What are the ten most famous ancient Chinese zither? Preferably with sources

The "Horn Bell" is a famous zither of the Zhou Dynasty. The sound of this instrument is as loud as the sound of bells and horns, which is deafening. Legend has it that Bo Ya, an outstanding qin master in ancient times, once played the "horn bell" qin. Later, the "horn bell" was passed on to the hands of Duke Huan of Qi. Duke Huan of Qi was a wise monarch of the Qi state, who knew a lot about music. At that time, he collected many famous qins, but especially cherished this "horn bell". He once made his subordinates to play the bull's horn and sing, while he himself played the "trumpet bell" to echo the sound. The sound of the horn, the song is mournful, "horn bell" is played a sad melody, so that both sides of the attendants were moved to tears.

2. Spring and Autumn / around the beam

Today, there is a saying that "the sound of the afterglow is around the beam for three days". The phrase originates from a story in "Liezi": during the Zhou Dynasty, Han E, a famous Korean female singer, went to Qi, and when she passed through the Yongmen Gate, her money was cut off, so she had no choice but to sell her songs to beg for food. Her mournful voice echoed in the air, like the song of a lonely goose. Three days after Han E's departure, her voice still echoed between the beams of the house, making it unforgettable.

The name of the instrument "around the beam" is a clear indication of the characteristics of the sound and color of this instrument, which is bound to be a constant sound. It is said that "around the beam" is a person called Hua Yuan offered to the king of Chu Zhuang gift, its production date is unknown. Since the king of Chu Zhuang got "around the beam", all day long to play the qin for music, intoxicated in the qin music.

On one occasion, King Zhuang of Chu did not go to court for seven consecutive days, leaving the state affairs behind. The king's consort, Fan Ji, was extremely anxious and advised him, "King, you are too immersed in music! In the past, Xia Jie loved the music of 'Meixi' and was killed; King Zhou misheard the music and lost his kingdom. Now, if the king is so fond of the qin 'around the beam' that he doesn't come to court for seven days, is he willing to lose his country and his life too?" King Zhuang of Chu fell into deep thought. He couldn't resist the temptation of the qin, so he had to give up his love and ordered someone to pound the qin with an iron ruyi, and the body of the qin was broken into several pieces. From then on, the famous qin "around the beam" envied by millions of people became extinct.

3.Han/Luqi

Luqi is a zither played by Si Ma Xiangru, a famous literati in Han Dynasty. Originally, Si Ma Xiangru's family was poor and had four walls, but he was very famous for his poetry and fugue. The king of Liang asked him to compose a fugue, and Xiangru wrote a fugue called "Ruyu Fugue" to present to him. He wrote a "Ruyu Fugue" and presented it to the king. This fugue had magnificent words and extraordinary rhythms. The king of Liang was extremely pleased, so he gave him his own collection of "green qi" zither in return. The "green qin" is a heirloom qin, the qin has an inscription that says "tung and zinc combined essence", that is, tung wood, zinc wood combined essence. When Xiangru got the "Green Cherry", he was like a treasure. His exquisite zither skills were matched with the wonderful sound of the "Green Cherry", which made the "Green Cherry" zither famous for a while. Later on, "green qin" became the nickname for the ancient qin.

On one occasion, Sima Xiangru visited a friend, and the wealthy Zhuo Wangsun hosted a banquet. When the banquet was in full swing, the people said, "I heard that you can play the 'green qin' very well, so please play a song for my generation to enjoy." Xiangru had long heard that Wenjun, the daughter of Zhuo Wangsun, was talented and proficient in the zither, and that she admired him greatly. Sima Xiangru played the zither song "Phoenix" to woo her. After listening to the song, Wenjun understood the meaning of the song and blushed and was mesmerized. She fell in love with Xiangru's literary talent, and in order to reward her for her "soulmate's encounter", she ran to Xiangru's residence at night and concluded a good relationship. From then on, Sima Xiangru pursued Wenjun with his qin, which has been a favorite story throughout the ages.

