Seeking the name of a world famous painting with an interesting background, connotation...

Famous painting monks in the Tang Dynasty should be first of all the mid-Tang Dynasty Daofen, who was a native of Huiji (present-day Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), specializing in landscapes, pine and rocks, often for the Jiangnan and other temples to create wall paintings. Poet Gu Fong has "Jishan Daofen on the painting of landscape song"

Daofen's disciple of the French name Zong Yan, commonly known as Xu, the name of the table Ren, Wuxing (present-day Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province) people. He quite get Tao Fen tree stone of the three, when painting the brush force to fight fast, the momentum shaking people. The record of famous paintings of the past dynasties is also recorded.

Somewhat later than Daofen's painting monk Zhihui, commonly known as Gao, a native of Shaanxi, for the Luoyang Zhongtan bathing hospital monks

Shanshui painting monks and Daogai, Zhu Jingxuan, "Record of Famous Paintings of the Tang Dynasty", said that he made the landscapes, can be curved to the fullest extent of the natural.

Shanxi Tongzhou (present-day Dali County) painting monk Fa Ming is good at writing the appearance of the Tang Emperor Xuanzong called into the forbidden, for the Hall of Li Zhengzhang Zhang said seventeen bachelor portrait, each with the appearance of all, and thus by the emperor's appreciation, the picture was also the Royal Academy of painting collection. This picture was also treasured by the Royal Academy of Painting.

Activities in Kaifeng painting monk Zhiyan, Cuisi, famous for painting the Daxiangguo Temple of Buddhist group murals. Zhiyan's "three times the cause and effect of the road into the position of the map", Cui Shi painted under the nine doors of the "Brahma king emperor figure", the east corridor of the inner wall of the "Dharma Sutra twenty-eight virtues and changes of the map", are colorful characters, the wonderful phase of the light and the people of the time known as Xiangguo Temple, one of the best. Guo Ruoxu "pictures to see and hear the record" in its matter.

The painting monks of the Late Tang Dynasty were more original, such as the Jiang monk, who was famous for specializing in the painting of pine trees. Xizong (eighty-seven three - eighty-eight years on the throne), he for the transmission of scripture courtyard painting giant pine murals, so that people after watching the composed as heard the sound of pine waves. Zheng Gu, a famous poet, praised the skill of the Jiang monks in his poem "Yuntai ji" (The compilation of Yuntai).

Nanhai (now belongs to Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province) monk monk Hui, is known for painting dragons, painted hidden head and tail, quite a dragon can not look at the feelings.

Tang Dynasty, there are also some multi-talented, multi-tasking painting monks, such as Zhi Cui, "Record of Famous Paintings of All Ages" said he was good at landscapes, ghosts and gods, and made the charm of the sharp; and Shifang City, Shuzhou (now belongs to the province of Sichuan), Chu An, commonly known as the sentence, is not only good at painting figures, pavilions, but also a large, small, all to get their own way. Such as the work of the Ming Emperor Xing Huaqing Palace summer map, "Wu Wang Banquet Gusu Terrace", both large murals and small fan works; although the size of the difference, but the effort is not reduced, by the public cited, praised as a wonderful brush. See Huang Huofu "Yizhou painting book"; and then the capital Puguang Temple monk Ming solution, commonly known as Yao, Shi Daoxuan "renewed monks biography" said he was good at qin, chess, calligraphy and painting, famous Beijing. All of the above, see the Tang dynasty painting monk active.

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms of Ju Ran for the most prominent. According to "Xuanhe painting", he is Jiangning (now belongs to the city of nanjing, jiangsu province) people, living in jinling (today's nanjing, jiangsu province) kaiyuan temple, for the landscape painting of dong yuan's disciples. He was a disciple of Dong Yuan, a great master of landscape painting. After the Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty (1975), he accompanied Empress Li to Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng City, Henan Province), where he resided in the Kaibao Temple, and gained a reputation for his superb painting skills. He was invited to create the mural painting of "Smoke and Landscape" for the Academy of Bachelor's Degree.

The landscape painter of Hou Shu, Hui Jian, a monk of the Three Colleges in Guangzheng (938-965), was invited by the Da Shengci Temple in Chengdu to paint a mural entitled "The King's Feast at Gushu Terrace", with a collection of figures, beautiful landscapes and magnificent scenery, which was very much in line with the weather of peace. The record of famous paintings in Yizhou was written about it.

After the Shu, the order of the crowd, followed, but also long in the Buddhist portraits. He was a native of Guanghan in Sichuan province, and had painted large-scale murals for the bathroom of Xingguo Temple in Chengdu, the three colleges of Da Shengci Temple, and Jiedi Hall, and was famous for his "Dharma Western Figures".

