Introduction to the fundamentals of quantitative genetics

According to the animal genetics course organized by Mr. Deng Xuemei of China Agricultural University (this part is lectured by Mr. Zhang Hao, Mucheng.com).

Roughly divided into three stages:

Theoretical system production stage, mainly using a combination of statistics and Mendelian genetics, represented by: Fisher,Wright, Lush, Falconer and so on.

Mainly:

Mark of production of theoretical system of quantitative genetics: 1960, publication of Falconer's introduction to quantitative genetics

Development and application of the theory and methodology of mixed-model systems of equations (introduced by computers), mainly used, represented by: Henderson, Robertson, Hill, etc.

Animal models most notably proposed:

Molecular quantitative genetics is born and combined with traditional quantitative genetics

Main elements:

Dominant effects may segregate and epistatic effects may recombine.

Additive effects can stabilize inheritance.

There are three most important genetic parameters: heritability, repeatability, and genetic correlation

Applications of repeatability:

1) Determine whether the estimate of heritability is correct, and whether it is the upper limit of heritability

2) Determine the number of times a measure is used

3) Estimate the lifetime probability that an individual will be born with the disease. > 3) Estimating the likely lifetime production capacity of an individual

Narrow sense of heritability is generally used

Application of heritability

1) Estimation of the breeding value

2) Development of a selection index when there is no correlation between traits

3) Prediction of the effect of selection

4) Determine selection methods and programs

Application of genetic correlation

1) Indirect selection

2) Develop a selection index when there is a genetic correlation between the traits

Calculate the probability that b:

two alleles at any locus are homozygous for the same allele

Steps in the study :

Example:

Application: Molecular markers and gene editing

Types of genetic markers are: SNP, InDel (insertion deletion), and resultant variant (SV).

First reported in Scinece in 2005

Process:

Limitations:

GWAS analysis:

Sufficiently large samples, genomic data, genealogy, phenotypes

Cattle:

In China, it was started in 2010. Beijing area to increase the level of cattle production

Pigs:

Chickens and sheep have also done a lot.

Chips in China (GS applications):