Eight common innovative ways of thinking

Do you know what innovative way of thinking is? With the rapid development of knowledge economy in today's world, innovation has become the leading force and important source of economic and social development, and innovative thinking is the key factor in the process of innovation. Let me introduce several common innovative ways of thinking to you, hoping to help you.

Innovative thinking mode, reverse thinking

(1) concept

Reverse thinking is a special way of thinking, and its thinking orientation is always opposite to that of ordinary people, such as people abandoning me, people advancing and retreating, people moving and being quiet, people being rigid and soft, and so on. There is no absolute reverse thinking mode in this world. When a recognized reverse thinking mode is mastered and applied by most people, it becomes a positive thinking mode.

Reverse thinking does not advocate people to violate the law and think indiscriminately when thinking, but to cultivate a small probability thinking mode, that is, to pay attention to small probability possibility thinking in thinking activities.

Reverse thinking is an important means to find, analyze and solve problems, which helps to overcome the limitations of thinking mode and is an important way of decision-making thinking.

(2) Features

Answer? reversibility

Reverse thinking is an important feature and starting point of reverse thinking. Without it, reverse thinking would not exist.

b？ deformity

Reverse thinking always takes a special way to solve problems, which is its metamorphosis.

c？ Paradox?

The existence of reverse and abnormality makes reverse thinking often give people? Paradox? The characteristics of. Newtonian physics, relativity and quantum mechanics, including the concept of reverse thinking of the existence and interaction of opposites.

(3) Category

Answer? Reverse thinking

Generally speaking, a generally accepted belief or practice is questioned and then the opposite is seen. If the opposite direction makes sense, then move in the opposite direction.

Under the following circumstances, you can think in the opposite direction: first, consider doing something opposite; The second is to consider taking the opposite thing; Third, if you realize that others are wrong and you are right, you still think that there is something worthy of recognition in their wrong views.

b？ Janus's idea

Conceive or introduce the positive and negative aspects of things in human brain, and make them coexist in the brain at the same time, considering their relationship, similarity, positive and negative, interaction and so on. And then create something new. This kind of double-sided thinking is quite difficult, because it needs to keep two opposites in your brain, which is a brain skill.

c？ Hegelian thinking

Take an idea, embrace its opposite, and then try to integrate the two into a third idea, that is, an independent new concept. This dialectical process needs three consecutive steps: proposition, duality and combination.

(4) Method

Answer? Doubt method

There is a spirit of dare to doubt, break the habit, on the other hand, the stronger the spirit, the better. Habitual practices are not always right, and you should be skeptical about everything.

b？ Complementary method of opposites

To grasp the unity of opposites of thinking objects as the goal. When dealing with problems, people are required to see both the differences between things and the complementarity between things, because there are differences.

c？ Paradox method

It is to actively think about a concept, a hypothesis or a theory from both positive and negative aspects to find out the paradox.

d？ Critical method

Discuss, judge and analyze speech and behavior in order to solve problems amicably. The application of critical methods to reverse thinking still needs to be based on general thinking skills such as comparison, classification, analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization.

e？ Counterfactual method

It is an important feature of human consciousness to psychologically deny the events that have happened and to characterize the results that may have happened but have not actually happened. This is counterfactual thinking. There are three main types: addition, subtraction and substitution.

imaginal thinking

(1) concept

Thinking in images refers to the thinking form with concrete images or images as its thinking content, which is an instinctive thinking of human beings. People are born thinking in images.

The internal logical mechanism of image thinking is the generic relationship between image concepts. Abstract thinking expresses individual things with general attributes, while image thinking expresses the essence of things through unique images. Therefore, as the logical starting point of thinking in images, the concept of images is the essence of what concrete images contain.

(2) Function

Thinking in images is an important form of thinking to reflect and understand the world and a powerful tool to cultivate and educate people. In scientific research, scientists often use image thinking in addition to abstract thinking. In enterprise management, highly developed image thinking is an indispensable and important condition for entrepreneurs to win in the fierce and complicated market competition. Without image information and image thinking, the information obtained by top managers may be indirect, outdated or even inaccurate, and it is difficult to make correct decisions.

(3) Characteristics

Mainly: visualization; Rich in imagination; Direct; Agile; Creativity; Descriptability of thinking results; Emotions, etc.

