Color composition characteristics

The interaction of colors is the process of color interaction and the re-creation of new color effects. Color composition is based on people's perception and psychological effects of color. Through scientific analysis, complex color phenomena are reduced to basic elements, and the relationship between components is combined according to certain laws by using the variability of color in space, quality and quantity. It is one of the basic theories of art design, which is closely related to plane composition and three-dimensional composition.

principle

Color stereo is a three-dimensional model similar to a sphere based on the relationship between hue, lightness and purity of color, with the help of three-dimensional space and the method of rectangular coordinates circling. Its structure is similar to the shape of a globe. The North Pole is white and the South Pole is black. The axis connecting the north pole and the south pole through the center is the brightness axis. The northern hemisphere is bright and the southern hemisphere is dark. The position of the color phase ring is on the equatorial line, and the thick straight line from one point of the sphere to the central axis indicates the purity series standard. The closer to the center, the lower the purity, and the center of the sphere is positive gray.

classify

There are many kinds of color fixing, mainly including American Munsell color fixing, German ostwald color fixing, Japanese color grinding color fixing and so on.

Color contrast

picture contrast

After more than two kinds of color matching, the color contrast effect caused by hue difference is called hue contrast. It is a basic aspect of color contrast, and its contrast intensity depends on the distance (angle) between hues on the color ring. The smaller the distance (angle), the weaker the contrast and the stronger the contrast.

1 .0 degree contrast

(1) achromatic color comparison

Although achromatic color contrast is colorless, their combination is very valuable in practice. Such as black and white, black gray, medium gray, light gray, or black and white gray, dark black gray, light gray. The contrast effect feels generous, solemn, elegant and modern, but it is also easy to feel too simple and monotonous.

(2) achromatic color and color contrast.

Such as black and red, gray and purple, or black and white and yellow, white and gray and blue. The contrast effect feels generous and lively. When the area of achromatic color is large, it tends to be elegant and solemn; when the area of color is large, the sense of liveliness is strengthened.

(3) Contrast of the same hue

The contrast of different lightness or purity of a tone is often called sister color combination. Such as blue and light blue (blue+white), orange and brown (orange+gray) or green and pinkish green (green+white) and dark green (green+black). The contrast effect feels unified, quiet, elegant, implicit and steady, but it is also prone to monotonous and inflexible disadvantages.

(4) Compared with the same color, achromatic color

Such as white, dark blue, light blue, black, orange and brown. Its effect combines the advantages of types (2) and (3). On a certain level, I feel generous, lively and steady.

Harmony and contrast

(1) adjacent tone contrast

Two or three adjacent colors on the color circle have a hue distance of about 30 degrees, which belongs to weak contrast type. For example, the contrast between red, orange, yellow and orange. The effect feels soft, harmonious, elegant and quiet, but it also feels monotonous, fuzzy, boring and powerless. It is necessary to adjust the brightness difference to enhance the effect.

(2) Similar tone contrast

The hue contrast distance is about 60 degrees, which belongs to weak contrast type, such as red and yellow-orange contrast. The effect is rich and lively, but it does not lose the feeling of unity, elegance and harmony.

(3) Contrast of medium tones

The hue contrast distance is about 90 degrees, which belongs to the medium contrast type, such as yellow-green contrast. The effect is bright, lively, full, exciting and interesting. The contrast is quite strong, but there is no loss of harmony.

3. Strong contrast

(1) complementary color contrast

The hue contrast distance is about 120 degrees, which belongs to strong contrast type, such as yellow-green, red-purple contrast. The effect is strong, eye-catching, powerful, lively and rich, but it is not easy to be unified and messy, stimulating and causing visual fatigue. Generally, various reconciliation methods are needed to improve the contrast effect.

(2) Contrast tone contrast

The hue contrast distance 180 degrees belongs to extreme contrast types, such as red and blue-green, yellow and blue-purple. The effect is strong, dazzling, loud and powerful, but if it is not handled properly, it is easy to produce childish, primitive, vulgar, unstable and uncoordinated feelings.

