Main hazard sources and main accident categories and causes in metallurgical plants

The metallurgical production process not only has the hazards of high heat energy and high potential energy determined by the metallurgical process, but also has the hazards of toxic, harmful, flammable, explosive, high temperature and high pressure that are inherent in chemical production. At the same time, there are also injuries from machinery, vehicles, and falls from high places. In particular, accidents such as splashes and explosions of molten steel and molten iron, gas poisoning, combustion, and explosions that easily occur in metallurgical production are extremely serious. In addition, the main processes and equipment of metallurgical production are highly dependent on auxiliary systems. For example, a sudden power outage may cause molten iron and molten steel to solidify in the furnace, and the gas network pipe pressure may suddenly drop, leading to major accidents. Therefore, the hazard sources in metallurgical plants are characterized by complex risk factors, large mutual influence, wide range of influence, and serious injuries.

(1) The main sources of danger in iron-making production and the main accident categories and causes

Iron-making production technology and equipment are complex, there are many types of operations, the operating environment is poor, and the labor intensity is high. The main sources of danger in the ironmaking production process are: smoke, noise, high-temperature radiation, molten iron and slag splashing and explosion, blast furnace gas poisoning, blast furnace gas combustion explosion, pulverized coal explosion, injuries to machinery and vehicles, and dangers of working at heights. wait. According to accident data statistics over the years, the main accident categories in ironmaking production, sorted by the number of accidents, are: scalding, machine tool injuries, vehicle injuries, object strikes, gas poisoning and various explosions. In addition, electric shocks, falling accidents from heights, and occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and chronic carbon monoxide poisoning also occur frequently. The main causes of accidents are: human factors, management reasons and material reasons. The main human reasons are illegal operations, followed by misoperation and physical fatigue. The most important management reasons are lack of understanding or familiarity with operating techniques and unreasonable labor organization; followed by lack of on-site inspection guidance, incomplete safety regulations, and technical and design defects. The main material reasons are defects in facilities (equipment) and tools, lack of or defective personal protective equipment; secondly, defective protective safety devices and poor working environment conditions.

(2) Main hazard sources and main accident categories and causes in the steelmaking production process

High-temperature operation lines in steelmaking production are long, there are many types of equipment and operations, and lifting Operations and transportation operations are frequent, and the main hazard sources include: high-temperature radiation, molten steel and slag splashing and explosions, oxygen gun backfire combustion explosions, gas poisoning, vehicle injuries, lifting injuries, machine injuries, and falling injuries from heights, etc. The main accident categories in steelmaking production include: burns and explosions caused by oxygen tempering, molten steel and slag splashing, lifting injuries, vehicle injuries, machine tool injuries, object strikes, falls from heights, and electric shock and gas poisoning accidents . Statistics show that the main causes of safety accidents in steelmaking production are: manual illegal operations and misoperations, poor operating environment conditions, defective equipment, unfamiliar operating techniques, lack of supervision, inspection and guidance at the work site, and incomplete or inadequate safety procedures. Not strict, unfamiliar with operating techniques, personal protective measures and supplies defective or lacking, etc.

(3) Main hazard sources and main accident types and causes in the steel rolling production process

Steel rolling production mainly consists of three main processes: heating, rolling and finishing. The process and equipment are complex, the operations are frequent, the operating environment temperature is high, and the noise and smoke are large. The main sources of danger are: high-temperature heating equipment, high-temperature logistics, high-speed mechanical equipment, flammable, explosive and toxic and harmful gases such as gas and oxygen, toxic and harmful chemical agents, electrical and hydraulic facilities, energy, lifting and transportation equipment, and operations, High temperature, noise and smoke effects, etc. According to comprehensive statistics of the metallurgical industry, safety accidents during the steel rolling production process are relatively serious in the entire metallurgical industry, higher than the average level of the entire industry. The main categories of accidents are: mechanical injuries, strikes by objects, lifting injuries, scalding, and high places. Falling, electric shock and explosion, etc. The main causes of accidents are: illegal operation and misoperation, defects in technical equipment and protective devices, unfamiliarity with safety technology and operating technology, defects in operating environment conditions, and lax implementation of safety rules and regulations.

