Introduction of traditional Daoxiao Noodles

(1) refers to "knives, guns, swords, boring tools, sticks, forks, rakes, whips, hammers, axes, hooks, sickles, pickaxes, crutches, bows and arrows, rattan cards".

(2) The arrangement is the same as (1), except that the last three items are changed to: generation, judgment, bow and arrow.

3 refers to "nine long and nine short". Jiuchang: guns, halberds, sticks, cymbals, forks, boring, hooks, shackles and rings; Nine shortcomings are: knife, sword, crutch, axe, whip, mace, hammer, stick and pestle.

(4) refers to 18 kinds of weapons, which are called knives, guns, swords, halberds, axes, cymbals, hooks, forks, whips, mallets, hammers, claws, cymbals, sticks, crutches and meteor hammers by some people in the modern theater. (Easy to remember: sword, spear, halberd, axe, hook, fork, stick, whip, mace, hammer to catch the kidnapper meteor)

Note: (3) The bows and arrows of long-range weapons and the cards or rattan cards of defensive weapons are not listed, which reflects that modern fighters are not good at learning bows and arrows and only teach routines.

Eighteen weapons-bow

Bow is one of the ancient weapons, which can excite the string and shoot far. The origin of this method is the oldest. The Yellow Emperor attacked Zhuolu with bows and arrows to win, and was the first one to use bows and arrows. However, bows and arrows at that time were made of bamboo and wood. Although they are far away, they are not perfect. Then they explain the principles, invent and refine each other. As a result, bows and arrows became weapons of war one by one, which not only made the ancients hit a hundred shots, but also suppressed the firearms of later generations. Although they were all explained by later generations, the contribution of their creators is also indispensable. According to the first person who waved a bow and arrow; Kao Yun: In ancient times, Huang waved a bow, which Xunzi called a bow, and Shanhaijing called a bow. According to the chronological test, when the wave was the creator, it was probably the bow of the ancients. At that time, the use of bows and arrows was more than 100 times that of other weapons. It is not only powerful and far-reaching, but also good at performing. If you study it carefully, you will be familiar with it. It is foolproof to shoot people with a hundred paces. Compared with modern firearms, we don't give up much, so it's appropriate to pay attention to eighteen kinds of martial arts, which began with crossbows and ended in vain.

Han Liuxi's Interpretation of Names and Soldiers: "Bow, dome, Zhang dome also. At the end, it is called the flute tip; Also known as "Yi", the bones are slippery. The central government says "caress" and "caress", and people caress and hug. Fu Xiao's idle talk is meaningful, profound, graceful and meaningful, and his words are graceful and melodious. 」

1963, a Paleolithic flint headstock was found at the Zhiyu site in Shanxi Province 28,000 years ago. It is made of very thin long stones, sharp and geometric, with the shape of a trowel bit.

Bows include king bow, arc bow, clip bow, thin bow, Tang bow and big bow. Their shapes and uses are different. King bow and arc bow are used for guarding city and fighting cars, clip bow and thin bow are used for wild hunting and bird shooting, and Tang bow and big bow are used for shooting. The size of the bow is also divided into upper bow (6 feet 6 inches), middle bow (6 feet 3) and lower bow (6 feet 3) according to the user's body length and physical strength.

There are tiger bows, carved bows, angle bows, road bows and strong bows in the Han Dynasty. Most bows are inlaid with bronze ornaments or jade ornaments.