Brightness contrast

After two or more hues are combined, the color contrast effect caused by different lightness is called lightness contrast. It is an important aspect of color contrast, and it is also the key to determine whether the color matching feeling is bright, clear, dull, soft, strong and hazy.

Its contrast depends on the chromaticity series of the color in lightness. Generally, 1-3 is classified as low brightness area, 8- 10 is high brightness area, and 4-7 is medium brightness area. (Figure) When selecting colors for combination, when the interval between the primary color and the contrast color is greater than 5 levels, it is called long (strong) contrast, 3-5 levels are called medium contrast, and 1-2 levels are called short (weak) contrast. Accordingly, it can be divided into nine basic types of lightness contrast:

(1) long key, such as 10: 8: 1 etc. , where 10 is a large area of light primary color, 8 is a large area of light color matching, and 1 is a small area of deep contrast color. Tone contrast between light and dark, feeling exciting, bright, positive, lively and strong.

(2) High school keys, such as 10: 8: 5, have moderate contrast between light and shade, and feel bright, pleasant, clear, vivid and stable.

(3) High and low key, such as 10: 8: 7, the contrast between light and shade is weak, the image is vague, and it feels elegant, light, soft, noble, weak, hazy and feminine.

(4) Medium-long tune, such as 4: 6: 10 or 7: 6: 1 etc. , with medium brightness color as the main color, with light or dark color, it feels strong, steady, vivid and masculine.

(5) The middle key, such as 4: 6: 8 or 7: 6: 3, is in sharp contrast and rich in feeling.

(6) Medium and short tones, such as 4: 5: 6. , is a weak contrast of medium brightness, feeling subtle, dull and fuzzy.

(7) Low and long tones such as 1: 3: 10, etc. In contrast, it is dark and strong, and it feels dignified, deep, alert and explosive.

(8) Low alto, such as 1: 3: 6, etc. This color tone is dark and moderate in comparison, and it feels conservative, heavy, simple and masculine.

(9) Low and short tones, such as 1: 3: 4, appear dark and weak in contrast, and feel dull, melancholy, mysterious, lonely and scary.

In addition, there is the longest song 1: 10, which has the strongest contrast and strong feeling, simple, blunt, sharp and dazzling.

Purity comparison

After two or more kinds of color matching, the color contrast effect caused by different purity is called purity contrast. It is another important aspect of color contrast, but it is easily overlooked because of its concealment and immanence. In color design, purity contrast is the key to determine whether the color tone feels gorgeous, elegant, simple, vulgar and subtle.

The intensity of its contrast depends on the distance between colors on the color scale such as purity. The longer the distance, the stronger the contrast, and vice versa.

If the gray to pure bright color is divided into 10 arithmetic progression, 1-3 is usually divided into low purity areas, 8- 10 is divided into high purity areas, and 4-7 is divided into medium purity areas (as shown in the figure). When choosing hue, when the distance between the primary color and the contrast color is above 5 levels, it is called strong contrast; Grade 3-5 is called medium contrast; 1-2 is called weak contrast. According to this, nine basic types of purity comparison can be divided.

(1) fresh emphasis, such as 10: 8: 1, feels bright, vivid, lively, gorgeous and strong.

(2) A fresh midrange such as 10: 8: 5 is more exciting and vivid.

(3) Fresh and elegant colors, such as 10: 8: 7, are harsh, tacky, naive, primitive and hot because of their high color purity. If the distance between them is large, this effect will be more obvious and intense.

(4) It is appropriate and popular to emphasize such as 4: 6: 10 or 7: 5: 1.

(5) If the middle key is 4: 6: 8 or 7: 6: 3, it feels gentle, static and comfortable.

(6) Moderately weak sounds such as 4: 5: 6. I feel dull, vague and monotonous.

(7) Gray emphasis, such as 1: 3: 10, feels generous, elegant and lively.

(8) The hue in gray is as high as 1: 3: 6, which makes them feel mutual, calm and generous.

(9) The gray tone is weak, such as 1: 3: 4, and it feels elegant, delicate, attractive, subtle, hazy and powerless.

In addition, there is the weakest achromatic color contrast, such as white: black, dark gray: light gray and so on. Because the purity of each color is zero, it feels generous, solemn, elegant and simple.