The Folk Culture of Wugui Mountain

Among the folk songs in Zhongshan, Hakka folk songs are the second largest and more popular folk songs. Hakkas originated in the Yellow River Valley, and their native place is in the Central Plains, which is the birthplace of Chinese culture. Hakka folk songs have been popular since the primitive culture came into being. Hakka folk songs in Wuguishan can be divided into four types: tea picking tune, sighing mood, white mouth lotus and jingling (nursery rhymes). Tea picking is soft, easy to learn and sing, suitable for expressing the content of various themes, suitable for all ages, and is the most commonly sung song by Hakkas in mountainous areas; The tone of sigh is deep and sad, and I feel deeply about my life experience, sad and lingering. Women cry and sing when they are married or sad. Most of the jingles are Hakka children's songs, which are easy to read and remember. When they sing, it's like studying. In content, they are full of childlike interest and educational significance, mostly songs taught by elders to children. However, Baikou Lotus Folk Song is completely different from tea picking, sighing and jingling, and it is close to the salty water song in Shatian District. According to legend, a long time ago, there was a small mountain village in Zhongshan, adjacent to Shatian Village, where rivers crisscrossed. Because the water used in Shatian Village at that time was salt water, there was a spring mountain stream in that small mountain village. Therefore, due to daily water problems, disputes and fights often occur in these two villages. Hakka people living in a small mountain village have made a rule about going to the countryside: "Women don't marry Sha Tin Wai, and men don't marry boat girls." This village rule was handed down from generation to generation until one year, a young man from Hakka village went fishing in the sea. On the way back to the village, I was accidentally bitten by a sea snake and fainted on the levee of Weicun Village in Sha Tin. At this time, there happened to be a "boatwoman" weeding in the field. Seeing this, she was moved with compassion. She took it home and asked her father (a local snake doctor) for help despite the instructions of men and women taboo. The young man bitten by a snake was in a coma for several days in Wei Village, Sha Tin. His family searched everywhere, but found nothing. They all thought that he had died in the tide. The young people in the mountain village are taken good care of by the snake doctor's father and daughter in Sha Tin Wai. After half a month of treatment, they recovered. After rehabilitation, they often go to help the father of "Sister Ship" go up the mountain to collect medicine and learn from the teacher during the slack season. Since then, the youth in the mountain village and the "boat girl" have had mutual affection. In ancient times, love stories were often performed in the form of duets. Because of the difference between boatman dialect and Hakka dialect, the young people in the mountain village sing folk songs with the melody of salty water songs, and two young people with different language families who admire each other pour out their hearts with salty water songs. When their love affair was discovered by the Hakkas in the mountain village, they used the clan rules and regulations followed by generations to prevent them from falling in love and getting married freely. The lovers had no choice but to "elope" to resist. Finally, they fled from Shatianwei and the small mountain village to settle in Wuguishan, which was sparsely populated at that time, and continued to sing folk songs in the form of assimilated boat dialect, thus gradually forming a hundred lotus folk songs, which have become popular in Hakka villages in Wuguishan and become an alternative rhythm of Hakka folk songs widely sung. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the folk songs of Wuguishan people were the most prosperous, and the singing content changed with the times. Before and in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, people mainly sang praises to life, poured out their views on life, sang praises to love and expressed their desire for love. In the form of singing, there are solo, duet and disc singing. The singing scene was very warm and touching, especially on the moonlit night, and the mountains near the village were crowded with people. Unmarried young men and women, as well as married men and women aged around 30-45, are singing melodious and passionate folk songs here and there. Sometimes a village will be divided into several groups to sing duets. More often, a village sings duets with people from another nearby village, and some people run from one village to another to sing. Duets are mostly a man and a woman. Each group consists of several people, and several representatives with good singing skills are selected from the group to sing in turn, while others serve as staff officers to help think about the lyrics. There are also a large number of people present to listen to music for entertainment. The whole night, singing, sound connected, surrounded by Shan Ye, until enjoy. At that time, people who sang folk songs well would naturally be praised and favored by others. Many young men and women get to know each other from singing folk songs, deepen their understanding and fall in love, and finally become lifelong companions. However, some married men cheat women by singing folk songs. It is said that there is a man in Maxi village, whose family is very poor and lives at home by his wife's hard work. He sings folk songs well, but he is very playboy. He wears sandals and a yellow belt bought by his wife every night, and sings love songs on the mountain to deceive those inexperienced little girls. My wife felt very angry when she learned about it. So, one night, after her husband went out, she followed him up the hill. When her husband whistles, she sings folk songs about the origin of his clothes, family poverty and playboy. After listening, the husband knew that his every move was seen through by his wife, so he went down the mountain in shame and never dared to sing love songs on the mountain again. From the founding of the People's Republic of China to the early 1970s, the countryside experienced a transformation from individual to collectivization. The content of singing is mostly based on the theme of new life, expressing love for the producers of * * *, yearning for a better life and praying for a happy marriage. For example, ballads created by the masses, such as "Storing Fat and Positive Energy", "Mowing the Ground", "Picking Tea", "Building Water Conservancy Songs" and "Brothers and Sisters Like Mountains" came into being. Some sing in the field and at the meeting, and some sing with several groups at night. Since 1980s, social and cultural life has been enriched, and people's ideas have gradually changed. The younger generation is unwilling to sing Hakka folk songs. Only some elderly people occasionally sing traditional folk songs at literary parties or at home.