[Edit this paragraph] Eighteen weapons-crossbows

The crossbow is also a bow. It is said that it was made by the Yellow Emperor. It is also called the nest bow. Its arrow does not rely on manpower, but its strength is great and far, stronger than the bow. Hunters always set up a bunch of shovels to make tigers and leopards practice their machines by mistake and get an arrow. This shows that its strength is also strong. However, the crossbow is slightly different from the bow. Behind the bow, put one arm horizontally and shoot an arrow, that is, when shooting, first put the string on the machine, which is called the crossbow tooth, and then press the crossbow nose, but in different directions. This is the next one, this is the next one, just like a mousetrap machine, so it is a crossbow nose. Crossbows come in different sizes and names. The small ones climb with their hands, and the big ones need their feet, which is not enough to cover. Its names include arm crossbow, flower crossbow and stirrup crossbow. , probably because of different usage, so we have different names. The structure of the crossbow is still the same. Probably, these names are from the Tang and Song Dynasties, not from ancient times. The role of crossbows is greater than bows and arrows, and firearms are popular, so the status of crossbows has plummeted. Even today, not only are few people familiar with them, but even their names and forms have been forgotten. But there are many mountains and forests in the north, and poisonous snakes and beasts sometimes do great harm to the people. Mountain residents still build nests and bows and arrows to protect themselves. Orion lives by hunting animals. In addition to fire, he also ambushed with a nest bow. Once the fire goes out, some people kill animals with crossbows. Therefore, although the crossbow is not used in the war, people outside the mouth of Shanshan, especially those who learn more, are in case they are born and benefit from it. If the people in the south are weak and plain, although they attach a little importance to the military today, no one can recover in this way.

Han Liuxi's "Release the Soldiers by Interpreting the Names": "There is anger in the crossbow. Its handle is called an arm, which looks like a human arm. Hook string says teeth, just like teeth. Guo called the tooth outside, which is the rule of the tooth. Xia Yue Dao is natural in shape. Including the mouth of the machine, it is as smart as the machine and opens and closes like a cardinal of the portal. 」

A crossbow has a longer range than a bow.

During the Warring States period, there were four kinds of crossbows: the clip crossbow, the thin crossbow, the Tang crossbow and the big crossbow. Clip crossbows and thin crossbows are light and fast, and are mostly used to attack and defend fortresses; Tang crossbow and big crossbow are both strong crossbows. Although it has a long range, it has a slow firing rate and is mostly used in vehicle warfare and field operations.

Brief introduction of Han history, literature history and war history: distant crossbow shooting weapons 15 articles.

There are two kinds of crossbows in the Han Dynasty, one is "opening the crossbow with both arms" and the other is "opening the crossbow fully".

When Zhuge Liang was in Shu, he once made a crossbow called Rong Yuan. The crossbow is made of iron and is eight inches long. Ten arrows are placed in a crossbow slot, and when you pull the trigger once, you can shoot an arrow from the arrow hole. Then the arrow in the crossbow slot fell into the arrow room, and then it was wound and can be shot again. (Wushu essay P 164)

The crossbow in Jin Dynasty was bigger than that in Han Dynasty, so it was called "the crossbow of God of hosts". For example, in December of the sixth year of Emperor Yi of Jin 'an (4 10), Liu used a crossbow to smash Lu Xun.

In the first year of Xining in Song Shenzong (A.D. 1068), Li Hongzhang invented the crossbow, which was named Shen Arm Bow. Song Shi said, "The length is three feet two inches, the chord is two feet five inches, and the arrow feather is several inches long. He took more than 340 steps, and half an arrow hit the elm tree. It has the advantages of long range and light weight, so it has been spread to the Ming Dynasty.

Bed crossbows prevailed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and martial arts classics included double bow bed crossbows, cicada crossbows, fighting crossbows, three archers crossbows and so on. At the end of the Ming dynasty, crossbows gradually declined, and the Qing army no longer used them as combat weapons.

[Edit this paragraph] Eighteen weapons-guns

Spear originated from the earliest things. In the era of automobile war, soldiers used long soldiers and bows and arrows, but the spear was the most suitable, so the spear was called Zhang Ba, and the gun came from here. Unfortunately, although it was a fighting tool at that time, there was no certain way to use it; The two arrays are antagonistic, but with this weapon, they can attack each other from a long distance. According to legend, the gun was actually handed down by Miao Man. The gun spectrum contains: there are cannibals in the west, and the people are brave. Both men and women are skilled in martial arts, artists are kings, and the masses obey and dare not disobey; Therefore, the children of Wu Chishi's family are five or six years old. Even if they practice martial arts, those who are too weak to join the army will be abandoned by their parents, and the people in the village will not be with Wu. Clans are especially good at pike. This spear is seven to eight feet long, with a golden front and a wooden handle. When dancing, cold stars are dotted with silver light, and water can't be poured in. It can be used to attack the enemy, and the arrow stone cannot be destroyed. This is also the beginning of marksmanship. According to the suspicion of the western regions, Wu Chishi's family background can't be tested. As for when this law was introduced into the Central Plains, there are different opinions, so there is no need to delve into it. In short, marksmanship originated from the Wuji family, which is beyond doubt.