(4) Method

Answer? copy

A method of producing new things by taking some imitation prototype as a reference and changing it on this basis. Many inventions are based on the imitation of predecessors or nature, such as imitating birds to invent airplanes, imitating fish to invent diving boats, and imitating bats to invent radars.

b？ Imagination method

Put aside the actual situation of something in your mind and form a simplified and idealized image that deeply reflects the essence of the thing. Direct imagination is the main means of thinking experiment widely used in modern scientific research.

c？ combinatorial method

Extract suitable elements from two or more things or products and recombine them to form new things or products. The common combination techniques generally include the combination of the same thing, the combination of foreign things, the additional combination of the main body and the recombination combination.

d？ transplant

Principles, methods, structures, materials and uses of transplantation. From one field to another, so as to create new things. There are three main types: principle transplantation, method transplantation, function transplantation and structure transplantation.

inspiration

(1) connotation

Inspirational intuitive thinking activity is essentially a creative process of overall rational thinking between subconscious and consciousness.

As an advanced and complex rational activity form of creative thinking, inspiration and intuitive thinking are not simple logical or illogical one-way thinking movements, but the whole process of rational thinking in which logic and illogical are unified.

(2) Features

Answer? Suddenness and fuzziness

Because it is not simply formed according to the conventional logical process in the field of conscious consciousness, the procedures, rules, elements and processes of inspiration and intuitive thinking are not clearly realized by self-consciousness, but vague. Words can only be understood? Yes

b？ originality

Originality is a necessary feature to define inspirational thinking. Without originality, it can't be called inspirational thinking.

c？ cold

Other thinking activities are conscious thinking activities, and the prominence of inspiration and intuitive thinking will inevitably bring its unconsciousness.

d？ Images of flexible thinking activities

In the process of inspiration and intuitive thinking, the subconscious or conscious field is always accompanied by the movement of thinking images. Without the hint and enlightenment of the image, there is no epiphany of thinking.

e？ Complementarity and comprehensiveness of highly flexible thinking

The highly flexible comprehensive complementarity of thinking is an important feature of his thinking, such as the complementary integration of subconscious and consciousness, logic and illogical, abstraction and image.

(3) Methods

Answer? Think for a long time.

It means that the subject of thinking temporarily puts aside the subject and turns to activities unrelated to research after long-term thinking. Right here? Without thinking? In this process, I accidentally found the answer or clue and completed the long-awaited research project.

b？ Be surprised in a dream

Dream is a special reflection of objective reality by passive imagination and concept of thinking subject, and it is a dramatic result of the random activity of a few nerve cells excited under the overall inhibition of cerebral cortex. Not everyone's dreams have creative content. The surprise in the dream is only for those? A prepared scientific mind? .

c？ Free daydream

Free daydreaming in science means that researchers consciously give up rigid and conservative thinking habits and freely combine and splice a large amount of information in their memories according to certain random procedures around scientific research topics. After several times, even months and years of artistic conception galloping and occasional logical reasoning, one or a series of topics are completed.

d？ Hit upon a plan/idea in despair.

There are countless examples of using this method in social activities. That is, some behaviors were made in a hurry, and the results proved that this behavior was correct.

e？ Open up a new path

In the process of scientific research, the subject content and excitement center have not changed, just because of the brainwave of researchers, the problem-solving mode has shifted to a different direction from the original problem-solving thinking.

f？ Prototype enlightenment

When the trigger factors are almost the same as the structure or shape of the research object, well-prepared researchers can associate and directly deduce the design configuration of the new invention from the objective prototype once they come into contact with these things.

g？ Draw similarities from inference

People are inspired by the existing facts in other fields by accident and succeed through analogy, association and dialectical sublimation. A wise man corrects his own mistakes through the mistakes of others. By analogy, the thinking subject often needs to have deeper insight, be able to communicate two seemingly completely unrelated things, and analyze their internal functions or mechanisms by analogy.

h？ be suddenly enlightened

The inducement of this epiphany comes from outside enlightenment. It is mainly obtained through some explicit or metaphorical expressions in language. Generally speaking, there are several conditions for the ideological enlightenment of this method: first, what do you want? And the second one is? On purpose? , three is? Be nice. , four is? Clever breakthrough? .

Me? From the initial small start, people can see how things will develop.

