compositions, teachers should follow the age characteristics of primary school students in different periods and their understanding of the laws of things, be correct and objective, and don't belittle themselves at will, let alone seek perfection and blame. Comments should be specific and clear, grasp the main problems in students' exercises and comment, point out the direction for students, alert them and gain something.

For example, the teacher found that the students' writing style was unreasonable, and they could not write an unreasonable sentence casually. Instead, it is necessary to specifically point out the root of language barriers, what kind of mistakes they belong to, and how to avoid them. And prescribe "the right medicine" like Hua Tuo. Second, the emotional teacher should use emotions to infect people and discover his heart with his own heart.

You can call them by their first names, or you can kindly add a word "Xiao" to open your heart, like chatting at home, like catching up with relatives and friends, and gently touch the students' heartstrings. In this way, after reading the teacher's affectionate comments, students feel that the teacher is paying close attention to him, appreciating him with affection and discovering him with love, which can not only shorten the psychological distance between teachers and students, but also make the relationship between teachers and students harmonious and harmonious, greatly improving students' interest in reading comments.

3. Talk about the language of oral composition. I am a grass. I don't have colorful clothes or colorful hats. But the girls of the four seasons will dress me in different colors in different seasons. For example, in autumn, the girls in autumn will dress me in golden clothes. I like the green clothes that teacher Chun wears for me best. Green clothes make me look particularly tall and straight.

I have many good friends around me: Xiaohua, Cao Cao and so on. We talk and laugh together every day, play games together and grow together. We are happy every day.

However, the good times did not last long. Gradually, people ran around us, and many people fought on the grass. We suffer every day and live a miserable life. A few days later, the little flower bent down and the grass fell to the ground and could not get up again. I was also seriously injured, bent over, and like other partners, I could never get up again, and I could never go back to the happy times of the past. Every day, I bend over to watch my friends fall down and look at their sad expressions. I will cry silently ... I hate people's cruelty and exchange our sadness for their happiness!

A few months later, I saw a little girl who often paid attention to us. When she saw people treating flowers and plants cruelly, she also showed a sad expression. One day, the little girl looked at it and suddenly ran away. Soon after, she ran back and put a wooden sign around the grass, which said, "Please take care of flowers and plants!" " "Five words. I was moved to tears. ...

Later, fewer and fewer people stepped on the grass, and people walked through the grass in twos and threes to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Finally, no one hurt us, my face smiled again, and my friends and I can spend every day happily again. I haven't forgotten my daughter's kindness. I sincerely wish her and every kind person every day. ...

4. What are the expressive skills of literary works in the technical terms of articles? It refers to the writing principles, laws and methods adopted by writers to shape literary images and express the contents of their works. Specifically, the analysis of the expression skills of the article mainly refers to: first, the writer's skills in the use of expression and stylistic knowledge, and second, the use of rhetorical devices and other related writing skills.

Judging from the types of college entrance examination questions, the examination of expression ability requires students not only to judge what an expression ability is, but also to appreciate its expression function.

First, the narrator

1. First person: The narrative is cordial and natural, and it can freely express thoughts and feelings, giving readers a real and vivid feeling.

2. The second person said: enhance the lyricism and intimacy of the article and facilitate emotional communication.

3. The third person: can directly and objectively show colorful life, not limited by time and space, and reflect reality more flexibly and freely.

Second, the narrative mode

1. Sequential narration: it can be described clearly in a certain order (time or space).

2. Flashback: causing suspense and fascinating.

3. Interpolation: Make necessary preparations and supplementary explanations for the main plot or central event to make the plot more complete, the structure more rigorous and the content more substantial.

4. Supplement: Supplementary explanation of the above contents and some explanations below.

5. Plain description: commonly known as "two flowers bloom, one for each table", (referring to describing two or more things that happen at the same time) makes the clues clear and handled properly.

Third, describe

Generally speaking, description has the following functions: ① Reproduce natural scenery. ② Describe the appearance and inner world of the characters. ③ Explain the natural and social environment of the characters' activities.

1. Portrait, action description and psychological description: better show the inner world and personality characteristics of the characters.

2. Description of scenery: Describe the natural scenery in detail, create an atmosphere, and set off the emotions and thoughts of the characters.

3. Description of environment and scene: Explain the background of the characters' activities, specify the time and place of the event, and render the atmosphere to better represent the characters.