Guns, like spears, are the most widely used spearmen in ancient battlefields, which have been recorded in the later Han Dynasty, but their blades are long and have not yet left the spearhead form. Because spears are inconvenient to use, guns gradually became popular in the Jin Dynasty. The bronze spear head used at that time was slightly smaller than before, and it was similar to the iron spear head of later generations. There were many people who were good at guns in the Tang Dynasty. "The Biography of the Five Dynasties" said: "Yan Zhang is brave and powerful, and can walk with a hundred steps, riding an iron gun like flying, and others can't afford it. In the army, his name is Wang Tie Gun. After the Song Dynasty, spears were basically replaced by guns. In Wu Jing Zong Yao, Ceng Gongliang listed eighteen kinds of long-rod iron guns in Song Dynasty, including: falling horse gun, double hook gun, ring gun, single hook gun, revolver gun, revolver gun, cone gun and so on. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, was very good at using guns. Up to now, there are still Yue's marksmanship.

Biography of Li Quan in Song Dynasty: Li Quan is agile with a bow and a horse, and can transport iron guns, so he is called "Li Tie Gun". Yang, the whole wife, said, "Twenty years of pear blossom guns are invincible in the world."

Qi Jiguang's "Ji Xiao" said: "The method of pike began in Yang, named pear flower, and the world is salty; The beauty lies in familiarity. Cooked, the heart can forget the hand, and the hand can forget the gun. The use is mellow and not sluggish, and quiet is not expensive. When it is quiet, the heart is not crazy, but it is rich, unpredictable and infinite. In Jin Yong's The Condor Heroes, Yang Kang used Yang Jia's gun method.

The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of Wushu, so at this stage, the theory and technology of marksmanship were obviously improved, and all marksmanship were competitive. He's "War Story" said: "Majiapu, Shajiagan and Li Jiamao have their own merits. They can be used in both length and depth. They are unstoppable, fast and invincible, but Yang Lihua is also a dead shot. At that time, Yang's marksmanship was respected because Yang's gun was "fake and true, strange and positive; "Its progress is sharp, and its retreat is slow; Its potential is dangerous and its section is short; Don't move like a mountain, move like Lei Zhen ". In the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1635), Bi Maokang, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, wrote a picture of a burnt pear flower gun, and explained: "The pear flower gun was tied to the head of a pike and fired several feet. The enemy fell to the ground with medicine and stabbed him with a gun when the fire was over. This kind of gun has the function of firearms, and it is obviously an effective weapon before the emergence of new firearms.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the pike tended to be simple, with flat blade and round barrel bottom. Until today, this type is used in martial arts. At present, the popular guns are big guns, flower guns, double-headed guns, short guns, double guns, hook guns, guns and so on. The usage of guns mainly includes: stabbing, poking, tart, rushing, winding, winding, blocking, holding, flapping, pointing, poking, dancing and so on.

[Edit this paragraph] Eighteen weapons-knives

The broadsword was originally a sharp weapon in the era of automobile war. At first, I just stopped chopping. At first, there was no deification to control the enemy, which was similar to Zhang Ba Snake Spear. Fu Cha's descendants, the political reform, chariots and horses, and soldiers with broadswords, knew the shortcomings of winning by law, and according to their own war experience, they came up with various methods to help kill the enemy with broadswords and control the results, so there were various changes. The most famous broadsword is Wang Guan's sword, and the cover is Guan Yu's knife method; There is a Wang Guan Dao in The Three Kingdoms, which weighs 82 Jin and is 10 foot long. The ancient system is shorter than today's system, only eight feet long, with strange ears. The broadsword of this world is built like this, that is, the knife method has changed because of this. There are more than one kind of broadsword, such as shifting wind knife, fork knife, nine-ring knife and double-edged knife. They are all broadswords with different styles and different names. For its usage, all roads lead to the same goal, and there is no big difference at first; Therefore, Wang Guandao. It can be said that it is the ancestor of broadsword, from which all other broadswords were born. Although there are various changes, none of them can be deified accurately and perfectly. Today, this knife is used as a handout, which is good for the public and the people, and also follows the ancient law.