The early Northern Song Dynasty landscape painting monks were best known for their small landscapes of Huichong, who was a native of Jianyang, Fujian Province. He was a native of Jianyang, Fujian Province, poetry and good at calligraphy, and Zanning, Yuanwu and other "nine poetic monks". Hui Chong is good at painting, especially outstanding. His paintings of cold and distant islets, smoke and rain, and geese show the rustic and openness of the villages and fields in the south of the Yangtze River, and are rich in elegance.

The early Song Dynasty, there is a painting Taihu Lake stone and famous painting monk Xiu Fan, Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). Painted lake stone or like clouds, or chapped like waves, strange and varied, and lofty and exquisite, a style of its own. Deng Chun "painting".

The Jiangyin painting monk in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Elephant Micro, is known for his skill in painting water. He had for Jiangyin Guangfu temple lintel painting water, according to "Jiangyin new record", the painted water, or white waves, surging; or ripples, spring water such as the sky, all have a kind of spirit of unrestricted, with the shape of the wonderful, the people called "Elephant micro water".

The late Northern Song Dynasty landscape painting monk and state Liyang (now belongs to Anhui Province and County), people De Zheng, moved to Wu County (now belongs to Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), in his later years, live in Mount Lu base stone nunnery. Well traveled to the famous mountains and rivers, and return to paint what they see as a lying tour, painting style elegant, poetic overflowing. He also worked on white characters, with Li Gonglin's style. See Wu County Records.

B, character painting monks

Character painting is the strong point of painting monks, the Northern Song Dynasty is no exception. Good portrait painting monks, there are the early Song activities in the capital of the Fa Xiang, for the True Father (998 - 102 years on the throne), the West Lake Lushan hermit Lin Bu's "Lin and Jing Poetry Collection" has "sent under the emperor's carriage to pass on the spirit of the Fa Xiang Master Poetry," praise of its painting:

Forbidden Temple of the enshrinement, such as the master of the arts of the scanty.

Another painting monk, Ping Shangren, once painted portraits for the great scholar Li Mi, and he was very charming. Li Mi's "xujiang ji" has a poem to thank him.

The Northern Song emperors were good at asking painters to paint the royal face, and when Emperor Taizong (reigned from 1997 to 1997), the monk Wuxi of Xiangguo Temple in the capital was called upon to paint the emperor's portrait, and was praised by Emperor Taizong for his skill. He also painted bamboos, and Liu Daohol's "Commentary on the Famous Paintings of the Sung Dynasty" called him a pioneer of bamboo painting, along with Tang Xiya and Dong Yu, painters of the Five Dynasties.

Renzong (103-1063 reign), Jiahe (now Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province) monk Weizhen, was called to Beijing to paint the Royal Palace, said the purpose of the reward for a very generous gift, a time when celebrities and dignitaries are proud of his portrait. See "Pictures of the journal". According to the "painting", the monk miao shan also ordered to the emperor's portrait, su dongpo has a poem to present. And according to the "Qian Dao Geng Yin Zaoshu", Zhezong (1806 - 1911 reign), Chengdu, a monk table Xiang, commonly known as Su, then in the wall of the Miaogao Terrace for the portrait of Su Dongpo, Su's love, self-titled like cloud:

Eye as a newborn calf, the heart of the boat as untethered.

To ask about the achievements of his life, Huangzhou Huizhou Yazhou.

Buddhist figure painting monks in the Northern Song Dynasty were also extraordinary. Jiangyin Tansu, Jiayou (156 - 163 years) when Jiangyin Guangfu Temple, the west hipped wall of the temple was painted "Liang Wu Di called Zhang Shengxiao write Zhigong Changshang figure", the brush force is strong, God wants to be born, see the people who are not surprised, the matter of "Jiangyin Xinzhi". Fahnen, a native of Wu County, was good at painting Luohan, and had the Five Hundred Luohan Figure, which was vivid in form and had its own personality. Qin Guan likened him to Dai Kui, a great painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in Wu Xian Zhi. Chengdu Qingliang Temple monk Zhi Ping, to be good at painting Guanyin famous, had for the water and land yard Puxian Pavilion painting Guanyin, quite a benevolent and majestic purpose; Chengdu Park Ling Yuan monk virtual has, also for the water and land yard Puxian Pavilion for murals, figures outside, and also work in landscape; Chengdu Huayang (now belongs to the city of Chengdu, Sichuan Province) painting monk Zhou Chun, Buddhist statues under the law of Li Gonglin, do not need to ZhuBi FuYi, and to the white for it; and also long birds and flowers, landscape, and put forward the painting and calligraphy are connected to the said! The above three painting monks are all in the same category. Above three painting monk, all see "painting".

