Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Graduation design 5-floor administration building
Graduation design 5-floor administration building
Keywords: architectural design, structural design, structural internal force calculation, PKPM electric calculation
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Description of Architectural Design
2.1 Overview of the Project
2.2 Basis for Engineering Design
2.3 Purpose and Requirements of Architectural Design
2.4 Architectural Section Design
2.5 Design of Building Shape and Elevation
2.6 Tectonic Design
3 Structural Design Description
3.1 Selection of Structural System
3.2 Preliminary Estimation of Structural Elements
3.3 Basic Assumptions and Calculation Sketches
3.4 Calculation of Loads
3.5 Calculation and Combination of Internal Forces
3.5 Calculation of Internal Force and Combinations
3.6 Foundation Design
3.7 Construction Materials
3.8 Construction Requirements and Other Design Notes
4 Design Calculations
4.1 Design Primary Data
4.2 Structural Arrangement and Calculation Sketches
4.3 Load Calculations
4.4 Calculation of Loading
4.5 Calculation of internal force of frame by stratification method
4.6 Combination of internal force
4.7 Sectional design
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
2 Architectural design description
2.1 Project overview
The required building area is about 4,500 square meters. The architectural design requires that the building shape is beautiful and novel, meets the requirements of each function and the combination of functions is reasonable; the structural design requires that the structural arrangement is reasonable and the design of components is economical and reasonable.
2.2 Engineering Design Basis
2.2.1 Engineering Design Original Data
(1) Northwest wind throughout the year, southeast wind in summer, basic wind pressure w0=0.35KN/m2
(2) Relative humidity: the average of the hottest month 78%.
(3) Annual rainfall: 1876mm, daily maximum precipitation intensity: 361mm/day, storm precipitation intensity: 3.31s/100m2, maximum snow depth: 8.9cm.
(4) Seismic design intensity: 6 degrees, Group I. The maximum snow depth is 8.9cm.
(5) Geological conditions are as follows:
+0.0-0.60 backfill soil with corrosive values:
r=16KN/m3 R=80KN/m2 E=300N/mm2
-0.6-1.70 clay backfill soil:
r=18KN/m3 R=130KN/m2 E=500N/mm2
-1.7--2.5 Residual sub-clay:
r=20KN/m3 R=200KN/m2 E=500N/mm2
--2.5---4.0 General sub Clay:
r=20KN/m3 R=230KN/m2 E=500N/mm2
-4.0m below weathered mixed rock:
R=300KN/m2 E=600-1000N/mm2
Groundwater table elevation:-5m
2.2 .2 Norms
National relevant building design norms and standards, local standards in Jiangxi Province. Design program approved by the Planning Bureau of Nanchang Construction Bureau.
2.3 Purpose and requirements of architectural design
Through the graduation design preliminary understanding of the principles of civil building design, familiar with the application of building codes and architectural standard atlas. Preliminary mastery of the basic methods and steps of architectural design, understanding of the construction practices of the building details. In the spirit of "rational layout, complete functions, advanced technology, beautiful, economical and reasonable" principle of designing a practical, economical, strong, beautiful modern education building.
2.4 Building section design
Section design to determine the height of each part of the building, the number of floors of the building, the building space combination and utilization as well as the structure of the building section, structural relationships. Design content should include:
First: to determine the shape, size and proportion of the room profile;
Second: to determine the number of floors of the room each part of the elevation;
Third; to determine the natural lighting nature, ventilation, heat preservation, thermal insulation, roof drainage and selection of architectural solutions;
Fourth: to determine the main structure and the enclosure structure of the program;
Fifth: to carry out the combination of vertical space of the room.
2.4.1 Room profile shape
The profile shapes of Nanchang Jiangnan Enterprise Office Building are all rectangular. This is because the rectangular profile is simple, regular, easy to vertical space combination, easy to get simple and complete body shape, while the structure is simple, convenient construction. At the same time can also meet the requirements of use. At the same time, the shape of the rectangular profile is regular, simple, and conducive to the layout of the beam-plate structure.