Knife is one of the earliest weapons in China. Primitive people used it to cut, chop, scratch or cut the skin of animals. Bronze knives in Shang Dynasty were born out of primitive stone knives, and large combat knives appeared. Ring-headed knives used in the Zhou Dynasty were not only used in the Han Dynasty, but also spread to Japan and Korea. The emperors and ministers of the Han Dynasty wore swords instead of swords, so the role of knives was particularly prominent in the Han Dynasty.

The Song Dynasty inherited the systems of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. The traditional single knife has only one color, with a heavy shape and a wide iron blade. Another kind of broadsword is widely used, such as machete, moon knife, etc. Eyebrow sharp knife, phoenix mouth knife, pen knife, etc.

Imitating Japanese Dao in Ming Dynasty, using both hands to hold the handle as a long Dao can cut off or damage the handle of the opposing long soldier. Qi Jiguang's Book of Ji Xiaoxin: "Long Dao has existed since Japanese invasion of China. If you jump well, you can jump more than ten feet. If the knife is five feet long, it is five feet long. Our soldiers are short and difficult to pick up, long and agile, and their bodies are broken. 」

Martial artists often use "swords like tigers" to describe their bravery, ferocity and strength. The broadsword is a long weapon. As the saying goes, "a broadsword depends on its blade", that is, it takes time to chop, wipe, lift, chop, stab, press, hang and check the blade. Single knife and double knife are short weapons, which means "single knife looks at the hand, double knife looks at the walk". Therefore, the single knife pays attention to cutting, chopping, stabbing, pulling, wiping, blocking and cutting, while the double knife pays attention to the uniform force of both hands, clear knife method, flexible pace and coordination from top to bottom to show the posture of "flowers hidden in leaves and butterflies flying". At present, there are popular giant knives, three-pointed double-edged knives, double-ring knives and long knives (two-handed knives).

[Edit this paragraph] Eighteen weapons-sword

Sword, the sacred product of ancient times, is supreme, noble and admirable. He is the ancestor of the melee weapon short soldier, and entered the mysterious legend with profound Daoism. In fact, because of its portability, admirable and rapid use, princes and emperors, literati and chivalrous people, businessmen and ordinary people are proud of it. Since ancient times, sword and art have often fought in the battlefield, dominated the Wulin, founded the country, and acted in righteousness. So it has spread to this day and is still loved by the world. It is also deeply rooted in the hearts of the people because of its glorious history.

Sword originated in Xuanyuan Huangdi era. According to "The Yellow Emperor's Ji Yun", "The emperor used Shoushan bronze to cast swords and engraved astronomical ancient characters"; According to many records in Guanzi, "Tian Ge Luzhi Mountain used to make gold, and Chiyou used it as a sword armor". The above two statements, like Huangdi and Chiyou, are casting swords for soldiers.

According to the above statement, no matter who the founder of the sword is, it was born in the era of the Yellow Emperor, but there is no doubt. Huangdi built a temple in 46 15 BC [2704 BC], when the fashion department just entered the bronze age, but it can be inferred that the birth of sword is extremely ancient and has a long history, so people later called it "the ancestor of short soldiers", which really deserved its reputation.

From the Yellow Emperor to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, most swords were made of copper, with good quality and advanced refining technology. The sword system was established in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the method of making the sword was expounded. Zhou Li Kao said, "Zhou Guantao's family heirloom is a sword. It is two and a half inches long and wide, so its wax is widely used. The stem ring is twice as long. On its stem, after fighting, the body is very one-fifth of its stem, and it is heavy [according to: one-sixth of Zhou Li], which means it is made on it and serves on the soil. Four stems are seven Tang weights long, which is called neutralization system, and the sergeant takes it. It is three stems long and weighs five, and the corporal takes it. " Archaeological records also said: "Sword, the name of an ancient vessel, has two edges and one ridge, from the back to the edge, called wax, or [sword body]. Below the back blade, it is separated from the handle, which is called the head [sword board], and the grip below the head is called the handle [sword handle], and the rotation of the handle end means "grab".