C, bird and flower painting monks

Beijing Song dynasty in the early bird and flower painting monks to Jiangnan for the prevalence. Such as the late Tang painting monk with the same name of Meng Huo, good with the momentum of the tremor for the flowers, birds, bamboo and stone, more white ink interest, virtual and real, extraordinarily dynamic, giving a person the enjoyment of beauty; another example is Biling (now Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province) Jining, the painting of the grass bugs, the brush force is strong, handsome and free, the ink is simple and interesting far, Mei Yaochen, "Mr. Wan Ling collection" has a poem commented on it:

Ning Xin really God taught, sit to make the group of people ambush.

Bird and flower painting monks in the mid to late Northern Song Dynasty is not limited to the south of the Yangtze River, there are "painting" contained in the good painting of birds and flowers in Jianyang, Baojue; "Tuyi Baojian" contained in the good painting of bamboo and plum, Kyunzhou (now belongs to the Jiangxi Province, Gao'an County), Huigong, good painting of bamboo, Jiazhou (now belongs to the city of Jiading, Sichuan Province), people Daozhen, good painting of insects, Juexin, Jiejiang, good painting of insects; the "Painting history will be" contained in the good painting of the lotus in Changsha, such as the white Hibai, and so on. Huang Tingjian's "Valley Collection" contains a good painting of plum blossoms of the Huiji people Zhongren, is the most outstanding among his peers.

Zhongren lived in Huaguang Temple in Henzhou (present-day Hengyang City, Hunan Province), and was therefore called Huaguang. He loved plum blossoms of high purity, will be planted all around the temple of plum trees, every flower season, is to move the bed in the plum blossoms, singing all day long; occasionally see the moonlit night in front of the window shadow, solemn and lovely, and then spread the paper and ink painting the shape of the plum blossoms, so the art of painting is fierce, the more the higher the more high. Zhongren's painting of plum blossoms, changing Fu color to ink, was very elegant, Hua Zhen appreciated this unique creation, and in "Yunxi Jushi Collection? The title Zhongren ink scroll plum blossom" poem:

The world painting plum endowed with powder, mountain monks painting plum even ink;

Shallow cage deep dyeing up high and low, the smoke glue turned in the Yaohua color.

The cold branches of the scales of the old program, like the battle of the high wind sound patter,

Three Cang and two pens do not bother, all open half a letter such as to the sun.

Sparse points of pink and yellow are in danger of being moved, even if they are swept away,

Without waiting for the warmth of the lonely roots to return, it is clear that the news of spring has been written.

Nakahito's works have been spread to Japan, Juntaikan has his plum and bamboo drawings in his collection, see Japan's "Juntaikan left and right accounts". Zhongren also has many disciples, such as Yang Jianzhi, a native of Qingjiang, Jiangxi Province, and the painting monks Songqi and Shangren. Yang fill in the disciple of painting monk Renji, word Zeweng, common surname Tong, good ink plum, can be called Zhong Ren's re-transmission of the disciples, he also made landscape bamboo and stone, there is out of the blue of the victory, the matter of the "Tuyi Baojian" and so on.

D, other painting monks

Northern Song painting monks, there is a painting dragon water masters Chuan Gu, he is four Ming (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province) people, because of the seaside, so the waves of the momentum of the realization of the ink, brush and ink, good for the meandering of the giant dragon. Jianlong (ninety-sixty - ninety-sixty-two) between the famous for a while, old age pen power stronger. Huang Jianyuan has its painting of dragon water screen, seems to have the sound of the dragon and waves, when the number of the best. According to the "Xuanhe painting spectrum" records, only the imperial collection of its work on thirty-one frames. Chuan Gu's law disciples De Rao, Wuyi, Yue Jala, are good at painting the dragon water, each perfect their skills, reputation in the painting world.

4. Painting monks of the Southern Song Dynasty

A, landscape painting monks

After the southern transition of the Song Dynasty, the political situation was a little bit peaceful, and the court restored the Painting Academy in Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). After more than a hundred years in the south because of the relative absence of war, economic prosperity, religion, painting has also been a certain degree of development. In the early stage of landscape painting, the monks were famous for Longshi. Its painting style is simple and simple, to win, Zheng Gangzhong "Beishan Wenji" to record its events. Chunxi (1174-1189 years) when the painting monk Lao Wu, painted by the Jiangnan landscape quite similar to Ju Ran, to the meaning of plain naivety, "Qiu Zhuzai Poetry Collection" has a sentence to the.