2.4.2 Determination of the height of each part of the room
Net height and floor height of the room:
Factors for determining the net height and floor height of the experimental room:
Firstly: the requirements of the office equipment and student activities in the office building;
Secondly: the requirements of the light and ventilation of the office building;
Thirdly: the requirements of the structural height of the office building and the way of arrangement;
Thirdly: the structural height of the office building and the way of arrangement.
Fourth: the economic effect of the building;
Fifth: the proportion of the indoor space of the test.
Designed according to the office building net height is generally 3.30m-3.60m of the provisions of the office of the net height of 3.60m, the office of the net height of the same height as the office. At the same time, this height can also meet the requirements of the building lighting and ventilation.
Window sill height:
For office buildings, the window sill is too high, desks and chairs will be all or most of the shadow, affecting the use of the effect. Therefore, generally take the height of 900-1000mm, so that the height of the window sill from the desktop to control the height of 100mm-200mm. so the design of the exterior wall sill height is designed for 1000mm. the interior wall with a high window, the window sill must be higher, so as to avoid pedestrians in the aisle of the impact on the office.
Indoor and outdoor floor height difference design:
In order to prevent outdoor rainwater into the interior, and to prevent the wall from being damp, general civil construction often indoor flooring is appropriate to raise the building indoors and outdoors to form a certain height difference, the height difference is mainly determined by the following factors:
First: inside and outside of the connection is convenient;
Second: waterproofing, moisture-proofing requirements; topography and environmental requirements;
Third: building character traits.
Considering various factors and the characteristics of Nanchang Jiangnan Enterprise Office Building, the height difference between indoor and outdoor is determined to be 450mm, the height of the steps is 150mm high, three steps. The indoor ground elevation is +0.000m, the outdoor ground elevation is -0.450m.
2.4.3 Determination of the number of floors of the house
Selecting the number of floors of the office building of Jiangnan Enterprises in Nanchang City, taking into account the comprehensive consideration of the requirements of its use, building structure, materials and construction requirements, the environment of the building base and the requirements of the urban planning. That is, the number of floors of the office building to meet the requirements of the number of users and to ensure the safety of its personnel activities. At the same time, it is conducive to the realization of the general form of the building structure. The height of the office building also takes into account the overall environment of the school to adapt to the problem. Comprehensive these requirements of the number of floors of the test building to determine the office part of the five-story.
2.5 The design of the building body and fa?ade
The building should not only meet the requirements of people's material functions, but also meet the requirements of people's spiritual and cultural aspects. For this reason, not only the practicality of the building should be given, but also the aesthetic properties of the building. The beauty of the building is mainly through the internal space and external modeling of the artistic treatment to reflect, but also involves the group spatial layout of the building, and the external image of the building is widely contacted by the people, the people's spiritual feelings on the impact is particularly profound.
2.5.1 Factors affecting the shape and fa?ade
First: the use of function;
Second: material and technical conditions;
Third: urban planning and environmental conditions;
Fourth: socio-economic conditions.
2.5.2 Physical design
The main consideration when choosing the physical shape of the office building is the base environment and the use of functional requirements. Requirements of the building is not monotonous, to have a sense of art, then the building type can not be a single body type, to use complex body type. Complex body type is generally combined by more than two volumes, rich body type. Nanchang Jiangnan Enterprise Office Building both office and office functions, office and office were placed in two separate types of volume, and then their combination of each other, so as to fully optimize the functional distinction between office and office buildings, to avoid mutual interference. The design puts the office part in the center and arranges the offices symmetrically on both sides, which also makes the whole building look balanced and steady. Especially the symmetrical balance makes the whole office building look stable. At the same time not high indoor-outdoor height difference and make the office building does not lose the sense of intimacy.
2.5.3 Elevation design
The design of the office building elevation is mainly through the contrast between the real and the concave and convex to make the building's elevation rich.