As can be seen from the above, the sword is a sharp weapon, and its size depends on the human body and the number of people being measured. Hua Zheng explained the sword in detail, saying, "People have different shapes and sizes, so making swords for their clothes is not just to look beautiful, but to make them suitable for use." So it is a third-class system, in order to treat third-class people and suit themselves. The hilt is five inches long. If the length of the blade is five times that of the hilt, the blade will be three feet long. If it's heavy, it's three catties and twelve liang. It is extremely long and heavy, so it is called Shangtong. Only those who are good-looking can win, so the staff sergeant is convinced. The sword has four stems, is two feet five inches long and weighs seven catties and fourteen liang, so it is called neutral. Only the person who gets the best is suitable to take it, so the sergeant took it. The sword is two feet long when it stops at three stems, and two pounds and one second and three minutes when it stops at five Tang Dynasties. It is light and short, so it is called the lower system. People who are short and weak can take it. "

The above-mentioned sword system was widely used in ancient times, and it still changed in past dynasties. This was especially true from the Qin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. Zheng Huayun said: "If you compare the sword of Qin and Han Dynasties with that of Song Dynasty, the sword of Song Dynasty is 2 1 inch 3 points, while the sword of Han Dynasty is only 17 inch 9 points. The dagger in the Song Dynasty was fifteen inches and two minutes, but only ten inches and five minutes in the Han Dynasty, so the sword in the Song Dynasty was longer and of better quality than that in the Han Dynasty. Then again, when there is evidence, it is not convenient to agree. Although the purpose of covering the sword is not to kill people, it is also an ornament of literati. However, the main purpose is to defend against the enemy. For example, the sword is inconvenient to use when it is long, and it is difficult to last long when it is short. When it is short, it is difficult to strike hard, and the elderly are bulky and slow to swing. Neither is suitable for sword system. There is a saying in ancient books that "the sword of Emperor Gaozu won the world with three feet", so it is wrong to say that the sword of Han Dynasty is less than two feet long. According to the comprehensive history of sword, the length of Gu Jian is generally more than one foot three inches to four feet, and the weight is two to three Jin, which is tailor-made for everyone and should be credible.

The sword was also loved by the official scholars, so it became a work of art. At first, it was carved and carved on the body of the sword, then the shape was beautified on the hilt, with ornaments attached, and then the scabbard was plated with gold and jade, each with its own ingenuity and merits.

Sword is a kind of short soldier, which is born out of spear-shaped stab soldiers and short daggers. It was originally before the Shang Dynasty, and its shape was extremely short, with only a short flat stem and no tube. The ancients used this sword to stab into the waist, which can be cut and stabbed to resist bandits and wild animals. By the Zhou Dynasty, especially during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it had become the main short weapon and was necessary for scholars. Even Feng Xuan and Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty, although they were too poor to eat, still took them with them. The famous ones are Ganjiang, Mo Xie, Longquan, Tai 'an, Chunjun, Zhan Lu, Yuchang and Suzaku. One of the Longquan swords in the Spring and Autumn Period is still hidden in the Forbidden City, and it is still very sharp, which proves that China has a long history in the manufacture and use of swords.

In the practice of sword, it is generally divided into "standing sword" and "walking sword". "Standing on the sword" generally refers to quick and agile movements, steady and sculptural movements at rest. On the other hand, "Sword Walk" seems to have relatively few pauses, and its movement is continuous, uniform and flexible. At the same time, the sword also has a knife with long nails and short nails, which is also called a nail robe. Its role is to confuse the enemy with dance, and it looks like a dragon and phoenix dance when practicing, with beautiful image. Especially the spike, dancing with the sword, is even more wonderful.

Sword practice requires the unity of body and sword, and the unity of sword and god. "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Green Water Pavilion IV" says: A sword is as sharp as a blade, and its handle is as light as an ape bird, that is, fencing. "The" handle "here is to lead the sword with your own body, which is the key to practicing the sword.

History of Han Dynasty, Literature and War: Thirty-eight articles on Kendo.