Mid Southern Song Dynasty landscape painting monk De Zhi, No. Qing Gu, Jiangxi, calligraphy, painting, poetry and literature are all excellent, had for the Mount Lu seek true view of the left and right walls of the landscape painting, Zhu Xi inscribed poems, see the "Painting History will be".

The landscape painting monk in the late Southern Song Dynasty has the greatest influence on Ruofen, his name is Zhongshi, No. Yujian, wuzhou (present-day Jinhua, Zhejiang Province) people. He was a young man who became a monk and traveled for forty years in the clouds and lakes, copying and memorizing the mountains and rivers in his heart. In his later years, he lived in Shangtianzhu Temple in Hangzhou, and poured out his thoughts and gullies into his brush, making his works free and simple, dripping with ink and water, and changing gold and blue and luxuriant into pale and majestic, which was horrifying to the eyes. Jin Cuxiang "Renshan anthology", Wang Bo "Luzhai set", Wu Shidao "Wu Lifu set", all have poems about it. Ruofen's paintings "Mount Lu", "far Pu return sails", etc., now hidden in Japan, loved by Japanese audiences.

Hui Ji monk Chao Ran, for the late song dynasty landscape painter, the peaks of his work alum head, cool like Guo Xi, more north of the majestic situation; and the mouth of the water, houses, forests, rocks, slopes and beaches, more south of the loose cause, people like Ju Ran. He also painted figures and bamboo pictures, which can be found in "The Treasure of Painting and Drawing".

B, figure painting monk

Wu Xing monk Fan Long, is a famous figure painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. His word Mao Zong, No. Wuju, painted statues of the Buddha, to the high ancient white strokes to win, ink and brushwork, quite similar to Li Gonglin. Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty (reigned from 1127 to 1162) was very fond of his paintings, and he was always impressed by his paintings, and he was given an abode in the Jindi Mountain of Wansongling near the forbidden garden. Lu You's "Weinan Anthology" recorded his story.

Slightly later than Fanlong's Jiangxi painting monk Deyuan, also good at painting characters, there are "three life map", depicting the old man life high God Wang's state, giving people a sense of happiness and kindness. Prime Minister Zhou Bida "Pingyuan set" has a sentence gift cloud:

Xiangshan has written Danqing like, Luo recitation is still based on the vice ink transmission.

Another Jiangxi painting monk Hui Shangren, Jishui Nanchan Temple, had studied painting in Hangzhou, to specialize in the protection of the heavenly kings statue is famous, see Wen Tianxiang "Wenshan set".

C, bird and flower painting monk

South Song Dynasty painting monk Yin Shi, good at painting flowers and fruits, known as the grapes, crystal fresh and ripe, people living, Chen Zao was made "title Yin Shi Pu Peach Figure Poem" to see the gift, in the Chen's "Jianghu longevity collection". The painting monk Ying Shangren of Hepingxi (now belonging to Sheng County, Zhejiang Province) was famous for painting plum blossoms, which was praised by Lu You in a poem; Guang Shangren, who lived in Nanyue (now belonging to Hengyang City, Hunan Province), was also famous for painting plum blossoms, which was inscribed with a picture by the master of Taoism, Zhang (bark), which is shown in the poem entitled "Poems on Paintings and Sculptures".

The late Southern Song dynasty's flower and bird painting monk Fachang is unique in the crowd, his name is Muxi, commonly known as Xue, Sichuan, living in Zhejiang Tiantai Mountain Wannian Temple. Rich in justice, he was once persecuted for attacking the powerful prime minister Jia Sidao for wronging the country. Fa Chang is a disciple of the painting monk Wujun, good at painting apes and cranes, dragons and tigers, landscapes, figures, etc., all with the pen and ink, both work with writing and become, the interest is simple and far-reaching, similar to the shape and God is complete; write the sparse fruits, especially to see the work, full of interest in the sky. Wu Taisu "Songzhai plum spectrum", Zhuang Su "painting supplement" are recounted. Wujun, Fachang master and disciple works, in the Southern Rizong (1225 - 12164 years on the throne) has been transmitted to Japan, now Tokyo Daitokuji Temple collection of Fachang painted "Ape Figure", "Goddess of Mercy" and so on. Hatsune's paintings had a great influence on Zen painting in Japan, and are therefore listed as national treasures or important cultural properties in Japan.

Luo window living in Hangzhou, West Lake, Sixth Temple, and Fa Chang painting similar, quite Zen interest, the influence also spread to the East, Japan Juntai Kuan collection of his work, see the Juntai Kuan left and right account records.