From the ordinary trivial things that others don't feel strange, they are keenly aware of the signs of new things, and go deep into them until they are created. Seeing the micro-knowledge must have a unique vision, that is, seeing with eyes and cooperating with agile thinking.

j？ Encounter new traces by chance.

The innovative results obtained by inspiration are inconsistent with the expected goals and belong to windfall. Many researchers regard this windfall as? A godsend? Some people call it? Is it crooked? Or? Is it the right number? .

logical thinking

(1) concept

Logical thinking refers to a way of thinking that conforms to some artificial thinking rules and forms. What we call logical thinking mainly refers to the way of thinking that follows the traditional formal logic rules. Call it often? Abstract thinking? Or? Close your eyes and think? .

Logical thinking is the rational activity of human brain. The thinking subject abstracts the information materials obtained in the perceptual knowledge stage into concepts, uses the concepts to make judgments, and makes inferences according to certain logical relations, thus generating new understandings. Logical thinking has the characteristics of standardization, rigor, certainty and repetition.

(2) Features

Characteristics of concept: connotation and extension.

The characteristics of judgment: first, judgment must judge things; Second, there are always true and false judgments.

Characteristics of reasoning: The logical characteristics of deductive reasoning are: if the premise is true, then the conclusion must be true, which is inevitable reasoning; The logical feature of non-deductive reasoning is that although the premise is true, it cannot guarantee the conclusion to be true, and it is probabilistic reasoning.

(3) Methods

Answer? definition

This is a logical way to reveal the concept connotation. It is to reveal the unique and essential attributes of the object reflected by the concept with concise words. What is the basic method of definition? A little different? Plus the nearest neighbor? Genus? Concept. Rules of definition: 1. The extension of the defined concept is the same as that of the defined concept; Second, the definition cannot be negative; Third, the definition cannot be metaphorical; Fourth, you can't define it circularly.

b？ divide

Is it a logical method to clarify the complete extension of concepts, or a logical method of combining them? Genus? Concepts are divided into several concepts according to certain standards. The logical rules of division are as follows: first, the sum of extensions of children is equal to the extension of parents; Second, a division process can only have one standard; Third, all the sub-items must be listed; Fourth, the division must be carried out step by step according to the relationship between genera and species, and it is not allowed to go beyond the level.

Distracted thinking

(1) concept

Divergent thinking refers to a diffuse thinking mode presented by the brain when thinking, which is relatively common. It is characterized by broad vision and multi-dimensional divergent thinking.

Divergent thinking is also called radiation thinking, radiation thinking, diffusion thinking or divergent thinking.

(2) Features

Answer? fluent

It is the free play of ideas. It means generating and expressing as many ideas as possible in the shortest time, and quickly adapting and digesting new ideas. Wit is closely related to fluency.

Fluency reflects the speed and quantity characteristics of divergent thinking.

b？ flexibility

It is a process of overcoming some rigid thinking frame set in people's minds and thinking in a new direction.

Flexibility needs horizontal analogy, cross-domain transformation and analogy to make divergent thinking spread in different aspects and directions, showing extremely rich diversity and versatility.

c？ Uniqueness

Refers to the ability of people to make unusual and novel reactions different from others in divergent thinking. Uniqueness is the highest goal of divergent thinking.

d？ Multi-sensory (combined)

Divergent thinking not only uses visual thinking and auditory thinking, but also makes full use of other senses to receive information and process it. Divergent thinking is also closely related to emotions. If thinkers can find ways to stimulate interest, generate passion, make information emotional and give it emotional color, it will improve the speed and effect of divergent thinking.

(3) Methods

Answer? conventional process

Material divergence method? Use as many items as possible? Materials? Take it as a divergence point and imagine its multiple uses.

Functional divergence method? From the function of something, imagine the possibilities of obtaining this function.

Structural divergence method? Take the structure of something as the divergence point and imagine the possibilities of using it.

Morphological divergence method? Take the shape of things as the divergence point and imagine the possibility of using a certain shape.

Combined divergence method? Take something as the divergence point, combine it with other things as much as possible, and make something new.

Method divergence method? Take a certain method as the divergence point and imagine the possibilities of using this method.

Causal divergence method? Take the result of the development of things as the divergence point, infer various reasons for the result, or infer various possible results from the reasons.

b？ Hypothetical reasoning method

The hypothetical problem, whether it is random choice or limited choice, should be related to the opposite situation, and it is an object and state that is temporarily impossible or nonexistent in reality.

