Question and answer in the mountains

Questions and Answers in Li Bai's The Mountain

I asked what I meant by living in the blue mountains, but I laughed without answering my heart.

Peach blossoms are opening, and it is another world.

Translation and annotation

Someone asked me why I live in the blue mountains, but I just laughed and didn't answer, but my heart was at ease. Peach blossoms on the mountain flow away with the running water. Here, like a unique peach blossom garden in the world, it is unmatched by the world of mortals.

1, in: me.

2. Habitat: Living.

3. Bishan: In Anlu County, Hubei Province, Taohuayan at the foot of the mountain is where Li Bai studied.

4, leisure: Enron, calm.

5.(yǐ o) Ran: A far-reaching look.

6. don't: in addition.

7. Inhumanity: Inhumanity refers to the poet's seclusion.

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This is a seven-character quatrain. In the first couplet of this poem, I asked Yu what it means to live in the blue mountains. I laughed but didn't answer my heart. The first sentence was abrupt and the second sentence was vague. The title of this poem is "Vultures in the Mountains", so the subject of the question is the so-called laity; Yu, the poet refers to himself; What do you mean? What do you mean? Bishan refers to Qingshan. Pick up poems in the form of questions, highlight the theme and attract readers' attention. When people were about to listen to the answer, the poet's pen was deliberately flashing and laughing without answering. Laughter is worth pondering. It not only shows the poet's cheerful and implicit demeanor, but also creates a relaxed and happy atmosphere. More importantly, this unanswered smile is somewhat mysterious, causing suspense and arousing readers' interest in thinking. The word "carefree heart" not only reflects the mood of living in the mountains, but also explains why we should live in the blue mountains. For poets, it is neither new nor confusing. That's just a carefree state of mind, and beauty is hard to tell you. The second sentence is confusing, and the coup is not answered, which adds twists and turns, swaying and fascinating charm to the poem.

The second couplet, peach blossoms and flowing water, is gone, and there is no world. This is the answer to writing about the scenery of Bishan, which is actually the answer to why it means living in Bishan. This kind of structure, which has no answer, seems to be broken and connected, deepens the charm of the poem. Although this poem describes the scenery of flowers passing by, it has no melancholy mood, but exaggerates and praises it as charming beauty. The expression of smiling without answering and the discussion at the end of the sentence all reveal this feeling. Mountain flowers are as beautiful as embroidered cheeks, and peach blossoms are as beautiful as running water. According to the laws of nature, Rong Sheng presents different beauty and disappears, but this different beauty has a * * * similarity, that is, the word nature. This aesthetic view reflects the poet's love for freedom and innocence. Bishan, a desolate environment without fame and fortune, is full of natural and peaceful beauty, which is incomparable to human beings. The poet didn't say what the world was like. As long as readers understand the dark reality and Li Bai's unfortunate experience at that time, it is not difficult for poets to understand Qi Bishan and Ai Bishan. This is different from the world, which implies a lot of harm and hatred in the poet's heart. Therefore, this poem is not entirely Li Bai's carefree mood beyond reality. The use of the word "leisure" in the poem implies the beauty of green hills, which is in sharp contrast with the world. So poetry has a harmonious flavor in style, but it is not detached. Cynicism, optimism and romanticism can often be wonderfully unified in his works.

Although there are only four sentences in the whole poem, there are questions and answers, descriptions and discussions, which are lively and fluent. The pen is virtual and real, and the description of the real place is very vivid. The pen in the virtual place stops at touching, and the contrast between reality and reality is profound. Li Dongyang once said in the Ming Dynasty: Poetry is expensive, meaning is far from expensive, and light is not expensive; It is easy to know if you are near, but it is difficult to know if you are far away. For example, when the peach blossoms in Li Taibai bloom, there is no distinction between heaven and earth, but they are all light and thick. The closer you get, the farther you can talk to the knower, and the harder it is to talk to the layman. This passage is very enlightening for readers to understand this poem. Poetry is balanced in rhyme and adopts an ancient and unique informal metrical form, which is simple and natural, leisurely and soothing, and is more helpful to convey the rhyme of poetry. In the mountains.

Wang Boshan Zhong/

The sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, and Wan Li's thoughts will return.

The night is high and windy, and the mountains fly.

Translation and annotation

The Yangtze River seems to have stopped, and it is constantly sad for me.

People who travel far in Wan Li are eager to come back soon.

What's more, the autumn wind is cold and the dusk is gloomy.

What is even more unbearable is that the mountains are heavy and yellow leaves are flying all over the sky.

1, hysteresis (zh): long stay. Speaking of stagnation, there is no cycle.

2. Wan Li: Describe the length of the return trip. Thinking about going home: I have a desire to go home, but I can't.

3. The situation is: Stop it. Genus: just right. Gale: The wind blowing from the mountain. When it comes to autumn wind, it refers to the season when strong winds send autumn.