In addition, there are still good at painting the plum blossom of the monk Ding, Zhao Mengjian "Plum and Bamboo Spectrum" said its plum blossom, thick branches and flowers work, very much the work of the fun; Tiejian, good at painting the bamboo, Peng Yuncan "Kouyantian Zhai notes" said the Song and Yuan poets of its ink bamboo more than the title; Yuan Woo, No. Kuiyi, Fuzhou, living in Chong'an Kaishangyuan, and Zhu Xi friendly, painted bamboo and stone often get Zhu Xi praised, the matter of Fuzhou FuZhouZhi.

D, other painting monks

Lou key "attack the collection of gems" recorded Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, the monk Zhirong for the early Southern Song dynasty painting monks, commonly known as刑, the name of the islet, Kaifeng people. After the South China Sea, good at painting dragons, cows, etc., a few strokes, and the shape of God can be seen. Cow drawings especially lively and lovely, is to "old cow" self-title.

Song dynasty, there are many painting monk, active in the painting world. Such as landscape painting monks in sichuan Zhijian, chengdu four heavenly kings courtyard of Zhiyong, suining of Zhishen, zhejiang hangzhou of true wisdom, anonymous Mingchuan; figure painting monks in sichuan emei way macro, guide river (now in sichuan province, guangxian) of the shaozuo, chengdu qingliang temple of zhiping and its disciples, chengdu immovable zun hospital of zu ying, pengcheng (now in jiangsu province, tongshan county) of the line of the min, zhejiang Yongjia of the choice of benevolence, anonymous of the wisdom of the shi, yanzhen, line of the upper seat, and so on; Bird painting monks have anonymous real Hui, Hangzhou, West Lake, Changqing Temple of Hui Zhou, etc., because the literature is only contained in the matter, but not detailed in the Southern and Northern Song dynasties, it is listed here, in order to see the development of the Song dynasty painting monks thriving.

5. Yuan dynasty painting monks

Yuan dynasty, although less than a hundred years ago, but as the ruler of the Mongolian aristocrats because of Tibetan Buddhism, and advocate the importance of multiple religions, so Buddhism flourished; at the same time the Yuan dynasty abolition of the imperial examinations, many literati not allowed to enter the civil service, by the national discrimination, is to turn to the Zen, so that the Buddhist community has strengthened the cultural literacy than ever. Painting monks of the literati interest is also strong in the previous generation, painting the function of writing to deepen, people are particularly fond of plums, orchids, pines, bamboos, grapes and other subjects, in order to express the noble feelings, bird and flower painting unprecedented development. Comparatively speaking, other paintings are slightly inferior.

A, landscape painting monks

According to Li Rihua "six study of the three strokes", the early Yuan landscape painting monks to "four hidden monks," one of the Ben Cheng is famous. His name jueyin, ningshizi, dawen, etc., landscape study juran, sparse and natural; also work plume bamboo and stone. Often to the name of the ancients for painting, to avoid the secular quest. At the same time the northern painting monk Pu light, the word xuanhui, the number of snow an, commonly known as Li, Datong people, and his brother Pu Yuan, all work landscape, more than the central plains of the majestic weather. Puguang was also recommended by Zhao Zi'ang into the dynasty, given the name of xuanwu master, the matter is contained in Tao Zongyi "book history will be". In addition, Chen Jiru "history of painting and calligraphy" of the monk with the word Ruzhou; Wang Feng "Wuxi set" described Ci newspaper temple elder Nan Yue Yun, also good at painting landscape. Landscape painting monks at the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the Shun Emperor (1333 - 1368 reign) when Rui Shangren is famous for, made by the XiaoShanNingHo, give a person out of the dust of thought. Liu Bowen "Liu Wencheng Gong Collection" has gifted his sentence cloud:

Superior sex addiction delay landscape, should be Wang Wei second body.

B, figure painting monks

Yuan dynasty, there are several monks specializing in Buddhist figure painting, although not famous in the country, but its works are quite popular in Japan because of Zen interest overflowing, such as good paintings of the Maitreya Buddha oracle master, good paintings of Manjushri Bodhisattva snow stream, and good paintings of the luohan dao ming, are famous in Fusan. This is recorded in Catalog of Chinese Paintings Existing in Japan, Accounts of the Left and Right Sections of the Juntai Kannon, and the Catalogue of Chinese Paintings Existing in Overseas Countries edited by Prof. Kei Suzuki of the University of Tokyo. According to Pu Daoyuan "Idle Habitat", the Yuan dynasty painting monk woodcutting Kuzi also good painting Lohan, although not as good as the fifth generation Guanxiu, but also get its likeness, quite a lot of exaggerated beauty.