It doesn't matter, most of the ideas obtained by hypothetical speculation may be unrealistic, absurd and infeasible. It is important that some ideas can be transformed into reasonable and useful ideas.

c？ Collective divergent thinking

Divergent thinking needs not only all our brains, but also the infinite resources around us to brainstorm. Collective divergent thinking can take different forms, such as what we often joke about? Zhuge Lianghui? .

Systematic thinking

(1) concept

System is a concept, which reflects people's epistemology of things, that is, a system is an organic whole composed of two or more elements, and the whole system is not equal to the simple addition of its parts. This concept reveals some essential attributes of the objective world, with infinitely rich connotations and limitations, and its content is system theory or systematics. As a universal methodology, system theory is the highest way of thinking that human beings have mastered so far.

Systematic thinking refers to the thinking form based on system theory, which is different from instinctive thinking forms such as creative thinking or image thinking. Systematic thinking can greatly simplify people's cognition of things and bring us a holistic view.

According to the historical period, the evolution of systematic thinking mode can be divided into four different stages of development: ancient overall systematic thinking mode? Modern mechanical system thinking mode? Dialectical system thinking mode? The thinking mode of modern complex system.

(2) Method

Holistic approach

In the process of analyzing and dealing with problems, we should always consider the whole and put the whole in the first place, instead of letting any part of things override the whole.

Holism requires that the thinking direction should be aimed at the overall situation and the whole, starting from the overall situation and the whole. If we don't use holistic thinking when we should, it will be damaged in both macro and micro aspects.

B structure method

When thinking systematically, pay attention to the rationality of the internal structure of the system. The system is composed of various parts, and whether the combination between the parts is reasonable or not has a great influence on the system. This is the structural problem within the system.

A good structure means that all parts of the system are organized reasonably and organically.

C factor method

Every system is composed of various factors, among which the most important one is called the constituent elements. In order to make the whole system work normally, play its best role or be in the best state, it is necessary to thoroughly and fully investigate all the elements and give full play to its functions.

D function method

It refers to adjusting or changing the functions and functions of all parts of the system from the overall situation, so as to make a system present the best state. In this process, it may be to make each part change in a good direction, so as to make the system state better, or it may be to seek the overall interests of the system at the expense of reducing the function of a certain part of the system.

dialectical thinking

(1) concept

Dialectical thinking refers to the way of thinking to understand things from the perspective of change and development, which is usually regarded as the opposite of logical thinking. In logical thinking, things are generally? Either this or that? 、? Really or not? In dialectical thinking, can things exist at the same time? This and that? 、? Is it true or not? Without interfering with normal thinking activities.

Dialectical thinking requires that when observing and analyzing problems, we should look at problems with a dynamic development perspective.

Dialectical thinking is the application of materialist dialectics in thinking, and the categories, viewpoints and laws of materialist dialectics are completely applicable to dialectical thinking. Dialectical thinking is the reflection of objective dialectics in thinking, and the viewpoint of connection and development is also the basic viewpoint of dialectical thinking. The negation law of unity of opposites, mutual change of quality and negation is the basic law of materialist dialectics and dialectical thinking, that is, the thinking method of unity of opposites, mutual change of quality and negation of negation.

(2) Method

Answer? get in touch with

It is a viewpoint and method to examine the thinking object from the viewpoint of universal connection, and it is a viewpoint to examine the horizontal connection of the thinking object from the space.

b？ develop

It is a viewpoint and method to examine the thinking object with the development view of dialectical thinking, which is to examine the longitudinal development process of the thinking object in the past, present and future from time.

c？ all

It is a viewpoint and method to examine the thinking object from a comprehensive point of view, that is, to comprehensively examine the horizontal connection and vertical development process of the thinking object from the whole of time and space. In other words, it is a viewpoint and method to make a multi-directional, multi-angle, multi-faceted and multi-faceted investigation of the thinking object. Do you know what innovative way of thinking is? With the rapid development of knowledge economy in today's world, innovation has become the leading force and important source of economic and social development, and innovative thinking is the key factor in the process of innovation. Let me introduce several common innovative ways of thinking to you, hoping to help you.