The large area of windows in the south elevation creates "emptiness", while the wall between the windows creates "reality". The combination of the "void" of the large area and the "solid" of the small area gives the building a light and cheerful effect. The wall between the upper and lower windows in the south elevation is decorated with a silver-gray aluminum alloy skeleton, which enriches the visual impression of the wall. The convex columns on the north elevation run up and down to give a feeling of uprightness, height and upward movement. The use of yellow high-grade exterior paint on the walls makes the office building light and cheerful with a sense of tranquility. The east and west elevation is a large area of the wall, easy to create a dull feeling, so the use of lines to divide the large area of the wall into small pieces. The design decorates the fa?ade through the reasonable use of glass curtain wall, thus making the lighting effect better, and the building shape gives a positive feeling through the decoration of the roof.
2.6 Tectonic design
Tectonic design mainly solves the construction principle and construction method of each component of the building. It is an indispensable part of architectural design, and its task is to select economical and reasonable structure program according to the function, material, performance, stress, construction method and architectural art, and as a comprehensive solution to the technical problems of architectural design and construction drawings based on the design.
2.6.1 Factors affecting the structural design of the building
First: the influence of the external role;
Second: the influence of climatic conditions;
Third: the influence of the factors that are thought to be;
Fourth: the influence of building technology;
Fifth: the influence of building standards.
2.6.2 Principles of building structure design:
First: solid and practical;
Second: technologically advanced;
Third: economically reasonable;
Fourth: beautiful and generous.
2.6.3 Wall and foundation design
This design is a frame structure, and the walls are all infill walls. Because the filler wall does not bear external loads, and its own weight by the floor and beam to bear, so the design should use the wall of light weight, thin thickness, easy to construct, have a certain sound insulation capacity, but also to meet the special parts such as offices, restrooms and other places of waterproofing, fire prevention, moisture-proof requirements.
Integrating the above requirements in this design, all the offices, office walls are 240 thick autoclaved gray sandstone bricks, bathroom walls using solid bricks.
The foundation of this design is in good condition and independent foundation under column can be used.
2.6.4 Floor and ground design
Floor and ground floor include floor slab and ground floor, which are load-bearing components to separate room space horizontally, floor slab divides the space of upper and lower floors, and ground floor separates the space between the earth and the ground floor. Because they are located in different positions, different forces, and therefore different structural layers. The structural layer of the floor level is the floor slab; the structural layer of the floor level is the mat.
The design requirements of the floor layer:
First: sufficient stiffness and strength;
Second: to meet the requirements of acoustic insulation, fire protection;
Third: to meet the requirements of the building economy.
Floor layer and floor layer, is people's daily life, work, production, direct contact with the place, according to the different rooms on the floor of the different requirements, the surface layer should be strong wear-resistant, the surface is smooth, clean, not dust, easy to clean. For living and people stay for a long time in the room, the requirements of better heat storage and elasticity; bathrooms, toilets require moisture-resistant, impermeable; kitchens, boiler rooms require waterproof, fire-resistant; office requirements of acid and alkali, corrosion-resistant.
The room use of this design is mainly test room and office. The flow of people is large, so the terrazzo floor is used. Because terrazzo floor has good abrasion resistance, durability, waterproof and fireproof, and has a beautiful texture, surface finish, no dust, easy to clean and other advantages, and good economy.
2.6.5 Roof design
Roofs can generally be divided into flat and sloped roofs. The design of the roof should be considered to meet the functional, structural and architectural requirements. The roof is the enclosure of the building, should be able to resist the adverse effects of various environmental factors in nature on the building. Secondly the roof should also have the ability to withstand the effects of temperature. The roof is good to withstand wind, rain, snow loads and their own weight, the roof also has to bear the weight of people and equipment. Therefore, it must have a certain strength and rigidity. The roof is an important part of the external form of the building, the shape of the roof has an impact on the shape of the building.
At the same time, the design of the roof should facilitate rapid drainage. The drainage of the roof is divided into two categories: organized drainage and disorganized drainage. The choice of drainage should meet the following requirements:
First: the lower height of the building in order to control the cost, it is appropriate to use the unorganized drainage.