(4) In metallurgical production, the main hazard sources, accident categories and causes existing in the gas and oxygen production process

1. The main hazards and accident categories and causes in the gas production process

The gases that are produced and used in large quantities in metallurgical production include: blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, converter gas, producer gas and ferroalloy gas. The composition and percentage of various gases are different. The main components are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. Coal gas is one of the main sources of danger in metallurgical production. Its main hazards are corrosion, poisoning, combustion and explosion. The main categories of gas accidents are: acute poisoning and suffocation accidents, fire and scalding accidents caused by combustion, and explosion injuries and damage accidents caused by explosions. The main causes of gas accidents in the metallurgical production process are: illegal operation or misoperation, defects in equipment (installation) and protective devices, lack of safety technical knowledge, lack of inspection guidance and monitoring measures on site, monitoring devices and personal protective equipment Lack of or defective equipment, as well as incomplete accident prevention and rescue measures, etc.

2. Main hazard sources, accident categories and causes in the oxygen production process

A large amount of oxygen is used in the metallurgical production process.

Oxygen is easy to support combustion and can burn with almost all combustible materials. It can easily explode when mixed with other combustible gases in a certain proportion. Its main danger is that it is easy to burn and explode. When oxygen is burned, the temperature is usually very high, the fire is fierce, and the disaster is serious. Scalding and burn accidents caused by oxygen combustion often burn large areas, deep depths, and are difficult to cure. Oxygen explosions are usually very powerful, violent, impactful, destructive and destructive. The main causes of oxygen accidents in the metallurgical production process are fires and burn accidents caused by oxygen combustion or combustion-supporting, and explosion accidents caused by oxygen explosion. The degree of injury and damage is very serious. Analysis and statistics show that the main causes of oxygen accidents in metallurgical production are: human illegal operations and misoperations, defects in equipment and facilities, lack of safety technical knowledge and unskilled operations, etc.

(5) Main hazard sources and main accident categories and causes of non-ferrous metal smelting and production

Non-ferrous metal smelting and production include copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and other rare and precious metals The production process of smelting and processing is characterized by complex equipment and processes, a wide range of equipment, facilities, and process types, cross-cutting operations, frequent operations, and many risk factors. The main sources of danger are: high temperature, noise, smoke hazards, poisoning, combustion and explosion hazards from toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases and other substances, the operation and operation hazards of various furnaces, the operation and operation hazards of high-energy and high-pressure equipment, high Dangerous working conditions, dangerous working conditions in complex environments, etc. The main accident categories include: mechanical injuries, vehicle injuries, lifting injuries, burning injuries caused by high temperatures and chemicals, poisoning and suffocation caused by toxic and harmful gases and chemicals, fires and explosions caused by flammable gases, falling accidents from heights, etc. . According to statistical analysis of past accidents, the main causes of safety accidents in non-ferrous metal smelting production are: illegal operations and unfamiliarity and ignorance of safe operating techniques, defects in process equipment and technical design, failure or defects of protective devices, and lack of inspection and guidance on site. , safety rules and regulations are not perfect or strictly enforced, and the working environment conditions are poor, etc.

(6) Main hazard sources and main accident categories and causes of gold smelting and production

The main hazard sources in the gold smelting and production process are: high temperature, noise, smoke hazards, cyanide Poisoning by chemicals and mercury, poisoning by flammable and explosive gases and other substances, dangers of combustion and explosion, dangers of operation and operation of high-energy and high-pressure equipment, dangers of working at heights, dangers of working in complex environments, etc. The main accident categories are: mechanical injuries, vehicle injuries, lifting injuries, burning injuries caused by high temperatures and chemicals, poisoning and suffocation caused by toxic and harmful gases and chemicals, fires and explosions caused by flammable gases, and falling accidents from heights. wait. According to the statistical analysis of past accidents, illegal operation or misoperation, defects in equipment (implementation) and protective devices, lack of safety technical knowledge, lack of inspection guidance on site, lack or defective monitoring measures, monitoring devices and personal protective equipment, and accidents Inadequate prevention and rescue measures, etc.