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This is a poem about traveling homesickness, which may have been written by Wang Bo when he went to Bashu after he was dismissed from his post.

The first half of this poem is a couplet. Taking Wan Li as the Yangtze River, the poet described the situation of returning home from a foreign land from a geographical concept. The right to return has been delayed, starting with the concept of time and the situation of long-term delay and homesickness. The words "sadness" and "nostalgia" in the two sentences are used to point out the feelings and wishes arising from the above situation. In the second half of the poem, the scene is embellished, and the late autumn scenery with yellow leaves dancing in front of you further highlights this sad and nostalgic mood.

In the first sentence, the sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, which may be literally understood as lamenting the long-term detention on the Yangtze River. There are some sentences that can be verified, such as wandering in the poem A Farewell to A Farewell, and the foggy cage on the river in the fourth poem The Other Four, so why stay long? However, if read in combination with the following sentence by Wan Li, the poet may still think of the Wan Li of the Yangtze River thousands of miles away, which is far away and causes the sadness of traveling. The title of this poem is "In the Mountains", or it may be the poet's excitement when he saw the Yangtze River on the mountain, and his sadness when he stayed for a long time and compared with the river flowing eastward day and night. Similar to this poem, there is a famous sentence in Du Fu's poem "Chengdu Fu": The river flows day and night, and the guest is sad. Here, the relationship between the Yangtze River and its stagnation, as well as the relationship between the Yangtze River and the wanderer and the guest center, poets themselves can have various associations, and readers can also have various associations. Within a certain range, understanding can vary from person to person, that is, the so-called poem can't achieve its goal.

The second sentence, Wan Li's longing for return, seems to come from Song Yu's Nine Arguments, and the nine arguments will be returned. There are at least two different explanations: one is the person who will come back after saying goodbye; One is to bid farewell to the old times. As for the farewell in this poem, if we look at the other farewell poems in Farewell, Four Other Poems and Wang Zi Safe Collection mentioned earlier, we can adopt the former explanation. If you look at the second half of this poem, you can also take the latter explanation. But considering the pronunciation of this sentence, it is better to interpret it as homesickness, that is to say, the homecoming of this sentence, like the stagnation of the previous sentence, depends on people who are far away from home, that is, the poet himself. However, there is another saying that it seems reasonable to regard the stagnation of the previous sentence as the sorrow of living in a foreign land and to regard the stagnation of this sentence as the yearning for family members thousands of miles away. This is another example that poetry cannot express itself.

Three or four sentences belong to the situation that yellow leaves fly in windy mountains and mountains. The real scene seen by the poet in the mountains also contains the artistic conception from the two sentences of "Nine Debates", which is sad for autumn and bleak for vegetation. As far as the whole poem is concerned, the scenery written in these two sentences plays a role in setting off the feelings written in one or two sentences, and there are elements that use the scenery to express feelings. Here, the bleak autumn wind and falling yellow leaves are not only used to contrast homesickness, but also used to describe the poet's bleak mood and wandering situation. Of course, this analogy has a distance. At the same time, at the end of the article, sentences describing mountains and rivers and yellow are arranged, taking scenery as the text. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Shen Yi floating in Yuefu Finger Fan said: Every sentence should be put out, with endless meanings and the best scene. The conclusion of this poem is profound and intriguing.

Poetry is often a combination of lyricism and scenery writing in art, interwoven into articles. Xie Zhen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Four Things: Poetry focuses on emotion and scenery. Scene is the medium of poetry, and emotion is the embryo of poetry, which is combined into poetry. The first half of this poem is lyrical, and the second half is landscape. However, the scenery that the poet saw in the mountains and by the river, where the wind sent autumn and the yellow leaves danced, was a catalyst for the sadness and homesickness of long-distance visitors. And when he climbs the mountain near the water, he wants to see things with me, and when he writes his thoughts, he wants to write the scenery with love. So the scenery written in the second half must be the embryo of the first half of the relationship. Emotion and scenery in poetry interact, penetrate each other and blend into one. The long-lost homesickness in the first half of the song is enriched by the touch of the late autumn scenery; In the second half of the song, the wind blows away the leaves, which also strengthens its appeal because of the injection of homesickness.

Wang Bo also has a poem "Ji Chun": The guest's heart is tired for thousands of miles, and the spring affair returns once. I also hurt the North Garden and saw the fallen flowers flying. The rhyme of the poem is exactly the same as in the mountains, and it also expresses wandering thoughts, except that one is written in late spring and the other in late autumn. The scenery used to set off feelings is different from Huang's. Reading two poems is helpful to further understand the poet's feelings and understand the application and change of poetry pen.

Say goodbye in the mountains

Seeing Wang Wei off in the mountains

My friend, I watched you go down the mountain,

Until now, in the dark, I closed the thatched door.