4. Eastern Han Dynasty/Jiao Wei

Jiao Wei is a zither handmade by Cai Yong, a famous writer and musician of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Yong in the "death of the river and the sea, far away from the Wu will", once in the fire to rescue a section of the wutong wood has not yet burned out, the sound is abnormal. He made a seven-stringed zither based on the length and shape of the wood, and the sound was extraordinary. Because the end of the instrument was still scorched, it was named "Jiaowei". "Jiao Mei" is famous for its pleasant sound and unique production method.

After Cai Yong was killed at the end of the Han Dynasty, the "Jiao Mei" zither was still preserved in the royal treasury. More than three hundred years later, when Emperor Ming of Qi was on the throne, in order to appreciate the superhuman qin skills of the qin master Wang Zhixiong, he ordered people to take out the "Jiaowei" qin that had been stored for many years, and gave it to Wang Zhongxiong to play. Wang Zhongxiong played the instrument for five days, and improvised the "Chagrin Song" to Emperor Ming. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Fengnian, a Kunshan native, still had the "Jiaowei" zither made by Cai Yong in his collection.

5. Tang/Chunlei

Length 126cm, height 10.8cm, shoulder width 22.1cm, tail width 17.2cm

Lianzhu-style zither, the shape of the full, black lacquer surface, with a fine water break. Jade emblem, jade square, jade foot, rounded dragon pool and rectangular phoenix swamp. The bottom of the neck is engraved with the word "Chunlei" in cursive script and filled with green. On the left and right sides of the dragon pond are inscribed in clerical script: "Its sound is deep and majestic, its rhyme and harmony are strong" and "Who knows it from Cuanzhong", with one seal, the inscription of which is peeled and eroded. A large square seal seems to have existed under the dragon pool, but it has been repaired by lacquer and is obscure.

The "Spring Thunder" is the name of a famous qin of the Tang Dynasty, made by Lei Wei, a qin maker. The Ming dynasty (Qing secret collection) recorded that: "spring thunder, the Song Dynasty, hidden Xuanhe Hall hundred qin hall, known as the first. Later, it was returned to King Zhangzong of the Jin Dynasty, and was the first in the Mingchang Royal Palace. When Emperor Zhangzong died, he was martyred. After eighteen years, it came back to the world, and without any slightest change, it was again the top of all the qins. It is a special thing in heaven and earth! The Tang qin is extremely rare, and although this qin was once repaired by later generations in the nayin, the feet, the yakeshan, and the end of the qin, the body of the qin is full-bodied and has the "roundness" of the Tang qin. Contemporary qin masters who have tried to play the qin say that the sound of this qin is deep, thick, and clear, and that it has the beauty of the Tang qin in terms of its "looseness" and "permeability".

This instrument was collected by He Guanwu, Wang Jingwu and Zhang Daqian in the Republic of China.

