Teochew opera began in that dynasty

I. Brief description Chaozhou opera, also known as Chaozhou opera, Chao Yin opera, Chao tune, white character opera, mainly popular in the Chaozhou dialect area, is an ancient local opera genre sung in the Chaozhou dialect. It is mainly distributed in eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. The formation and development of Chaozhou Opera has a history of more than 430 years. It is a branch of the Southern Opera of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which gradually evolved from the Southern Opera of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, absorbing the specialties of Yiyang, Kunqu, Pihuang, and Bangbang Operas, and combining them with local folk arts, such as the music of Teochew, to ultimately form its own unique art form and style. The language of Teochew opera did not start out in the Teochew dialect. As can be seen from the Ming engraved book "The Complete Works of the Golden Flower Lady of the Plucked Jinchao Tune", Teochew opera at this time was mainly sung in the Teochew dialect, but some of the singing and speech in some of the scenes were marked as being sung in the "correct tone" (i.e., the "official"), which suggests that in the course of the evolution of Teochew opera from the southern opera, it may be possible to start with all the "official", and then gradually reduce the proportion of the "official", and ultimately become completely localized. The traditional repertoire of Chiu Chow Opera can be divided into two main categories: one is derived from the legends and miscellaneous dramas of the Southern Opera, such as Pipa Tale, Thorn Hairpin Tale, White Rabbit Tale, Moon Worshipping Tale, Pearl Tale, Banana Palm Tale, Fisherman's Delight, etc. The other category is based on local folklore. Another type of local dramas are compiled from local folk tales or actual events, such as "The Story of Lai Mirror", "Su Liu Niang", "Golden Flower Lady", "Chai Fang Hui", "Longjing Ferry", etc. The Teochew Opera has its own system and unique characteristics. Teochew opera has its own system and unique style. The music and singing style is a combination of the song and plate system, and it still retains the form of singing with two or three people singing the same song and the end of the chorus. The singing is characterized by a light and lyrical style, with a lot of Man sound and a clear and melodious sound. Teochew opera line from the southern opera of the student, Dan, ugly, net, outside, paste, the end of the development of the current ten types of ugly, seven types of Dan, five types of students, three types of net, which is ugly, Dan two lines of the performance is more distinctive. Chiu Chow Opera is mainly performed in Guangdong, Fujian, Minnan and Nanchao areas, and is also popular in Hong Kong and Taiwan. It is often performed at temple fairs to show respect to the "masters", and the common people also love to watch it in a very lively atmosphere, which makes the festive atmosphere even more intense. Famous actors and actresses of Teochew Opera include: Xie Dayue, Lu Yinzhi, Xie Yin, Yang Qiguo, Chen Hua, Huang Yudou, Hong Miao, Guo Shimei, Cai Jinkun, Li Youcun, Fang Zhanrong, Yao Xuanqiu, Fan Zehua, Wu Lijun, Zhang Changcheng, Huang Ruiying, Ye Qingfa, and so on. Looking back to the prosperous period of Teochew Opera in the 1950s and 1960s, it was mainly due to a group of outstanding actors and actresses with good artistic foundation, such as Yao Xuanqiu, a famous Teochew Opera artist, who played Wang Jinzhen in her famous work "Sweeping Window Meeting", Su Liuniang in "Su Liuniang", and Chen Biniang in "Resignation from Langzhou"; Hong Miao, who played She Taijun in "Yang Lingbo Defends Ten Books"; Zhang Changcheng, who played Wang Zuo in "Troublemaking in Kaifeng"; Zhu Chuzhen, who played the role of "Enjoined Lady"; and Wu Lijun, who played the role of "Lady" in "Yang Liubao Defends Ten Books". Madam; Wu Lijun played the role of An Ren in Li Jing Ji; and Fan Zehua, Xiao Nanying, Xie Suzhen, Ye Qingfa, Chen Yu, etc. are all household names in Chaoshan, and are highly praised by Chaoshan Opera audiences both at home and abroad. From the seventies to the present, Fang Zhanrong and Wu Ling'er played the roles of Li Laosan and Mo Erniang in "Chai Fang Hui"; Chen Qinmeng played the role of Yuan Chonghuan in "Yuan Chonghuan"; Cai Minghui played the role of Chuncao in "Chuncao Breaks Into the Hall"; Chen Xuexi played the role of Zhang Chunlang in "Zhang Chunlang Shaves His Hair", and recently played the role of Jia Yucun in the new costume opera "Huludiao Temple" which was performed in the provincial literature and art exhibition; and