China's most exported agricultural products

Garlic (Latin name: Allium sativum L., English name: Garlic), the underground bulb of plants of the genus Allium in the family Liliaceae, is native to West and Central Asia.

The whole garlic plant has a strong pungent garlic odor, is a food and medicine plants. It is a shallow-rooted crops, no main root including the leaf body and leaf sheath, leaf sheath tubular. Leaves are folded before exhibition, flattened and narrow after exhibition, with parallel veins; leaves are alternate, 1/2 leaf sequence, arranged symmetrically. The leaf sheaths are interlocked to form a pseudostem, which has the function of support and nutrient transportation.

Perennial herb

Roots: Shallow-rooted crop, no main root. The rooting part is around the shortened stem, the outer side is the most, the inner side is less. The longest root can reach more than 50cm, but the main root group distribution in the 5-25cm soil layer, spreading range of 30cm. 70-110 root number of adult plants.

Stem: Bulb is large, with 6-10 petals, covered with grayish white or lilac in membranous tunic. Leaves basal, solid, flattened, linear-lanceolate, about 2.5 cm wide, base sheathing. Flowering stem erect, ca. 60 cm tall.

Leaves: include leaf body and leaf sheath. Leaf sheaths are tubular, folded before the leaf growth is exhibited, flattened and narrow when exhibited, with parallel veins. Leaves alternate, 1/2 leaf sequence, arranged symmetrically. The leaf sheaths are interlocked to form a pseudostem, which functions as support and nutrient transportation.

Flowers, seeds: spathe with a long beak, 7-10 cm long Umbels, small and dense, with bracts 1-3, lamellae 8-10 cm long, membranous, light green Flowers small-shaped, interspersed with reddish bead-buds, 4 mm long, or completely devoid of bead-buds; petiole fine, longer than the flowers; perianth 6, pink, elliptic-lanceolate; stamens 6, white, anthers prominent; pistil 1, style prominent, white, ovary superior, long and long. white, ovary superior, long elliptic-ovate, apex concave, 3-loculed. Capsule, 1-loculed dehiscent. Seeds black. Fl. summer.

Main varieties

These are divided into market garlic and cold storage garlic according to storage; the main cultivars are: Shandong Cangshan Garlic Variety Group, Jilin Baima Buds, Shandong Chengwu Garlic, Shandong Jinxiang White Garlic, Jiangsu Taicang White Garlic, Shaanxi Caijipo Purple-skinned Garlic, Hei Longjiang Acheng Garlic, Sichuan Ershui Early, Yunnan Red/White Seven-Star, and Tianjin Baodi Six-Petal Red.

Hardneck garlic includes 3 different varieties: Rocambole, Purple Stripe and Porcelain

Growth habit

1, Temperature: prefer cold, cool, suitable for temperatures between -5-26 ℃. Garlic seedlings 4-5 leaf period of the strongest cold tolerance, when the most suitable overwintering seedling ridge.

2, light: the completion of the spring flowers of garlic in more than 13 hours of long sunshine and higher temperature conditions to start the differentiation of flower buds and bulbous buds, in the short sunshine and cool environment, only suitable for stem and leaf growth.

3, moisture: like wet and afraid of drought.

4, soil and nutrition: the soil requirements are not strict, but rich in organic matter, loose air, water retention and drainage performance of fertile loam is more suitable.

The main places of origin of garlic in China: China's garlic township - Jinxiang County, Jining City, Shandong Province; Caohe Township, Yanzhou, Jining; Lancing County, Linyi; Laiwu City; Shanghe County, Jinan; Guangrao County, Dongying; Chiping County, Liaocheng City; Chengwu County, Heze; Anqiu, Weifang City; and 50,000-hectare garlic demonstration area in Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province, Feng County, Sheyang County, Taicang City, Hebei Yongnian County, northern Daming County, Rendong Town, Yulin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shenqiu County, Henan Province, Fengying Township, Zhongmou County, He Bingma Village and Kaifeng East and other counties and districts, which to Qixian County area is more extensive, the southeast of most of the district of xiangfu and the northern part of the county area of Tongxu is also a garlic-producing areas, Jiading, Shanghai, Bozhou City, Anhui Province, Lai'an County, Sichuan Province, Pengzhou City, Dali, Yunnan Province, Shaanxi Province, Xingping City and Xinjiang. Xingping City and Xinjiang and other places.

It originated in West Asia and Central Asia, since the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions, to bring garlic back to the country to settle down, so far there has been more than two thousand years of history. Garlic is an indispensable seasoning in human daily life, in the cooking of fish, meat, poultry and vegetables have the role of fishy flavor, especially in the coleslaw, both flavor, but also sterilization. Customarily, people usually say "garlic", is to refer to the garlic.

Garlic varieties according to the color of the outer skin of the bulb can be divided into purple garlic and white garlic two kinds. Purple garlic cloves are few and large, pungent flavor, high yield, more distributed in North China, Northwest and Northeast, etc., cold tolerance is weak, more in the spring sowing, maturity late; white garlic has two kinds of large cloves and small cloves, pungent flavor is lighter than the purple garlic, cold hardy, more autumn sowing, maturity a little early.

Propagation cultivation

Green food garlic base should be far away from the city, industrial and mining areas and the main traffic arteries, the base area and the surrounding area without "three wastes" emission enterprises. The farmland has a good atmospheric environment, irrigation water quality, soil environmental quality should be in line with the "environmental quality standards for green food production". The soil suitable for garlic growth should be deep, fertile, organic matter content of 1.0% or more, with loamy soil as the best.

Pre-planting

The depth of plowing is generally about 20cm, and it should be fine plowing, harrowing, harrowing, no obvious bumps, to achieve "Qi, loose, broken, net". According to the water source to determine the length of the border, you can play 80 ~ 100m long, 4.2 ~ 4.4m wide border; can also play 40 ~ 50m long, 4.2 ~ 4.4m wide border.

Selection of seeds artificial peeling and breaking cloves, remove the tray and stem tray of garlic, according to the large, medium, small and garlic heart grading, small garlic cloves according to the specific circumstances of the treatment of the selection of seed requirements is pure white without red veins, no injuries, no saccharification, no light skin. The principle requirement is about 5g per grain weight. Seed size is the key to obtaining high yield.

Timely sowing garlic sowing should be timely. Planting time at the end of the white dew at the beginning of the autumn equinox (end of September and early October), the temperature of about 17 ℃. Before sowing to sun garlic cloves 1 ~ 2d.

Reasonable dense planting general row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 16 ~ 17cm, per 667 square meters about 20,000 plants. The method is to use a rake or furrow opener to open a ditch, ditch depth of 5cm or so, after planting the garlic above the cover soil 1cm or so, remember to water when planting.

Field management

Irrigation garlic requires a relatively large amount of water, the entire growing period generally need to water 4 times.

(1) mulching water: garlic needs timely watering after sowing, watering full watering, a plant does not miss, every 667 square meters of watering 100 cubic meters. This water not only meets the needs of garlic planting, but also provides convenience for covering the film.