In addition to Buddhist figures, the Yuan dynasty painting monks work to write the appearance of jingkou (present-day dantu county, jiangsu province) people mirror pond is famous, gong shi tai "play zhai set" in a poem celebrating its art; long reed (present-day cangxian, hebei province) people monk sea, word a boat, also work portrait, see "history of painting and calligraphy".

C, bird and flower painting monk

Yuan early Hangzhou, West Lake Mari Temple monk Wen Riguan famous for painting grapes. His word Zhongyan, No. Zhigui Zi, Huating (now belongs to Shanghai Songjiang County). He was a man of integrity, and had denounced Yang Lianzhenjia, the president of Jiangnan Buddhism, who had excavated the mausoleum of the Southern Song Dynasty. Wen Riguan is good at drawing grapes in ink with cursive calligraphy, splashing ink with his hand, then waving the brush, swift in running and cursive, packing up the scattered, in a moment. It can be said that he used his fingers and brushes together, and his skill was excellent and unique. He borrows grapes as a metaphor for Xuanzhu to express his open-mindedness in converting to Buddhism and refusing to attach himself to the rich and powerful. Yuan Jue "Qing Rongju Shi set" celebrates its noble temperament:

Drunken grapes ink for the bone, autumn leaves, something cloudy;

Wrapped in a hurry to count the Xuanzhu, do not know what is the Secretary.

Wen Riguan's grape picture has long been spread to Japan, people appreciate his temperament, painting, and regard his work as a treasure. Now the United States also treasures his work, such as the University of California at Berkeley Gao Juhan (James F? Cahill) Professor of the "Jing Yuan Zhai" in the collection of Wen Riguan's "grapes scroll".

Songan Shangren, a painting monk who lived in Nanyue, also made grapes in ink and water to express his ambition, and a poem in Fu and Li Poetry Recordings recites his virtues.

Wen Riguan's Songjiang townsman Pu Ming, famous for painting orchids. His name was Xuewu, commonly known as Cao, and he lived in Chengtian Nengren Zen Temple in Suzhou and Bodhi Temple in Jiading. Puming made, orchid leaves sparse, fragrance floating, the orchid high and pure symbolism, one by one exposed in thick vegetation, by the monks and laypeople's praise, so that the south of the Yangtze River appeared in the belt of "household snow window orchids," the custom, Huang Jin, "Mr. Jinhua anthology" record of its events. His works and "Orchid Painting Notes" were brought back by Japanese monks who came to China, which had an impact on the Japanese painting world. Orchid expression of the painting monk also Li Qi "Yunyang set" contained in the Wujie, "Drawing Baojian" contained in the Miao Yuan, "History of Painting and Calligraphy" contained in the Suzhou painting monk Zongying, "Pinghu County Records" contained in the Dao Yin, Shao Ying "Gui Yin set" contained in the Tiantai monks, such as the Kulin.

Siming painting monk Zubai, word Ziting, for the Southern Song Dynasty minister Shi Miyuan's descendants, into the Yuan as a monk, wrote "untethered boat set", expressing the yearning for freedom, and painting pines and cypresses to express their aspirations. The pines and cypresses in his paintings are transcendent, with a kind of pride of independence and a boldness that is not afraid of cold and heat, which is a metaphor for a chaste and noble heart. Gu Ying "Cao Tang elegant collection" poem said:

Virtual boat is not tied, the lake and the sea is still called;

The realization of the cypress in front of the court, the square is a monk outside the thing.

Empty and empty, no I phase, fall who should;

Back to the East Mountain to, East Mountain gas doubled.

Zubai's drawings of pine trees were also brought back by Japanese monks who came to China, and some of them have been preserved to this day. In addition, "wu xi set" contained in the east wu (now jiangsu province suzhou city area) painting monk monk lotus, is also the yuan dynasty master of painting pine, painted by the pavilion independent, magnificent and majestic.

Bamboo to have a false heart, not easy to section and other characteristics of the painter as a symbol of high style and integrity. Yuan dynasty painting monks borrow ink bamboo to send a lot of thoughts, the famous ones are "drawing the treasure" contained in the wonderful round, Zhihao, Yun Cai, Haiyun and disciple Zhi Hai, "painting history will be" contained in the huating people when Pu, "painting and calligraphy history" contained in the people of nanchang v. Six study of the three strokes of "six study of the cliff" contained in the square and so on, often under the three tips of the pen five leaves, and the fun from the birth of the. Borrowing plum expression of noble painting monks have "jiaxing province" contained in the hui fan, "pine and snow collection" contained in the but yao, restoration on the person. One of the painting monk Hui Fan also work daffodil, and in the residence planted all over the plum, daffodil, used for sketching and enjoyment, so the ink work is extraordinary, and y mastered.