Traditional Hakka folk songs focus on the needs of people's production and life, focusing on oral creation, coming out at will and exporting into songs. In the process of singing, a number of outstanding folk singers such as Zhou Jinquan, Zhou Xiliang, Liu Yongrong, Wan Runhao, Chen Yuchi, Qiu Jiaren, Lu and Zhou Qingji emerged. Among them, Zhou Jinquan's folk songs were sung in the provincial folk art performance, and his son Zhou Xiliang was hired by Zhongshan Cultural Bureau because of his good singing of folk songs. The CDs of Zhongshan Literature and Art also include the folk songs of Liu Yongrong and Wan Runhao. The drum ancestral hall is located in Betel Village, east of Shi Qi 1 1 km, 6.5 km away from the town government. It was donated by squire Gu Tengfang and his brothers to commemorate the victory of Guqi, the ancestor of Kaicun Village, in the light years of Qing Dynasty (182 1 ~ 1850).

The ancestral hall has a hard mountain roof, a brick-wood structure on the front, a patio in the middle and cloisters on both sides. Later, it was a beam-type wooden frame. There are slant halls on both sides of the ancestral hall, which are arranged in two rooms and three rooms. There is a large clearing and pond in front of the ancestral hall, covering an area of 1.062 square meters and a building area of 360 square meters. Both sides of the temple have collapsed due to serious insect erosion.

194 1 In September, Nanfan Zhongshun Central Committee and County Committee made a decision to "develop Zhongshan and manage Panyu", and decided to open up the anti-Japanese base area in Wuguishan District, develop and strengthen the troops, and adhere to independent guerrilla warfare. 1February, 943, in order to strengthen the leadership of guerrillas around the country, the headquarters of Nanfan Zhongshun guerrilla zone was established to command Lin, political commissar Luo, deputy commander Xie Liquan, deputy commander and chief of staff, and director of the political department (later). 1September, 943, the headquarters of Nanfan Zhongshun guerrilla zone was transferred from Yunnan to Wugui Mountain, and the headquarters was located in Binglangshan Village. 1944 65438+1On October 23rd, the headquarters held a military meeting in Gushi Ancestral Hall, and formulated the strategy of "completely containing, killing key points, attacking all the way and shaking the enemy lines" for the Japanese troops preparing to launch a large-scale military attack on Wugui Mountain. 1 94410 June1day, the provincial party Committee and the provincial military and political Committee held a cadre meeting in Gushi ancestral hall. Lin, Luo, Xie Liquan, and Liang Jia, and Liang Jia, leaders of the Pearl River, Guangdong Central and Xijiang Special Committees attended the meeting. At the meeting, Luo conveyed the instructions of the central Committee and the spirit of the provincial party Committee's meeting on foreign countries, and studied the action plan and preparations for the troops to advance into central Guangdong. And announced the establishment of the central column, commander Lin, political commissar Luo, deputy commander Xie Liquan, chief of staff, director and deputy director of the political department. 1October 20th, 1944, 10, the central column and main brigade advancing into central Guangdong led nearly 500 people to bid farewell to Wugui Mountain and March into central Guangdong.