there are also the golden voices of Teochew Opera, Zheng Jianying and Fang Zhanrong who played the role of Jia Yucun in the modern Teochew opera "The Veteran Returns to His Homeland". Veterans Returning to Their Homeland" as the male and female protagonists, as well as the new talent of Teochew Opera, Zhang Yihuang, played Li Yaxian in "Firework Girl and Scholarship Boy", and Chen Shengxie played Wan Jiachun in "Stabbing Liang Ji", all of which have left unforgettable and favorable impression to Teochew Opera viewers. Second, the history of development Teochew sound class, popular in the east of Guangdong, Minnan, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and other places. After the Song and Yuan Southern Opera spread to the Chaoshan area in eastern Guangdong, Teochew Opera melted and absorbed Teochew music as well as other folk arts in Chaoshan, and was sung in the Teochew dialect as a local opera. In the Ming Dynasty, Dai Jing wrote in the Preliminary Draft of Guangdong Tongzhi, Volume 18, "Customs", "Chaozhou custom is to use the local dialect to move and perform opera." In the early Qing Dynasty, Qu Dajun wrote in Guangdong Xinyi: "The Teochew people sang north and south songs in their native voices, which was called Teochew Opera." In 1958 in Jieyang in the Ming tomb unearthed, sung in the Teochew dialect of the transcript "Cai Bogai" and in 1975, Teochew digging west of Shanxi in Fengtang Helong construction found in the Ming tomb unearthed in the Ming Xuande transcript "Liu Xibi Hairpin", is the Ming Dynasty Teochew people to play the theater in the native voice of the cultural heritage evidence. Third, the artistic characteristics 1, the role of Teochew Opera line complete, raw, Dan, pure, ugly each should work the first play, the performance is delicate and vivid, body work both rigorous program specifications, but also rich in writing, focusing on the play of skills, which is particularly rich in clown line and the flower Dan's performing arts, with a unique style and local color. From the point of view of performance, Teochew Opera has the most local characteristics in the footwork of Sheng, Dan and Chou. Sheng Dan's play "Sweeping the Window" is regarded as a typical representative of Chinese opera that uses song and dance to perform stories; Teochew opera's clowns are divided into ten categories, among which Xiangshirt Clown's fan work is famous in the north and south and is known to the world. In the old clown opera "Chai Fang Hui", the clown's sliding ladder work is unique to Teochew Opera, and enjoys a high reputation in the opera world. In the past, Teochew Opera has always practiced the system of child actor, in which the youngest actor, the youngest actor, the youngest actor, and the youngest actor were all performed by children, and these artists were eliminated when they grew up and their voices changed, which seriously hindered the development of the art of Teochew Opera. After the founding of New China, the abolition of the child actor system, and in all aspects of the reform, training a large number of outstanding actors and actresses, so that the Chaozhou Opera this ancient art with a new luster. 2, singing Teochew opera singing with real voice, mainly imported from abroad in the Yiyang cavity, Kun cavity influence, and Peking Opera, Cantonese Opera, such as the falsetto singing is very different, singing and reading with the ancient spectrum "two or four spectrum", rich in flavor. The singing style is a combination of quqi and banqi, which is mainly based on the combination of quqi and banqi, and still retains the form of one singing, two or three singing in chorus or at the end of the song, which is unique in style and has strong expressive power. The new carving of the full image of the supplement to the township talk about litchi record and Wanli years of the publication of the "Replacement of the pick brocade tide tune gold flower female compilation" (with the "Su Liu Niang") and so on. Wanli xinsi carved book "lychee record", signed "chao Li Dongyue edited collection", sung in chaoqiao is with the jiajing carved book "ly mirror record" of the same story content of different performances of the book. The Jiajing version of "Lai Jing Ji", labeled with the words "Chiu Chiu" or "Quan Chiu" under the name of the song, is a script common to the two voices of the opera. It is not the only one that has a common script for both voices. The "Xinjian Shixing Quan Chao Ya Tiao Chen Boqing Lizhi Ji Daquan" (The Complete Book of Chen Boqing's Lychee Records) published in the Xinmao issue of the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty is also a common script for both the Chao and Quan voices, which reflects some of the relationships between the two ancient styles of opera, namely, the Chao Opera of the eastern part of Guangdong Province and the Liyuan Opera of the southern part of Fujian Province, in their historical development. Early Teochew Opera's "help sound", that is, the phenomenon of "singing in unison" in the background when the actors on the stage sing the most exciting parts, is rare in other operas, and is one of the characteristics of Teochew Opera. 