Construction of System Operation Mechanism [Definition and Construction of Enterprise Operation Mechanism]

Operation mechanism is the main mechanism in the process of enterprise management. Let me discuss the definition and construction of enterprise operation mechanism.

The definition of enterprise operation mechanism should consider the following three points:

First, the carrier of enterprise operation mechanism should be structural, that is, the way in which the elements involved in business activities are interrelated within the enterprise.

Second, the core of enterprise operation mechanism should be movement, which is a process in which various elements in a certain structure influence and interact with each other.

Thirdly, the performance of enterprise operation mechanism should be functional, or a function, that is, a specific result formed by the interaction and influence of various elements in a specific structure.

Accordingly, we define the operating mechanism of an enterprise as: the specific functions generated by the interaction of various elements involved in the business activities of an enterprise in a specific combination.

Definition of the connotation of enterprise operation mechanism

As an enterprise is a multi-functional complex organism, the contents of its operating mechanism are various, and different research angles will have different expressions on the contents of its operating mechanism. For example, from the perspective of system theory, an enterprise is a system that continuously inputs various factors to produce goods (including knowledge). The operation of this system needs input mechanism, conversion mechanism, adjustment mechanism, output mechanism and feedback mechanism. For another example, from the perspective of resource allocation efficiency, the mechanisms of asset transfer, labor mobility and enterprise bankruptcy and merger will become the basic contents.

To build a new enterprise operation mechanism to build a new enterprise operation mechanism under the market economy system is to restore the true nature of the enterprise on the basis of reflecting on the enterprise operation mechanism under the traditional planned system, so that the enterprise can realize the organic unity of rights, responsibilities and interests, the organic combination of people, goods and materials, and the organic connection of production, supply and sales, and become the market operation subject of independent operation, self-financing, self-restraint and self-development. This is the essence of market economy.

First, the administrative drive: the operating mechanism of enterprises under the traditional system

Under the traditional system, the overall feature of enterprise operation mechanism is administrative drive, that is, all activities of enterprises are initiated by national administrative instructions without exception, and enterprises themselves have become veritable administrative units. This kind of enterprise operation mechanism mainly has the following characteristics:

(1) The decision-making mechanism is highly centralized. From the allocation of resources, the evaluation and disposal of assets, the arrangement of personnel, the production and pricing of products, to the distribution of income, all decisions are made by the relevant state administrative organs in the form of administrative instructions or planning instructions, and there is a strict hierarchical and administrative subordination relationship between decision makers (countries) and decision makers (enterprises). The goal of enterprise behavior is only to implement the planned indicators issued by the state, and it lacks basic subjective consciousness and character, so that it is impossible to choose its own behavior independently according to economic laws.

(2) In terms of incentive mechanism, it has the administrative nature of interest incentive. The national interest is paramount. Although enterprises, families and individuals also have their own independent interests, because they are not independent interest subjects, their independent interests are manifested in various distorted forms, which are embodied in the pursuit of non-monetary administrative interests, such as the promotion of administrative levels or administrative positions. The reason for this is that, on the one hand, higher-level enterprises can get more generous capital and other inputs, while higher-level leaders can get better working environment and welfare. On the other hand, the transmission of exogenous incentive mechanism encourages the pursuit of administrative interests. The state's encouragement to enterprises is mainly spiritual encouragement, which is not endogenous, but transmitted from top to bottom through the sense of responsibility, obligation and honor, but the interest drive within enterprises has been annihilated and suppressed.

(3) In terms of restraint mechanism, it is relatively weak. The boundary of enterprise property rights is vague, and there is no clear boundary of enterprise assets. Everyone owns it? Is it finished? Everyone is irresponsible? Therefore, no one is responsible for maintaining and increasing the value of enterprise assets, and the waste and loss of enterprise assets have become a chronic disease of enterprises, and property rights constraints exist in name only. In addition, enterprises have no risk of bankruptcy and do not need to harden budget constraints. Overexpenditure and losses can be compensated by the state. Therefore, the risk constraints and budget constraints of enterprises are also quite weak.

(4) In the development mechanism, it is atrophic. The motive force of enterprise development comes from internal profit impulse and external market pressure, but under the traditional system, enterprises have neither profit impulse nor external pressure. In order to achieve the planned goal, enterprises often simply pursue the improvement of total output value, which is often achieved by competing for raw materials, equipment, funds and extensive management, and rarely consider realizing the benign development of enterprises through self-accumulation. At the same time, enterprises are not the main investors, and the leaders of enterprises are appointed by superiors, so the market is underdeveloped, which makes the development and innovation motivation of enterprises not stimulated as they should, and even tends to be anti-development and anti-innovation. If the enterprise? Go your own way? , will lead to a departure from the existing administrative rules, will be regarded as disobedience to superiors, and the upgrading of enterprises and their leaders will be very troublesome. Even if the innovation is successful, it will be followed by layers of overweight planning indicators, and the enterprise has no innovation income. It can be seen that the cost of enterprise development and innovation is quite high. Why not seek development? Stick to the rules? 、? Follow the rules? It's safer to come.

In essence, the operating mechanism of enterprises under the traditional system is not the objective requirement of the development of productive forces, but the subjective political action of the country, so the mechanism cannot but contain profound contradictions. These contradictions have been discussed in the fourth chapter, so I won't repeat them here. Since the reform, the dual management mechanism of enterprises has gradually formed. As the micro-foundation of the old system, enterprises can't adapt to the operating rules of the market economy and still rely heavily on administrative organs. Don't go to the market to find the mayor? Or the behavior of all enterprises. A serious consequence of the administrative operation mechanism of enterprises is that enterprises lose their vitality and their assets are inefficient or invalid. Therefore, it has become an urgent task to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional planning system and reshape the operating mechanism of enterprises according to the laws of market economy.

Second, interest-driven: the reconstruction of the operating mechanism of new enterprises respects the interest pursuit of economic actors, which is the inherent requirement of market economy, and the reconstruction of the operating mechanism of enterprises should be based on this. It has been pointed out that the restructuring of enterprise management mechanism according to the new system of socialist market economy can be divided into four mechanisms: decision-making, encouragement, restraint and development. According to our research, the principles of mechanism operation generally include the subject, object, mode and result of mechanism operation. Therefore, the reconstruction of the four mechanisms should start from these aspects.

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