D, other monks

In addition to the above subjects, the Yuan dynasty painting monks dabbled in bugs, fish, dragons and other paintings, such as Hui Zhen made the "rotting gourd ants," to satirize some corrupt officials such as ants by the smell, Yu set for the poem, see Yu's "Tao Yuan Xue Gu Records"; Shun emperor when the painting of the monks in the mountains, good painting fish, to send the thought of freedom and freedom of thought, Liu Bowen, "Liu Wencheng Gong set" has a poem to say that the appreciation; and the painting of the monk nature nature, the absolute light of the good, and the painting of the monk nature is natural. Monk sex natural, Jiezhao good painting dragons, to show respect for the protection of the gods, the former matter see Fu Ju "Lin House Mountain Manuscript", the latter see Li Cun "Yi An set".

Three, the Tang and the Song dynasty painting monks of the art contribution

After the above mentioned hair potential to highlight the ghost, the historical facts not only eloquently illustrate the Tang and the Song dynasty painting monks of the five generations of the talented, versatile Buddhist community. And also to the world to reveal the true meaning: with the evolution of history, the painting monks continue to show their skills in art, Buddhist culture, art business, Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges have made outstanding contributions.

In addition to the important contribution of the monks to Buddhist culture (such as painting to visualize the greatness of Buddhism, Buddhism's goodness, such as painting to beautify the environment, etc.) and the outstanding achievements of the Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges (such as painting to exchange Buddhist ideas, record the activities of Chinese and foreign monks, etc.), I think that the monks of the art of the cause of the contribution of the monks at least in the following areas is worth writing about:

First, the monks made achievements in various fields of painting, such as landscapes, figures, birds and flowers, animals, etc., as well as in art theory and art education, and their development was comprehensive.

The second is that the art of innovation, painting monks clever and studious, in the history of art development, there are also many innovations and achievements. For example:

Five Dynasties landscape painting monk Ju Ran, together with his master Dong Yuan, for the establishment of the foundation of the Jiangnan School of landscape painting, so that landscape painting to "Dong Ju" for a change.

The figure-painting monk Guanxiu used exaggerated and romantic methods to express the Brahma-style Lohan, which not only added lyrical interest to the portrait, but also put a layer of mysterious color on the Lohan, thus making it more artistically contagious, and played an enlightening role in the development of the later figure-painting of Buddhism.

The Northern Song Huichong's landscape scene, lively and interesting, such as the emergence of the army, breaking the Chongyuejunling style and panoramic landscape dominated the painting world situation, with poetic and picturesque, scenarios blending the countryside and refreshing, so that the painting of the deepening of the lyrical interest, the natural world of the beauty of the localization to be manifested.

Zhongren's plum blossom, change Fu color for ink, plum blossom symbol of purity and purity of character, in the thick and thin ink rhyme to get the fullest play, no one in the past, there will be a successor, promote the development of ink painting.

Yuanyi was a pioneer in bamboo painting, and his love of bamboo made him a pioneer in the field of bamboo painting.

Zhou Chun's theory that painting and calligraphy are the same became the basis for the literati painter Zhao Zi'ang's theory that painting and calligraphy have the same origin.

Fa Chang of the Southern Song Dynasty integrated the enlightenment of Zen Buddhism into the theory of painting, and expressed the object in a simple and generalized way with strokes that were centered on the source of the heart, prompting the painting world to free itself from the constraints of the physical world and to give full play to its subjective instincts.

Wen Riguan, Xuewang, and Bo Ziting in the Yuan Dynasty used grapes, orchids, and pines as metaphors to inspire temperance and express noble sentiments, deepening the symbolism of painting, expanding the expressive function of painting, and promoting the inner spirit of Chinese painting.

Thirdly, the monks had a positive influence on the painting world at that time and in later times. For example,

Shidao's statues of the guardians of the Dharma and Facheng's statues of Bodhisattvas in the Tang Dynasty were regarded as samples of Buddhist figures painted by court artists and folk painters at that time.

The Jiangnan landscapes of Ju Ran in the Fifth Dynasty were not only followed by others at that time, but also by Gao Kegong and Wu Zhen of the Four Yuan Schools in the Yuan Dynasty, Shen Zhou and Wen Zhengming of the Wu Men School of Painting in the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang of the Songjiang School of Painting, and Dong Qichang of the Songjiang School of Painting in the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Shen Zhou and Wen Zhengming of the "Wu Men School of Painting", Dong Qichang of the "Song Jiang School of Painting", and Wang Shimin and Wang Shigu of the "Four Wangs School of Painting" in the early Qing Dynasty all followed them as the guideline for the landscape of the Southern Sect, and dabbled with them to acquire the nourishment for their techniques.