6. Tang/Jiu Xiao Huan Pei

The zither is of Fuxi style, made of cedar wood, with pine and yellow wood. It is equipped with a clam emblem. White jade qin square, goose feet, beautifully carved. Yue Shan Jiao tail, etc. are made of rosewood, the craft is well organized. The body of the zither painted red lacquer, antler gray tire, between the successive generations of repair of the ink black, vermilion lacquer and so on. The body of the zither is mainly made of small serpentine broken lines, and occasionally small cattle hair broken lines. The broken lines on the bottom of the zither are hidden like gnarls, and all of them are sword blades, which are more ancient than the surface of the zither. The reason for this is that the surface of the instrument can still be played and stroked, but if the broken lines have a sword edge, it will get in the way and easily produce noises. Therefore, the zither maker will do a small repair every three or so years, aiming to wear down the sword edge of the broken lines. The body, neck and waist of the qin are all made with the unique round flute thinning treatment of the Tang qin. The dragon pond is round, and the phoenix marsh is a slender oval with a lacquer lattice. The surface of the qin is slightly elevated to form a nacreous sound. Inside the dragon pool is a large inscription in clerical script in the form of a Tang palace qin, "Zhide Bingshen". Zhide Bingshen was the first year of Emperor Suzong's reign (756 A.D.), the beginning of the Tang dynasty. The name of the qin is "Nine Heavenly Rings" in seal script on the back of the qin, and a seal of "Qinghe" in seal script under the dragon pool, both of which were originally engraved in the Tang dynasty, with traces of the original gold lacquer filling. Compared with the Tang qin of public and private collectors at home and abroad, the old collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, the "Great Sage Remains of Sound" and the old collection of the Beijing qin artist Xibaochen, "Great Sage Remains of Sound", both have the mark of "Zhide Bingshen"; Jiu xiao huanpei" in the collection of Liaoning Provincial Museum, "Taigu ruyin" in the collection of Central Conservatory of Music, and "Koumu longyin" in the collection of Freer Gallery of Art in the United States also bear the mark of "Qinghe". "The seal of the artist, Qinghe, is also in square seal script. There are two other seals in seal script, "Fenyang descendant Guo Jing's family collection" and "Dongpo Su Shi's treasures", which were carved slightly later than the Tang dynasty. The strings of this zither are 112.5 centimeters long, and the sound quality is pale and ancient, making it one of the best of the Tang zither. This qin was originally in the collection of Mr. Shen Mai-shi, a member of the Shanghai Museum of Literature and History, and was later transferred to the collection of Mr. Wu Jin-xiang, who lost it overseas in his early years.

7. Tang / Da Sheng remains

The Tang dynasty Da Sheng remains for the qin Shennong style, tung wood hacking, painted chestnut shell color lacquer covered with black lacquer, vermilion lacquer repair, pure antler grey tires, hair serpent belly between the cattle hair broken lines. Throughout the length of 120 centimeters, shoulder width of 20.5 centimeters, tail width of 13.4 centimeters, 5 centimeters thick, the bottom thickness of 1 centimeter. The back of the qin as a round dragon pool, diameter 7.6 cm, flat round phoenix swamp for 12 cm long, 1.2 meters wide, the dragon pool engraved with inches on the cursive "Great Sage Remaining Sound" four words, the pool below the engraved two inches below the large square seal one seal script "contains" two words, the pool on both sides of the engraved with four lines of the official script inscriptions "The giant ravine welcomes the fall, the cold river prints the moon. All the music is long, the lone Tong soughing crack" sixteen words, all the old carving filled with gold lacquer. Inside the abdomen, the sound is slightly elevated, and on both sides there are four words in vermilion lacquer script, "Zhide Prop Shen". The sound of the zither is loud and clear, with ancient charm, the shape is thick and beautiful, the lacquer color is bright and ancient, the broken line is hidden like a gnarled gnarl, the inscription is neat and vivid, the gold emblem and jade square are rich and magnificent, which is beyond the reach of the extraordinary zither.

8. Tang/Duyue

Duyue qin Late Tang 120.5cm long, 20cm wide at the shoulder, 14cm wide at the tail, Hunan Provincial Museum Collection phoenix crop. The surface of the instrument is lacquered in black and red, with intertwined patterns of broken plum blossoms and broken serpentine, and broken cowhair patterns on the back. Above the dragon pool is engraved with the words "Duiyue", and inside the pool are the words "Taihe dingwei" (the first year of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty, 827 AD). The end of the instrument is inscribed by Li Jing. This qin was used by Wang Fenshan in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and was treasured by the late Li Jing, a qin master from Hunan Province, in the Republic of China.

9. Tang/Taigu Lingyin

Taigu Lingyin Late Tang, 122cm long, 22cm wide at the forehead, 14cm wide at the tail, Shikuang style in the collection of the Central Conservatory of Music. Original black lacquer, with a large flowing water broken pattern. On the reverse, engraved in running script above the dragon pond, 'The ancient musical relics', with a seal in seal script, 'Qinghe', below the pond, and on the left side, 'Wu Jingliu re-mastered it in the middle of the autumn of the year Azi'. Guqin music is mainly influenced by Confucianism's ideas of neutrality and peace, gentleness, and "virtue and sound are music" and Taoism's ideas of conformity to nature, great sound and faintness, etc. It was once composed by the late Shandong qin master Zhan Zhen. It was once in the collection of the late Shandong qin master Zhan Chengqiu.

