Spatial layout of Huizhou architectural skills in residential buildings

According to the connotation and technical principle of Huizhou custom, the houses adopt beam Fang vertical and horizontal wooden frames to form various functional three-dimensional spaces. Meet people's daily needs with the pattern of big room and small bedroom, and form a complementary space art.

(1) Hall: The space entering the gate is called the hall. It consists of a gate, a screen (middle gate) and a patio. The middle door is usually closed, and only the ear door is used. When you meet a distinguished guest, Gao Peng will open the middle door to meet you. Because the hall is connected with the gate. The middle door blocks the privacy of the owner's activities in the hall, and also reflects the elegant atmosphere of Huizhou people.

② Courtyard: Investigate the reason why there is a patio in the house: Because "Huizhou is sparsely populated, with insufficient supply, it is often given to all directions". Hui people often go out to do business, even farmers often go out to work when they are free, and rarely stay at home. Only women, children, old and young are left at home. In order to prevent theft and fire, most houses are closed with high walls, and few windows or only small windows are opened upstairs. Just rely on patio lighting and ventilation.

The patio layout is rectangular along the width direction, extending to the window center line of two bedrooms, and the length-width ratio is about 5: 1. The lighting effect of this patio is different from that of Beijing quadrangle patio. Beijing patio has a large area and soft light, giving people a quiet and comfortable feeling. The patio is the expansion of the hall space. There is no door on the side of the hall facing the patio, and you can see the "sky view" at the Taishi wall. It can be "shower in the morning and watch the stars at night". The ancient emblem Feng Shui song says, "I don't know if people have a blessing." The three suns hit the target directly, but they didn't know that people would live a long and carefree life if they bathed in the sky. "

Because the upper and lower halls and corridors in the house are surrounded by patios, the rainwater on the roof flows into the patio Tang Ming from all directions, which is called "Surabaya Wangtang". Huizhou merchants call it "gathering wealth", and the fat water does not flow to outsiders, so there is a patio house called "gathering wealth house", which uses the patio to store rainwater, potted flowers and collect water to raise fish for fire prevention.

(3) Hall: The bright room of a residential building is a hall. Because of the frequent activities in the hall, the hall is the central part of the main building and the inner hall. "Interpretation of the Name" says: "Don, listen to things, and people in the hall are involved." There are also similarities in the halls of ancient Hui folk houses, which are all places to welcome friends, practice art, read books and enjoy music.

The main hall is relatively large and spacious. There are wooden drum doors or board walls in the shape of "doors" on three sides of the main hall. The middle is called Taishibi, which is a rare practice in the north. The hall is rich in furnishings for display and appreciation. For example, there is a plaque hanging on the wall of the Taishi, and the portrait of Zongyong (Rong) is hung under the plaque. There is a long draw table in front of Taishi wall, on which there are long bells (homophonic: longevity) and East Bottle and West Mirror (homophonic: lifelong peace). There are also furniture made of precious wood such as square table, plush chair, nanmu and mahogany, which are antique. These furniture are not only daily necessities, but also works of art. Calligraphy and painting are hung on the walls on both sides, and there are mud Jin Mu couplets on the pillars. Their content is vivid or lyrical, which runs through the praise of the family and inspires future generations. For example, the couplet in the ancient book "Peach Blossom Spring" says: "Those who can bear hardships are ambitious/those who are willing to bear hardships are not idiots." For hundreds of years, people have accumulated nothing but good deeds/first-class good deeds but reading. The implication is profound and adds color to the hall.

④ Louting: Most residential buildings have two floors, and occasionally there are three floors. The floor and ground floor are basically symmetrical, and the emblem is called "heavy building". Because of abundant rainfall, humid climate and the ancient custom of Hui people living upstairs, Louting is also used as the main activity place. In the early Ming dynasty, the building was higher than the ground floor. In order to facilitate the activities in the museum, the form of "Happy Valley" was adopted and the practice of "going through the motions" was adopted. There are cloisters and pavilions on both sides of the patio, and cloisters are mostly made into "warm corridors". There is a partition on one side of the patio, which can keep warm in winter and cool in summer. It was also made into a "semi-gallery". It is lively and interesting to install a half fence or baffle on one side of the courtyard between columns and a wall top on the other side.