4. Characters' dialogue description, psychological description and detail description: portray characters' personalities, reflect their psychological activities and promote the development of stories. It can also describe the voice of the characters and receive special effects.

5. Positive description and profile description: the positive directly shows people and things; Highlight people and things from the side.

Fourth, rhetoric.

1. Metaphor: turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple, abstract into concrete.

2. Metaphor: giving things an emotional form (personification), vivid description and rich expression.

Metonymy: replace complexity with simplicity, emptiness with truth, and everything with strangeness.

4. Exaggeration: contrast the atmosphere, enhance the appeal and enhance the association; Create an atmosphere, reveal the essence and inspire people.

5. Duality: easy to recite, easy to remember, so that words have a sense of music; Concise ideographic and lyrical.

6. Parallelism: the rhythm is distinct, the content is concentrated, and the momentum is enhanced; The narrative is thorough and detailed; Good at lyric.

7. Repetition: the lyrical writing of the scenery is strong; Connecting the preceding with the following, distinguishing levels; It has been emphasized many times, which is impressive.

8. Contrast: Make the characteristics of things expressed or the rational viewpoints expounded more distinct and prominent.

9. Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, ask questions, and arouse readers' thinking.

10. rhetorical question: emphasize tone, strong tone and strengthen emotion.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) structural arrangement

Skills of layout planning: cut to the chase, echo from beginning to end, show ambition, pave the way, deepen layer by layer, spread too much, set clues; Compact structure and complete symmetry; Lift the ground and take care of it; Set suspense, create waves, connect and merge, and have twists and turns. Whether the relationship between materials and the center is properly handled and whether the primary and secondary details are appropriate; Whether the materials are typical, authentic, novel and powerful.

Narrative texts are often arranged according to the passage of time, the transformation of space, the change of scenes and the logical order of thinking. The clues of prose conception generally include: taking emotion as the clue; Take reason as a clue; Take things as clues; Take spatial location as a clue.

Clarify the function of sentences in different positions in the text from the structure;

1, the first sentence-leads to the full text, and the outline leads to the following, paving the way for the back-* * *;

2, the last sentence-summary of the full text, deepen the theme, take into account the above, echo before and after, meaning endless, memorable.

3, into a sentence-connecting the preceding with the following, transition, undertaking the above, leading to the following;

4. Central sentence-point out the center and reveal the main idea;

5, the finishing touch-point out the center of the full text and lead the full text; The sentence is profound, thought-provoking and enlightening after reading.

6, emotional sentences-express strong inner feelings, express your chest directly;

7. Contradictory sentence-it is self-contradictory literally, but the author has profound meaning. Reveal profound connotations and express profound opinions.

5. Explanatory writing skills and common vocabulary and language. Summary of writing skills of expository writing. Explanatory text is used to explain or illustrate theories, methods, processes or some abstract situations. The expository articles mentioned here are mainly articles written according to the specific charts in TOEFL. The article only conveys the information in the chart, not the opinions. There is no need to convince people by reasoning. To write a composition according to the chart, we must first look at the chart and understand the information contained in the chart. To this end, we should pay attention to three aspects. The second is to study the theme of the chart and understand the content and its relationship; Third, pay attention to the explanation or legend of the chart to avoid misunderstanding. In short, we should study the chart carefully, understand and judge accurately, and not make hasty decisions, so as not to lose points in the content of the article. After reading the chart, you should immediately think about what the article wants to express. There are two constraints to understand here: first, the writing time is only more than 20 minutes, and you can't make a long speech; Secondly, there are so many contents in the chart that it is impossible to explain them one by one, nor can it be written as a boring running account. When considering trade-offs, we should pay attention to megatrends, situations, interrelationships, typical cases or data. After mastering these, other contents are actually included, so there is no need to mention them. There is no fixed pattern in the writing of articles, but it is impossible to change too much due to the limitation of subject matter. The first paragraph must explain the nature and purpose of the chart. There is no such thing. It is difficult to highlight the theme of the article. The division of natural paragraphs is based on the principle of clarity. For example, the first paragraph talks about the purpose of the chart, the rest of the natural paragraphs should be divided according to the main points, and the last paragraph can talk about its own understanding and views (or not). The key to writing is to give examples after each point, and then move on to the next point. You can't ignore the organization of the article and leave the content of your own thinking casually. In terms of language, you should pay attention. Try to avoid repeating a sentence pattern. When there is a lot of juxtaposition, try to string together the contents of the general year with conjunctions or relational words to serve the theme of the article. The idea of the full text can be expressed by topic sentences, natural paragraphs and logical words. Let readers feel that the author's thinking is clear and the full text is an organic whole. When you encounter many similar vocabulary phrases, you can try to change them. What cannot be changed can be made up by changing sentences. First of all, explain the meaning and classification of the text. The so-called expository article is an article that mainly expresses things and clarifies them, giving people knowledge. It makes people understand the shape, structure, nature, types, causes, functions, relationships or concepts, characteristics, sources, evolution, similarities and differences of things through the explanation of entity things or abstract arrangement.