The fencing of the Han Dynasty has been fully prepared, and the depth of martial arts attainments is manifested in fencing fighting. Cao Pi's autobiography on Canon: "I learned fencing again, and I read many teachers' books. There are different methods in all directions, and only the capital is good. " Between Huan and Ling, there is a samurai whose skill is called Wang Yueshansi, which is called Shi Jing. Ayan used to learn from the history of Henan. Taste and Pinglu general Liu Xun, Wei Fen general Deng Zhan and other * * * drinks, Su Wenzhan is good at fighting and knows five soldiers, which means that he can enter the white blade empty-handed. Jade and jade talked about swords for a long time, saying that the general broke the law. Taste very well, superb skills, then ask for it. Wine warms the ears, so you can eat sugar cane, so I thought I would pay a few sticks in the next temple, laughing left and right. The exhibitions are uneven or even worse. I said my method was urgent and difficult to face, so it was my arms and ears. I am willing to make friends again, but I know I suddenly want to make friends. Because of falsehood, I am going deep, I am looking for the front, but I am a foot. , isolated, sitting in shock. I sat still and said with a smile, "Sunset sent Chunyu Post to his old place, and even taught him secret skills. Now I hope that General Deng will give up his old skills and focus on talents. " Sit down and play. "(The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei Wendy Ji, cited by Pei Song) This vivid record reflects the prosperity of superb fencing and sword fighting style at that time.

Yang Quan's On Things: "Ruan's work as a knife was influenced by the spirit of Jinjing. In July, Geng Xin met God at the gate of the metallurgical prison and made another pilgrimage to the west. The Golden God teaches harmony between fire and water, five fine chains, and combines rigidity and softness. In three years, he became a knife 1,770 times, with a blade on his back, a square lipstick head and a slight cut. 」

However, since the Tang Dynasty, the mentality of the literati was full of the theory that Taoist immortals were evil spirits, and the sword became a tool to suppress evil spirits. If it is a few feet of iron, cast in the shape of a sword, it will have supreme magic. So I hung a sword at home, which means good luck. I didn't learn fencing, but thought that the sword could defeat the enemy. Therefore, from the Tang Dynasty, one of the sword-shaped short soldiers was used by Buddhism and led astray.

Conscripts use more knives than swords, and more and more people wear swords, which obviously has considerable resistance to the development of fencing.

Sword dancing was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu described Gong Sundaniang's sword-dancing stunt like this: "Many years ago, there was a beautiful Gongsun who danced her dagger and attracted her from all directions. The audience is like a mountain lost between them, and the world moves back and forth with her movements.

If you shoot for nine days, you will be as fast as an angel before a dragon's wings; As clear as rivers and oceans. The sound of the sword and the light of the sword seem to be heard and seen, and the exquisite skills are presented in front of you.

Tang Shunzhi's "Wu Bian" in the Ming Dynasty said: "Song Taizong" selected hundreds of warriors from various armies and taught them to dance swords. All of them could throw their swords into the air and leap over their backs, which was wonderful. Hui Beirong left envoys to repair tribute and hosted a banquet in the temple. Because the swordsmen showed it, they showed their heads to take a bath, waving knives, jumping and throwing them, and frost fronts and snow blades were flying all over the sky. These superb skills have a great influence on the later development of fencing routines and performance skills, which are also seen in the martial arts routines we have practiced so far.

Jin Yong's "the legendary swordsman" in "The Sword of chongling" is an amazing stunt.

On the basis of the application of swordsmanship, various martial arts schools in Ming Dynasty created many precious swordsmanship. How to make good use of the words "Bian Zhuangzi's hard training method, Wang Juzhi's ascending and descending method, Liu's willing and responding method, his lightning method and Ma Qi's ascending and descending method" in the Law of Array? These swordsmanship provided useful materials for the development of later swordsmanship.

The swordsmanship moves mainly include chopping, chopping, collapsing, pulling, stopping, washing, cutting, stabbing, stirring, pressing, hanging, clouds and so on. It is characterized by combining rigidity with softness, easy to control, light and smart, and beautiful. As the boxing proverb says, "the sword is like a flying phoenix", from which its mystery can be seen.