After the main force of the Central Column advanced into central Guangdong, with the approval of the Central Committee, the original Central Column was split into two, and the Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Pearl River Column was established in the troops in the Pearl River area. 1945 65438+ 10/5. The Pearl River Column of the Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla (hereinafter referred to as the Pearl River Column) was formally established in Wuguishan District, with its commander Lin, political commissar Liang Jia, deputy commander, chief of staff Zhou Boming and director of the political department. Headquartered in Gushi Ancestral Temple, the column released the Declaration on the Establishment of the Pearl River Column. The Political Department of the Column issued the Notice on the implementation of various policies by the China * * * Production Party in the frontier areas behind enemy lines in the Pearl River Delta. After the establishment of the Pearl River Column, it led and commanded the anti-Japanese guerrilla war in the Pearl River Delta in a unified way. The Pearl River Column has one or two detachments and three independent brigades. The first detachment is based on the former Volunteer Brigade, and its activity place is in Zhongshan. Division commander Ou Chu, political commissar Liang, deputy division commander Luo, director of political department, has jurisdiction over 10 squadron, political department and logistics unit.

After 1980, the people's government of Zhongshan County allocated funds for many times to repair the ancient ancestral temple and display the historical materials of revolutionary struggle in Zhongshan County indoors. 1984 was listed as the key protection unit of revolutionary cultural relics in Zhongshan city. /kloc-0 was established as Zhongshan patriotism education base in March, 1995. In June, 2004, the ancient ancestral hall was completely renovated, and the "Zhongshan People's Anti-Japanese Struggle Exhibition" was newly set up, which was designated as the Party History Education Base of Zhongshan City. Every year, many party member, students and people from all walks of life come here to pay tribute to the great achievements of the revolutionary ancestors. ? Lian Shi is located 6 kilometers east of the town government, south of Binglang Village, next to Tianqiao Bridge (also known as Shi Ying Bridge) in the northwest of Shi Ying Bridge Village. The stone is at the bottom of the hillside, with an area of about 120 square meters. It is the place where the martyrs died heroically in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period 16.

1On May 9th, 945, after secret consultation, the Japanese Puppet Army and the Kuomintang die-hards reconciled more than 4,000 people to conduct a large-scale "sweeping" of the anti-Japanese base areas in Wuguishan from Denglongkeng, Changjiang, Bian Lan, Cuiheng, Shigu 'ao and Baishi, aiming at the hinterland of Wuguishan. Wherever he went, he burned and looted, killing innocent people indiscriminately, and frantically looking for guerrillas, military families and anti-Japanese people. More than 30 houses were burned and more than 65,438+000 innocent people were killed. The first detachment of the Pearl River column fought back. In the fierce battle, 16 scattered guerrillas broke through from Shigu 'ao and other places, met near Shiying Bridge and assembled automatically. Due to the close search by the enemy, the guerrillas were trapped in a broken charcoal kiln on Dashituo Mountain near Shiyingqiao and were deprived of food for seven days. In order to find out the enemy's situation, they sent 1 team members down the mountain to scout and find something to eat. Unfortunately, the player was caught as soon as he came down the mountain. The enemy immediately sent a large team to search the mountain closely. The other 15 players were extremely weak and unable to move because they had not eaten for many days, and all of them were captured. The Japanese army escorted the 16 guerrillas to a big rock near Shi Ying Bridge for torture interrogation. Brave and unyielding, the guerrillas kept their mouths shut and refused to disclose any news. Unable to do anything, the enemy became angry from embarrassment and killed all the 16 guerrillas, including Zhang Shaoyou, and dismembered the bodies inhumanely. The martyr's blood dyed the stone and the stream red. On the second day after the martyr died, Panze, a guerrilla living in Qiaocun, Shi Ying, learned of the enemy's atrocities and choked back his grief. Together with Zhong Taiyuan, the head of Shi Ying Qiaocun Village, he mobilized more than 0 militiamen from Gudeng/Kloc-0 to rush to the scene, picked up the broken bones of martyrs from the stream and buried them on the side of Binglang Mountain. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the county people's government established a revolutionary cemetery on the south side of Cuiheng, and the remains of martyrs were moved and buried in the cemetery.