Giving priority to explanation is a sign that explanatory writing is different from other styles in expression. Among all kinds of article styles, descriptive style is a relatively independent category.

In people's social life, expository text shows its important role and practical value. Real life fully shows that expository writing is not an insignificant article form, but a common style widely used, which is closely related to people's production, work and life, and due to the needs of social life, expository writing is emerging in large numbers.

With regard to the classification of expository texts, people now have different classification methods from different angles according to their own standards. According to the expression of expository texts, we can generally divide them into three categories: one is explanatory expository texts; Second, narrative explanatory text; Third, literature expository.

Explanatory exposition that explains things and things from several different aspects is called explanatory exposition. Texts or teaching materials about history, geography, physics, chemistry, animals and plants, science and health, language and literature, scientific experiment reports, and instructions on the use of utensils all belong to this category.

A descriptive exposition that introduces things through a simple overview or plot is called a narrative exposition. Synopsis of various operas in movies and TV series, abstracts of literary works such as novels, explanations of comic books or some photographic photos, etc. All fall into this category.

An expository article that introduces and explains things in an intuitive way is called a literary expository article. This kind of expository writing is more literary.

Knowledge sketch (or scientific sketch), scenic spots and historical sites and descriptions of cultural relics all belong to this category. Generally speaking, the first two writing methods are relatively plain, focusing on the detailed description of things or things.

The latter style is lively and interesting, and mostly adopts literary style. Second, the characteristics of the explanatory text The explanatory text has the following characteristics: 1 Explanatory The so-called explanatory writing refers to the way that explanatory writing mainly uses explanations, focusing on the truthful introduction and brief explanation of objective things or events, so as to make people know.

As far as the overall style is concerned, the characteristics of expository writing are significantly different from narrative writing and argumentative writing. Narrative describes the activities of characters, the process of events, the state of scenery, and the author's impression of characters, events and scenery, focusing on narration and description, focusing on making people feel something; Argumentative papers analyze the essence, laws and characteristics of things through logical argumentation, put forward opinions and express opinions, mainly in the form of discussion, focusing on making people realize; For example, Gorky described a specific scene of my childhood reading, vividly showing the picture of the characters reading, which is narrative; * * * wrote a section on "Learning" in "China's Position in the National War", discussing the importance, task and correct attitude towards learning, expounding opinions and demonstrating facts, which is argumentative; Reading notes introduce several common methods of taking reading notes in concise words: "The first is to mark the book"; "The second method is to extract, that is, copy the key points, important materials, wonderful sentences or paragraphs in the book in the notebook"; "The third method is to write an abstract of the whole article or book"; "There is also a writing experience (after reading)"; In addition to the above methods, you can also use cards.

The full text has neither specific description nor analysis and demonstration, but mainly introduces the specific methods of taking reading notes in detail by explaining things clearly, so that people can gain learning experience after reading. This is illustrative.

Because the purpose of writing is different, because the content of expression is different.

6. The outline of idioms describing a well-organized and rigorous article is open to everyone.

Gongga ·jǔ· incarnation morigong

Description outline: the main rope on the fish net; Lift: lift. As soon as the rope was lifted, all the meshes were opened. It is a metaphor to grasp the key of things and drive other links. It also means that the article is well organized.

The source is Han's "White Tiger Tong, Three Outlines and Six Disciplines": "If the network has discipline, it will be full of eyes." Han Zhengxuan's Preface to Poetry: "Read the outline, solve a volume and make it clear."

Structural combination.

Usage metaphor grasps the main link of things; You can drive everything; It also means that the article is well organized. Generally used as subject and complement; You can also make sentences independently.

Classification class; You can't write "steel" or "just".

Synonym outline

Antonym inversion

Example: Although the work is complicated; But as long as we can grasp the key; Yes ~; Drive all aspects.