The grass turns green again in spring,

But my friend prince, will you? ?

Translation and annotation

After seeing you off on the mountain,

As the sun sets, I close Chai Fei.

When the spring grass turns green again next year,

Can you come back?

1, shielding: off.

2. Chai Fei: Chai Men.

3. Wang Sun: the descendant of a noble, here refers to the friend who sent him away.

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This poem "Farewell in the Mountain" did not write a farewell scene from the pavilion, but was ingenious and chose a completely different point from ordinary farewell poems.

My friend, I have watched you go down the mountain. The first sentence of the poem tells the reader at the beginning that the farewell ceremony is over, and the farewell scene and mood are swept away by a seemingly unemotional word "don't". Here, from farewell to sending away, we skipped for a while. The second sentence, driving pedestrians away from the daytime, says that until now, in the dark, I immediately closed the door of the thatched cottage, but it skipped for a longer time. What are the feelings and thoughts of the people who saw me off during this time? When the poet connected his life with poetry, he cut it all out as a dark field.

Anyone who has experienced parting knows that the moment when pedestrians are about to leave is really depressing, but a sense of loneliness and disappointment often becomes more and more intense in the evening after parting. There must be a lot to write in this most difficult moment of parting and sorrow; However, the poem only wrote a move to hide from Chai Fei. This is a very common thing that mountain people do at dusk every day, and it seems to have nothing to do with the farewell during the day. The poet links these two unrelated things together, so that the repeated actions every day show different meanings from the past, thus expressing feelings between the lines and seeing sadness between the lines. Readers will see the lonely expression and melancholy mood of the people in the poem; At the same time, I will also think: Night falls after sunset. After the closure of Chai Men, how will this long night be spent? The blank left outside this sentence makes people daydream infinitely.

In three or four sentences of this poem, the grass turns green again in spring, but ah, my friend's prince, what about you? , from the poem "Chu Ci Recruits a Hermit", Wang Sun wanderers don't return, and the spring grass is long and long. Fu lamented that the wanderer had been gone for a long time, and these two poems would never come back when they broke up with pedestrians. Tang Ruxun summed up the contents of this poem in Interpretation of Tang Poetry as follows: the title of the poem is hidden in the dusk, and people are far away from Philip Burkart; Sometimes the grass is green and it is difficult for pedestrians to return. And it is difficult to return, which is one of the reasons for leaving thinking deeply. Going back or not, as a question, should have been put forward to pedestrians when they left, but here they let pedestrians go, and when they closed at dusk, they floated to people's hearts, which became a suspense that no one cared about. This is not the usual farewell speech, but the heartfelt expression after the farewell, indicating that the people in the poem are still shrouded in parting until dusk. Although I just broke up, I am looking forward to coming back soon, but I am afraid that I will not come back for a long time. As I said before, it took two periods from farewell to farewell and from farewell to covering Chai Fei. Here, I bid farewell to the evening of Sunday, think of the spring grass in the coming year, and ask if I will come back then. This is another jump from now to the future, and the jump time is longer.

This farewell poem is not a farewell to pavilions, but a step further, writing the hope of reunion after parting. This is beyond the general farewell poem. The first farewell scene is to hide and put pen to paper, and then the feeling of going home after farewell is getting stronger and stronger, paving the way for the meaning of expecting it to come again. So I thought that the spring grass was green again, but it was difficult to return to people. The feeling of parting is beyond words. Heart inside, taste outside, really ingenious, superior.

Wang Wei is good at extracting seemingly ordinary materials from life and expressing deep and sincere feelings in simple and natural language, which is often fascinating. This poem "Farewell in the Mountains" goes like this. Summer in the mountains

Li Bai's Summer Mountain

Lazily shaking a white feather fan to get rid of the heat, naked in the forest.

Take off the headscarf and hang it on the rock wall, leaving the cool breeze between the pines and the pines overhead.

Translation and annotation

Too lazy to shake the white feather fan to cool off the heat, stay naked in the green forest.

Take off the headscarf and hang it on the stone wall, so that the cool wind among the pine trees can blow over your head.

1, nudity: refers to the poet taking off his headscarf in the green forest in an informal form.

2. Green forest: refers to the lush trees in the mountains, which cover the sky and cover the sun.

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Summer and mountains are the key to understanding this little poem. Because it is summer, there are white feather fans; Because it is in the mountains, I am too lazy to shake it with a fan.

There are only four sentences in the poem, which describes a small scene, but shows the summer in the mountains and the summer in the mountains to the readers in a true and appropriate way. The summer breeze blew, the pine leaves rustled in the mountains, and the poet took off his turban and hung it on the stone wall in the mountains. How cool and pleasant the weather is. The whole poem writes the author's broad-minded and natural image, with Wei and Jin demeanor.