Secondly, the roof should be used to accumulate more dust and unorganized drainage.
Third: corrosive medium of industrial buildings should not be used organized drainage.
Fourth: organized drainage should be used in areas with high slurry rainfall or high houses.
Fifth: the street building drainage to the sidewalk is appropriate to use organized drainage.
This design is an office building, located in Nanchang area, belongs to the hilly area, the amount of rainfall in general. The use of roofing without people. Not on the roof of the practice of standard practices can be seen in the construction instructions. Drainage of the roof using organized drainage, the use of structural slope. Rigid waterproofing of the roof, waterproofing effect, good durability, while the rigid waterproofing of the roof has good abrasion resistance.
3 Structural design description
Reinforced concrete frame structure is widely used in office, residential, office, commercial, hotel and other civil buildings. The advantage of this structural system is that the building plan layout is flexible, can get a larger use of space, the building elevation is easy to deal with, and can be adapted to different room modeling. Therefore, the design of Nanchang Jiangnan enterprise office building using reinforced concrete frame structure.
3.1 Selection of structural system
3.1.1 Composition of frame structure
Frame structure is a structural form consisting of beams, columns, nodes and foundations, beams and columns through the nodes are linked together to form a load-bearing structure, which transmits the load to the foundation. The whole house adopts this structural form called frame structure or pure frame structure.
3.1.2 Types of frame structure
Frame structure is divided into three types according to the different construction methods: monolithic, assembled and assembled monolithic. Integral type is also known as fully cast-in-place frame, which is poured by on-site supporting mold, with good integrity and strong seismic capacity. The project of this design adopts cast-in-place monolithic frame.
3.1.3 Frame Structure Arrangement
According to the different structural arrangement, the frame structure can be divided into horizontal load-bearing, longitudinal load-bearing and longitudinal and transverse load-bearing three kinds of arrangement programs.
The test building of this design adopts transverse load-bearing program, and the vertical load is mainly borne by the transverse frame, which should be arranged along the transverse direction when the floor slab is prefabricated, and when the floor slab is cast-in-situ, it is generally necessary to set up secondary beams to transfer the load to the transverse frame. Horizontal frames also have to bear horizontal wind loads and earthquake loads. In the longitudinal direction of the house is set up to connect the beams and transverse frame, these link beams and columns actually form a longitudinal frame, parallel to the house longitudinal horizontal wind loads and seismic loads.
3.2 Evaluation of members
3.2.1 Determination of column cross-section size
The column cross-section height can be taken as, H is the height of the storey; the column cross-section width can be taken as. The selected column section size is 450mm×450mm
3.2.2 Beam size determination
The frame beam section height is taken as l/8~l/12 of the beam span.
The frame of this project is for longitudinal and transversal load-bearing, and according to the beam span, it can be initially determined that the transverse frame beam is 350mm×800mm, the aisle beam is 300mm×600mm, and the longitudinal frame beam is 300mm×600mm.
3.2.3 Thickness of floor slab
Floor slab is cast-in-situ bidirectional slab, according to the experience, the thickness of the slab is 120mm.
3.3 Basic assumptions and calculation sketch
3.3.1 Basic assumptions
Firstly, the plane structure assumption: The project plane is orthogonal arrangement, it can be assumed that the horizontal force in each direction is borne by lateral force-resisting structure of the direction only, and the vertical force is borne by the lateral force-resisting structure in that direction. It can be assumed that the horizontal force in each direction is only borne by the lateral force-resisting structure in that direction, and the lateral force-resisting structure perpendicular to that direction is not subjected to force.
Secondly, due to the regularity of the structure, the arrangement is symmetrical and uniform, and the structure does not take into account the torsion effect under the horizontal load.
3.3.2 Calculation sketch
Under the action of transverse horizontal force, the connecting beam girder produces a restraining moment on the wall, so the structure is simplified to a rigid-junction calculation system, and the calculation sketch is described later.