3, music Teochew opera music is a set of songs, singing the North and South song, the voice of the tune is beautiful, light and playful, good at lyricism. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, it absorbed the music of plate cavity, which is flexible and colorful. There are more than 200 traditional tunes and more than 1,000 pieces of music in Teochew Opera, which is an important material for the study of Chinese opera sound. The accompanying music part retains a lot of ancient music from the Tang and Song dynasties, and absorbs Teochew gongs and drums, temple music and folk tunes, etc. The music is beautiful and melodious, and the orchestral and percussion music is harmonious and good at showing changes in feelings. The accompanying musical instruments of Teochew Opera are constantly developing and enriching with the development of the times and cultural exchanges. Before the 1920s, there were only bamboo strings, suona, coconut hu and moon zither, with bamboo strings as the leading instruments. In the 1920s and 1930s, the bamboo strings were replaced by the two-stringed instrument; the moon zither was replaced by the yangqin, and the large flute and small flute were added. Since the 1940s, the erhu, pipa and dahu have been added to the repertoire. There are a lot of Teochew Opera tunes, with many different styles, such as two-board, two-board slow, three-board slow, etc. The traditional Teochew Opera is characterized by a combination of different instruments. According to the different combinations of musical instruments, the traditional repertoire is divided into big gong opera, small gong opera and Su gong opera; the big gong opera is the most characteristic and the oldest, good at expressing low atmosphere and sadness, the small gong is light, and the Su gong has a solemn atmosphere. The traditional repertoire of Teochew Opera can be divided into two main categories, one is from the Song and Yuan South Opera and the Yuan, Ming and Qing Legends and Miscellaneous Dramas, such as Pipa, White Rabbit, Kiln Breaking, Jade Hairpin and so on, which have elegant words, simple music and meticulous workmanship; the other one is the dramas based on the local folklore or the local events, such as Lychee, Su Li Niang, Golden Flower Girl, Longjing and Duotou. Ferry", etc. These plays have vivid stories, elegant and vulgar **** appreciation, rich in local color. There is a handwritten copy of "Liu Xibi's Golden Hairpin Story" from Xuande 7 (1432) of the Ming Dynasty. Chiu Chow Opera can also combine the needs of the times, and stage some plays that are closely related to real life. For example, during the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of plays reflecting the current events of the war appeared, the famous ones being "Lugou Bridge Chronicle" and "The Ambush of Colonel Han Fuju", etc., which played a positive role in encouraging the masses to join the war of resistance against the Japanese. Famous scriptwriters of Teochew Opera include Xie Yin, whose masterpieces include Qin Fenglan, Zhao Shaoqing, and The Great Righteousness of Kissing One's Family, as well as Wu Shiwu, Lin Xianyu, Hong Xun, and Chen Mingzhen, each of whom has a number of masterpieces in their own right. Famous artists include Li Deyi, Cai Longhan, Hong Miao and so on. Five, the current situation Chaozhou opera is a vivid example of China's ancient opera survived on the stage, is one of the representatives of the excellent cultural expression of the Chinese nation, has a profound historical significance and high aesthetic value. 1990, the Chaozhou opera by the constraints of the market economy and a variety of modern forms of art and culture impact, reduced investment, the loss of talent, the decline in the level of the arts, the excellent traditional performing arts on the verge of extinction, is in the middle of the difficult development situation, urgent need for It is in a difficult situation of development and is in urgent need of protection and cultivation. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, May 20, 2006, Teochew Opera by the State Council approved the inclusion of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.