The exaggerated painting style of Guan Xiu inspired, to varying degrees, the creation of Buddhist figures by Fan Long of the Northern Song Dynasty, Chen Hongshou of the late Ming Dynasty, and Jin Nong's variant portraits of the Qing Dynasty.

Northern Song Huichong's landscape scenes, by Su Dongpo, Mi Fu, Shen Zhou, Xu Wei, Dong Qichang and other generations of literati painters, and the Southern Song dynasty court painter Ma Yuan, Ma Lin father and son, the Yuan dynasty folk painters Wang Chongyu, etc., but also master of its intention, capture the landscape scenes, wild and interesting.

Zhongren's ink plums, through his disciple Yang Jianzhi's promotion, outstanding show, the Southern Song Dynasty Zhao Mengjian, the Yuan Dynasty Wang Coronation, the Qing Dynasty Shi Tao and so on are all its art.

Juning's brushwork of grasshopper, very popular in the generation of Changzhou in the south of the Yangtze River, the Yuan Fang Junduan, Ming Lv Jingfu, etc. are learning to learn, the influence of hundreds of years. Wuyang county, the history of painting and calligraphy also recorded its events.

Fourth, the painting monk in the Chinese and foreign art exchanges have an important role. For example:

The ink plums of Zhongren of the Northern Song Dynasty, the landscapes of Ruofen, and the birds, flowers, figures, and animals of Wujun and Fachang of the Southern Song Dynasty were mostly imported into the East through the exchanges between Chinese and Japanese Buddhists, and they were regarded as the typical Zen paintings. The great painters of the Muromachi period (1333-11573 years) in Japan, such as Ke Weng, Moan Ling Yuan, Da Qiao Ru Hao, Yuki Boat, etc., and Kano Motonobu, were all enshrined by them, and among them, Moan Ling Yuan was also known as "Makikei Again", which was recorded in the Japanese scholar Machida Kichi's History of Japanese Art. Japanese art history" recorded this historical fact.

Four, the rest: not to be ignored painting monk painting

Tang Five Dynasties Song and Yuan painting monk can be successful, should be related to the following reasons:

One of the painting monk of learning and hard work. Such as the Tang Dynasty Shi Dao's master of Wu Daozi, five generations of Ju Yuan's master of Dong Yuan, not two, not the same, but see the achievement; such as the Tang Dynasty Daofen's dedication to painting, unremitting progress, and die before he died.

The second is the painting monk and folk painters, court painters to painting as a means of livelihood is different, but to painting as a support, to painting for fun, so can not be outside the interference of the commodity economy, can be more independent of the painting, express their pursuit of beauty, to create a work above life.

Third, the painting of monks in the morning bells and drums in the sound of life, more disillusioned with the sea of literati painters, less a layer of mundane constraints, and more a layer of Zen thought of the experience, because they can be their own perception of nature to express themselves unrestrained, as the Sixth Patriarch, "Tantra" cloud: blowing off the delusion, inside and outside the clear, in the nature of all the law is to see. Thus, we can play the subjective initiative of "getting the source of the heart", not be bound by the sight, hearing and awareness, and turn all the evil realities into a superior realm, so that people's bodies and minds are free from obstacles, and the work is also full of dusty thoughts and a sense of purity.

Fourth, most of the painting monks live in the jungle for natural environmental protection better orchard, direct contact with nature, contact with the countryside, easier than others to obtain natural naivety, calm and quiet creative environment, outside the teacher of creation. This is precisely the basic objective conditions required for painters to create masterpieces.

Based on the above reasons, the painting monk is easy to have a strong philosophical, literary, natural and artistic perception, thus forming a simple and far from ordinary painting style, the end of the Ming and the early Qing Dynasty painting monk group of the art of the style, had a direct impact. Such as eight, Shi Tao's bird and flower paintings, more Zen thoughts, Zhong Ren's ink rhyme; Shixi, Hongren's landscape paintings, more Ju Ran's naivety, Huichong's ethereal; eight insects and fish, no trees and stones, more than the warmth of the mood of the sun, the snow window of the implicit, it makes people think. All of these, that is, we can know the origin of the painting style of painting monks.

So, in the history of Chinese painting, painting monks not only wrote a brilliant chapter, and can be completely comparable with the literati, folk painters, court painters, in the ranks of artists have an important seat.