To commemorate the sixteen martyrs, the masses called the stone killed by the martyrs the martyr stone (common name? Man stone). A good goose skin looks good. You can eat it while rolling it with goose juice and mint leaves. Goose meat is becoming more and more popular in Zhongshan, and the atmosphere of eating goose meat is becoming more and more prosperous. Some rural chefs in rural food stalls and snack bars have also begun to pay attention to making geese, not only seriously studying the tastes of diners, but also improving their kitchen recipes and production techniques. Xiaoyao Valley Restaurant in Wuguishan finally invited a new local chef from the public, specializing in the processing and production of goose. Brother Xin has been a goose for more than ten years. Besides stewing, Brother Xin recently came up with a method of "firewood burning". Tips 1 seasoning to seal the belly Before starting to burn firewood, Brother Xin will fill the slaughtered goose belly with seasonings such as fermented bean curd, star anise, cinnamon, fragrant leaves, ginger, soy sauce and mint, and then seal the goose belly with bamboo sticks. After making these preparations, Brother Xin put a large iron pot on the stove, lit a fire with firewood in the kitchen hall, heated the pot, added a proper amount of peanut oil, and took turns to "rub" all parts of the goose in the pot until the goose skin turned golden yellow before taking it out for use. Tip 2: Don't think it's easy to "slouch" a goose. I stood by and watched my new brother slouch for half an hour before he had a good life. By the way, the fire in the kitchen should be controlled slightly in the process of "licking" the goose, and don't burn too much, otherwise the goose meat is not cooked and the skin is burnt. Such a goose is not attractive. Brother Xin said, the reason why I want to "eat" the goose like this is because I want to keep the original flavor of the goose as much as possible, and fill the goose with seasoning, so that the seasoning can "eat" the flavor of seasoning in the process of "eating" the goose, so that the goose has both the flavor of meat and the flavor of seasoning. Tip 3: After stewing the goose, add dried tangerine peel, star anise, mint and a little ginger onion to stir-fry some goose oil, then put the goose in a pot, add seasoning such as Amomum tsaoko, fragrant leaves, cinnamon, salt and sugar, and stir-fry for a while. When stewing the goose, Brother Xin tried to make the fire in the stove bigger. In a short time, the huge iron pot began to steam, and in a short time, you could smell the fragrance of spices floating out of the pot. At this time, the new brother of Lu Goose had a moment's leisure. Brother Xin said that the biggest difference between cooking and braising Lu at first was that it tasted purer. The seasoning in the goose's belly and the seasoning in the iron pot constantly penetrate the goose meat in the pot under the action of fire. After half an hour, the fire in the stove began to decrease. Brother Xin said that the goose was almost ripe by this time. The stomach is full of suitable materials. Pick it up and slowly add firewood to the table. The reason why firewood is used as a burning material instead of faster fuel such as gas is because Brother Xin found in his experience of being a goose that the firepower of firewood is more lasting. Although the fire is big, the water in the pot doesn't dry easily. The goose meat made in this way is more fragrant, fragrant, fragrant and crisp. The juice in the pot was almost collected from the torches left in the stove. Brother Xin fished the goose out of the pot and chopped it into pieces to serve. Soon, the "Lu" goose was chopped. Brother Xin finally sprinkled some mint on the goose, and an authentic wooden roast goose was ready. It smells really good, and I drew saliva. Tip 5: Pick a beautiful goose to eat better. In addition to the unique production method of Brother Xin, Brother Xin also has certain requirements for geese. Goose should be kept for about 70 days and weigh no more than 7 kilograms. Brother Xin bought the goose from the market and kept it in his farm in Xiaoyao Valley of Wuguishan for a few more days, so that the goose could stay in a fresh and natural environment for a longer period of time, thus promoting the better and more delicious meat quality of the goose. Dine in a stream or bamboo shed. Tips ◎ You'd better make an appointment by phone before going, because it takes an hour for Brother Xin to cook a goose. If you are too hungry, you may have to wait a long time, and your stomach can't stand it. ◎ It's best to go for a walk or proper exercise in Xiaoyao Valley of Wugui Mountain after meals, which is good for your health. When having dinner, we sat in the bamboo shed of Xiaoyao Valley restaurant by the stream, enjoying the delicious food on the table, listening to the gurgling sound of the stream, satisfying our appetite, enjoying the natural sound and breathing the fragrance from the bamboo forest. This is really a pleasure.