3.4 Load Calculation
The horizontal force of high-rise building is the load that plays a controlling role, including seismic effect and wind force. Seismic action calculation method according to the "Code for Seismic Design of Building Structures", for the height of not more than 40m to shear mainly and the mass and stiffness along the height of the structure of the distribution of relatively uniform, can be used at the bottom of the shear method. In this graduation design process in the horizontal direction as long as the seismic effect is considered.
Vertical loads are mainly structural self-weight (constant load) and the use of load (live load). Structural self-weight can be calculated directly from the component cross-section size, the weight of construction materials per unit volume according to the load specification value. Use load (live load) according to the load specification value, floor live load reduction factor according to the load specification.
3.5 Calculation and combination of internal forces
3.5.1 Calculation of internal forces under vertical loads
The calculation of internal forces under vertical loads starts with the transfer of vertical loads to each bay of the frame according to the structural layout of the floor cover. The internal force calculation of the frame structure under vertical load adopts the stratification method to calculate the internal force of each open unit, and then the internal force of each open unit is superimposed; the connecting beams are amplitude adjusted by considering the redistribution of the plastic internal force, and are fixed at the two ends for calculation.
3.5.2 Calculation of horizontal load
Use the D-value method to calculate the horizontal force between floors of the frame under the action of horizontal load, and then the horizontal force acting on each floor in accordance with the rigidity ratio of the columns of the frame of the joist for the distribution of the columns of the columns of the calculation of the shear force, and then find out the bending moment at the end of the columns, and the use of nodal equilibrium to find out the beam end of the bending moment.
3.5.3 Combination of internal forces
First: Load combination. Load combinations are simplified as follows:
(1) constant load + live load
(2) constant load + seismic load
(3) constant load + seismic load + live load.
Second: control section and unfavorable internal forces. Frame beams and columns should be combined layer generally for the top two floors, the bottom layer, concrete strength, section size has changed layer and the system bending point where the layer.
Frame beam control cross-section and unfavorable internal forces for: support section, span section.
Frame column control section for each layer of the upper and lower sections, each section combination: Mmax and the corresponding N, V, and the corresponding M, V, and the corresponding M, V.
3.6 Foundation design
According to the superstructure, engineering geology, construction and other factors, give priority to the selection of good economy, better stress independent foundation.
3.7 Construction materials
First: the reinforcing bars used in this project are grade I steel, fy=210N/, and the main bar is grade II steel,
fy=300N/.
Secondly, the protective layer of reinforced concrete in columns and beams is 35mm, and that of slabs is 15mm.
Thirdly, the anchorage of reinforcement bars and laps are carried out in accordance with the national norms in force.
Fourth: the strength grade of all concrete in this project is C30.
Fifth: 240 thick autoclaved gray sand bricks are used for the outer wall and evacuation stairwell.
3.8 Construction Requirements and Other Design Notes
Firstly, the upper floor slab of this project is designed without considering the larger construction pile loads (uniform), and reliable measures should be taken to protect it when the external load reaches 3.0kN/m.
Secondly: the daughter wall of this project is 240mm×120mm, with 4φ8, φ6@250, and the structural column is 240mm×240mm, with 4φ10, φ6@250, and the interval is not more than 2000mm
Thirdly; the joints of the construction joints should be handled carefully, and the sundry things must be removed, washed and moistened before the concrete is poured, and the joints should be protected by high quality cement paste after brushing with 2 degree pure cement paste, with a higher level of cement mortar joints, and then pouring concrete.
Fourth: not exhaustive description, according to the relevant norms.
This article from: /tumu/1034.html
- Related articles
- Who is the keeper?
- How to learn English well
- Is the gold of Tonghai silver jewelry real?
- Fried chestnut recipe
- The Relevance of Confucianism in Today's Society
- The Chinese New Year is an interesting story of the elementary school composition 200 words seven
- Bazhong folk culture slogan?
- How to draw the handwritten newspaper on March 3?
- What influence does agricultural production have on China culture?
- How to control the motorized curtains