10.Ming/Benlei

Benlei zither Ming 127.6cm long, 19cm wide at the shoulder, 15.6cm wide at the end, Zhongni style in the collection of the Forbidden City Museum. Black lacquer, with a small serpent's belly broken pattern. On the back, engraved in seal script above the dragon's pool is the name Ben Lei, with the collector's inscription on both sides: "I have traveled from north to south and from east to west several times, and I have encountered many famous zithers, but I cannot seek them out. I am glad to have met Ben Lei without any intention to do so, and it is only after many years that I have been able to fulfill my long-cherished wish. "The wind and cranes are too much to contemplate for a long time, and the interest of the Pen Lei is twice as great. For thirty years, I have been a partner, and I have been able to enjoy my feelings and cultivate my character without leaving him. It was once in the collection of Song Zhaofu, a zither player from Tianjin. It is now in the National Palace Museum.

11.Other

1>Snake belly

Anciently known as the zither, its broken pattern resembles that of a snake's belly.

Song - He Yuan, "spring islet chronicle - the ancient sound of the legacy of the system": "The recent world of a hundred weapons but new, but the zither slightly no flashy decorations, to the most ancient serpent-bellied text for the strange."

2>Broken lines

Ancient famous zither. Zither to ancient for the best, the body of the zither crumbled into lines is proof of the age of the long, so the name of the broken grain.

Song - ZhaoXiKuan "hole sky clear record set - guqin discernment": "the ancient qin to break grain as evidence, cover qin not five hundred years of continuous, the longer it is broken the more ...... where lacquer ware no break grain, and the qin is unique, cover the other ware with cloth lacquer, the qin is not used; the other ware leisure, and the qin day and night for the strings of the excitement. "

3> hills and Yang

Anciently known qin, to hills and mountains (in present-day Shandong Zoucheng southeast) south slope (the south side of the mountain for the Yang) produced by the tung wood made, so the name.

Geogu Essentials: "The ancient qin has yin and yang materials. Cover the face of tung wood sun for the sun, the back of the sun for the yin ...... yang material qin Dan cloudy and clear at night, clear cloudy and rain clear; Yin material qin Dan clear and cloudy at night, clear and rain cloudy, this can be verified."

"Shangshu - Yugong": "hills in the hills of lone tung", Kong Anguo transmission: "Lone, special also. The sun of hills, the special lone tung, in the qin and searches." Later, the name "Yiyang" was used as an alternative name for the qin.

4>Ice strings

Anciently known as the zither, the strings are made of ice silk.

Wang Jia, "Gleanings" Volume 10 "highest peak" cloud: "highest peak, a ring of Qiu Mountain ...... has a wood, the name of the intertwined mulberry, fried mulberries for honey. There are iceworms, seven inches long, black, with horns and scales, frost and snow cover, and then make cocoons, a foot long, its color color, weaving for the text of the brocade, into the water is not moistened, to cast fire, after the night is not prairie."

Song - music history, "Yang Tai Zhen outreach" volume, the temple Bai Jizhen Shu also, offered to the Yang Fei lute, "the string is the end of the Hahoe Miro country in the first year of Yongtai tributes to the Brynnia ice silk is also, the light and glittering, such as Guanzhu Thurso."

It is said that the ice string is a kind of quality silk strings, Ming Xiang Yuanbian "Banana Window Nine Records - zither strings": "Today, only white Tsuji silk for the top, the second of the fall of silkworms. String to take ice, to the quality of the natural beauty, if the Zhu string is slightly colorful new stagnation slightly turbid, and lose its true nature."