Eight innovative thinking methods in the new era of continuous development of science and technology and continuous prosperity of commodity production. According to the prediction of sales experts in some economically developed countries, by the end of this century, with the accelerated progress of science and technology, 80%-90% of existing products will be sold at low prices, or forced to be sold at low prices, or forced to be completely eliminated and replaced by more high-end products with new functions. This requires breaking through the traditional thinking mode and carrying out innovative thinking of products. Here are eight methods for your reference.

1, reverse thinking. Contrary to forward-looking thinking, he thinks about the development of Kunming products from the opposite angle, taking the ultimate goal of the market as the starting point of product research, thinking about the present for realizing the future and grasping the starting point for Kunming to reach the end.

2. Psychological thinking. Grasping people's psychological pursuit to develop and create new products can often receive wonderful market effects.

3. Tracking thinking. It is to find the development and innovation of future products through the follow-up investigation of social consumption signs and comprehensive analysis and thinking.

4. Alternative thinking. A product has been proved to be outdated and backward in consumption practice, and people hope to have something new and better to replace it. Once another new product that is superior to or completely different from this product comes out, the sales in Kunming market will often be unexpectedly good and the economic benefits will be unexpectedly high.

5. Materialist thinking. There is a phenomenon: a football duster hit the wall and suddenly turned back due to the influence of reaction force, and retreated a certain distance along the original direction. The greater the reaction force, the further the return distance. Kun physicists call it the object pole principle.

6. Divergent thinking. It is to start from a certain research thinking object, fully spread the wings of imagination, and involve pigs in the vast field of comparative association, close association and similar association from one point to many points, thus forming a fan-shaped development pattern of Kunming products and producing a number of innovative achievements. Wu Hao and Xu Yang gave an example of Kunzi. After a hundred years of weathering and transformation, the Statue of Liberty in the United States has 200 tons of garbage that is difficult to dispose of. A man named Kunstark contracted the job. He classified the waste materials, made the scrap copper skin into commemorative coins, made the scrap lead and aluminum into commemorative rulers, and put the cement fragments and wood in delicate and transparent boxes as souvenirs with Kun significance for people to buy. All these drugs are related to the world-famous Statue of Liberty. In this way, Kun developed several very popular commemorative new products from those worthless and difficult-to-treat garbage, and Stark also benefited a lot from it. This divergent innovative technology, which turned waste into treasure, became a beautiful talk for a while and inspired many entrepreneurs' product development behavior.

7. Negative thinking. Negation is the mother of innovation. Denying your past means creating a better future. The same is true of product innovation.

8. Multi-channel thinking. It is to let the multi-channel innovative thinking in the mind focus on a certain central point and launch an innovative offensive to a certain focus in product development.

The main form of innovative thinking There are many forms of innovative thinking, mainly including the following:

First, extend thinking. The so-called extended thinking is a way of thinking that relies on existing knowledge and follows the thinking logic of others and predecessors to explore unknown knowledge and push it forward, thus enriching and perfecting the original knowledge system.

Second, expand thinking. The so-called extended thinking is a way of thinking that broadens the scope of research objects, thus acquiring new knowledge and expanding knowledge.

Third, associative thinking. The so-called associative thinking is a thinking form that connects an observed phenomenon with the object to be studied, so as to obtain new knowledge.

Fourth, applied thinking. The so-called applied thinking is a form of thinking that studies the essence and laws of specific things by using the principle of universality, so as to gain new understanding.

Fifth, reverse thinking. The so-called reverse thinking is a way of thinking that negates the original conclusion or way of thinking, explores with a new way of thinking, and thus obtains a new understanding.

Sixth, fantasy thinking. The so-called fantasy thinking refers to the way of thinking that people fantasize about some facts or conclusions that cannot be established under the existing theoretical and material conditions, thus promoting people to acquire new knowledge.

Seventh, strange thinking. The so-called singular thinking is the way to think beyond the normal state and gain new knowledge.

Eighth, comprehensive thinking. The so-called comprehensive thinking refers to the thinking form of comprehensively using some of the above thinking forms in the process of understanding things, so as to obtain new knowledge. There are many forms of innovative thinking. Only by truly understanding and mastering the diversity of innovative thinking and using various forms of innovative thinking flexibly in practice can we freely enter the kingdom of innovation and obtain fruitful innovative results.