Layout and composition of traditional calligraphy

China's traditional calligraphy is simply the art of writing Chinese characters. The following is the layout and composition of traditional calligraphy that I arranged for you. Welcome to refer to ~

First, there are rows and columns:

This kind of composition is relative in both vertical (row) and horizontal (column), and it is easy to arrange troops. This form of composition has existed in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it was also arranged in Ji Guo, Bai Zi and Pan Ming in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and was later used in stone tablets. This composition is conducive to the standardization of the whole, but the disadvantage is that it is easy to be flexible. Therefore, we should pay attention to the expression echo between words, posture pitch (qi) and pen connection, so that the whole article is divided and combined.

Second, there are lines without columns:

This kind of composition can make writing on a line freely, regardless of whether the horizontal (column) is relative or not, but it can still be clear as a whole because of maintaining the line spacing, which can be said to be a perfect combination of neatness and randomness, so this kind of composition is also the most common in practice. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script all use it. This column-free line is particularly important for the expression of qi. Especially in cursive script, because of the dynamic enhancement of characters, characters often have irregular position and shape changes, such as left and right, height, size and so on. In order not to affect the consistency within a line or between lines, we must pay attention to the central axis of a line, so that the changes of words can not be separated from it, from front to left and back to right, from top to bottom; The second is to control the order of strokes and the struggle between lines and strokes, so that strokes can be connected first.

Third, there are no rows and columns:

Famous aphorisms, plaques or banners with more words are generally written in a single line, and the direction is generally from right to left (as are other rules and regulations).

Fourth, there are no ranks:

This kind of composition is more common in the big grass or the wild school of calligraphy. Actually, there are lines. Due to the emphasis on emotional catharsis and the indulgence of line insertion, the strict distinction between lines disappears, and the whole work constitutes a line stream without lines and columns. The works of Huai Suo in Tang Dynasty, Xu Wei and Zhan Jingfeng in Ming Dynasty are the most common.

The fifth is the unique word type:

This is the unique style of China's calligraphy. The word "pass vice" is often used as a motto or an inscription, or as an appreciation of a book. There are no more words in the unique glyphs as mutual remedies (only a few words such as inscriptions, even if there are many words, they are only small words), so to make a word into a work, in addition to the words themselves, the coordination of fonts and paper types is very important, and the position and form of inscriptions can naturally not be relaxed.

Sixth, couplet style:

Couplets, also known as couplets, originated from Mencius, a famous scholar in Shu after the Five Dynasties.

The inscription "Happy New Year, Happy New Year, Changchun" was sung on half of the peach symbol at the door of the dormitory. In the Song Dynasty, this form extended to playing bamboo. Literally speaking, there is no limit to the number of words, but the left and right banners must be consistent in composition and system. It is also a traditional calligraphy style.

In the above six main forms of composition, there is another problem that must be discussed, that is, word spacing and line spacing. Generally speaking, there are four basic situations according to needs. First, line spacing is wider than word spacing; Second, narrow line spacing and word spacing; Third, line spacing is equal to word spacing; The fourth is that there is no line spacing.

The six forms of composition are the essence of composition, and there are many external forms according to different purposes, such as strips, screens, fans, long scrolls, banners, nave and so on. In fact, the internal shape has not changed, but when writing, it needs to be combined with the shape of the specific writing area, such as square fan-shaped strips, or even irregular shapes.

Another problem related to composition is signature and clock printing. Inscriptions depend on different forms of works. It is mainly to echo the text and assist the text to make the composition of the work more complete. In ancient times, it was impossible to take the guest as the master, and the style was strong and weak. If the writing is relatively complete, you can't force to write a lot of money, just one. The fonts and characters used in writing should also be coordinated. Generally, it is more appropriate to write in block letters and running scripts. For example, the characters are seal script and official script, and seal script and official script can also be used, but other characters should not be abused to avoid disharmony and hinder the clarity of the characters. If you write a book for the purpose of identifying textual research or other explanations and feelings, you don't have to write it in the form of "* * book", you can write "* * knowledge", * * record ",* * topic" and * * dial ",or you can just write your name. If you have a sense of respect or the younger generation respects the older generation, you can use "* *" and "* *".

There are two main types of calligraphy seals: masterpiece seals and leisure seals. The leisure chapter has an introductory chapter, and the position of the corner pressing chapter is relatively fixed. Leisure chapters are used to fill gaps according to the needs of works, and their positions are relatively free, but they are rarely printed in the text except for the nature of collection.

A calligraphy work mostly includes three aspects: text, inscription and seal. The text is the main content to be written and the main body of the work. Articles, poems, aphorisms, etc. All are healthy and uplifting, and auspicious and peaceful words can be used as the content of calligraphy works. The title is the explanatory text outside the text. Including the theme of the text, the time and place of going out and writing, the author's name, font size, fasting number, the title and name of the given object, etc. Not every work has to write these contents. The content of the inscription depends on the specific needs of the work. Part of the inscription is written in front of the text, which is called the front paragraph; Some are written at the back of the text, which is called the next paragraph. The name and address of a given object should be written in front of the text to show respect.

The seal stamped in calligraphy works can be divided into name seal and idle seal according to its content. From the position of coverage, there are the first chapter and the foot chapter. The first chapter stamped on the work is called the first chapter, and the chapters stamped on the text and the next paragraph are called footprints. Seals mainly play an ornament role in calligraphy works, so it is not advisable to have too many seals in a work, usually one or three. Characters, inscriptions and seals are three organic parts of a work. When creating, we must make overall arrangements to make the three constitute a perfect and harmonious whole.