Ancient Chinese architecture*** There are several major types of structural forms, what are they?

This ...... topic is too big, please narrow it down.

For example, according to the function, there are such kinds:

①Dwelling building. It is the earliest building created by human beings, mainly in the form of cave dwellings and dry fences. Early Neolithic sites 7,400 to 6,700 years ago, such as Gansu Qin'an County, Dadiwan in the building are half-cave type, that is, from the ground down to a certain depth of vertical cave excavation, the plane for the round, oval or square, the area is very small. 4,900 to 3,900 years ago in the late Neolithic period, the ground up more houses, primitive society, cave dwellings, is gradually evolving towards the form of palace-style housing. The representative type of palatial residence is the courtyard. The Early Zhou architectural site of Fengyi Village in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, is the earliest known complete compound. A large number of bungalows are preserved on the east and west sides of the central axis in the old city of Beijing, where the most typical courtyard houses are mostly concentrated. The earliest remains of dry-structure were found in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, about 7,000 to 5,300 years ago. The floor was about as high as a person, under which livestock were kept, and there were railings around the floor, surrounding the platform and the house. Existing dry bar building than the ancient greatly reduced, concentrated in Yunnan, Hainan minority areas.

② urban public **** building. Mainly includes city walls, towers and gates, as well as bell towers and drum towers. City walls originated in the Neolithic era, the material to rammed earth-based. Three Kingdoms to the North and South Dynasties appeared in the rammed earth outside the city wrapped brick wall practice. In the Ming Dynasty, most of the important cities were built with masonry. City gate is the key defense parts. Doorway depth is generally about 20 meters, the deepest up to 80 meters. The Tang Dynasty urns appeared in the border city, the Ming Dynasty in the urns on the creation of archery towers, Beijing inner city of zhengyangmen and archery towers, the city's southeast corner of the building is an excellent work of the Ming Dynasty. Bell, drum tower is an ancient city specializing in the time of the public **** building. In the Song Dynasty, it was recorded that the bell and drum were placed in high buildings. In the Ming Dynasty, the drum tower and bell tower were built at the northern end of the central axis of the city of Beijing, the lower part of which was a brick pier, on which was a wooden or masonry storey.

3 palace buildings. Palace refers to the emperor to hold ceremonies, government affairs and residence. Palace building to focus on the domestic financial and material resources at that time, built with the highest level of technology. The earliest known palace site, found in Henan Yanshi Erlitou village, it was built in 1500 BC before the Shang dynasty. The Forbidden City in Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties is the last and most mature example of Chinese palace architecture. The city plane is rectangular, 753 meters wide from east to west, 961 meters deep from north to south, the wall opens four gates, builds gate towers, and corner towers at the four corners. It brought all kinds of architectural art techniques into full play, mobilized all architectural languages to express the theme idea, and achieved an unsurpassed achievement.

④Ritual and ancestral worship building. People hold rituals, commemorative activities of the building, where by the "ritual" requirements, and was included in the official ceremonies, known as the ritual architecture; where the folk, mainly to the human sacrifice object, known as the ancestral architecture. Ritual and ancestral buildings are roughly divided into four categories: altars and temples dedicated to heaven and earth, the sun, moon and stars, and famous mountains and rivers; temples and ancestral halls from the king to the common people who worshiped their ancestors or religious ancestors; Mingtang and Piyong, which held special political, religious and cultural ceremonies to perform rites and music and to promote education and culture; and temples and ancestral halls of celebrities that were revered by the ruling class and commemorated by the people. The Temple of Heaven in Beijing is the most important remnant of ancient temple architecture , built in the eighteenth year of the Ming Yongle (1420).

⑤Tomb building. Is dedicated to the burial and worship of the dead and the use of the building. By the underground and above ground two major components. Underground part of the burial of the dead and their relics, tokens, martyrdom. The above ground part is specially for the living to hold sacrifices and put the dead god of the Lord of the use. Roughly speaking, after the Han Dynasty, the emperor's tomb was called a mausoleum, and the common people were called tombs. The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang in Lintong County, Shaanxi, was the first imperial tomb in China. The Thirteen Mausoleums in Changping, Ming Beijing, is a well-planned and ambitious mausoleum complex.

6 Buddhist architecture. Is the believers enshrine Buddha statues, Buddha bone, Buddhist Buddhist activities and live in the premises, there are three major types of temples, pagodas and grottoes. China's folk built Buddhist temples, began at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Initially, the temple is the layout of the corridor courtyard, the center of the tower, or build a Buddhist temple, or tower, temple and build. Pagodas can be divided into stone pagoda, brick pagoda, wooden pagoda, iron pagoda, ceramic pagoda, etc. According to the structural modeling can be divided into pavilion-type pagoda, dense eaves pagoda, single-story pagoda. Grottoes are Buddhist temples carved into riverside cliffs, originating in India and spreading to China around the 3rd century A.D. Their form is roughly divided into four categories: pagoda temple grottoes, Buddhist temple grottoes, monastic houses, and large statue grottoes. Important remnants of China's grottoes, Gansu Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Shanxi Datong Yungang Grottoes, Henan Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and so on.

⑦Gardens and garden architecture. Traditional Chinese gardens are feasible, can look forward to, can swim, can live in the function of artificial and natural combination of the shape of the environment, its composition of the main elements are mountains, water, flowers and trees and buildings. It is a synthesis of many kinds of art, reflecting the achievements of traditional philosophy, aesthetics, literature, painting, architecture, horticulture and other disciplines of scientific art and engineering technology. According to the affiliation, it can be divided into four categories: royal gardens, private gardens, temple gardens and scenic spots. One of the most representative of the existing gardens are Suzhou Garden, Humble Administrator's Garden, Liouyuan, Yangzhou Garden, Wuxi Send Changyuan, Beijing Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan, Chengde Summer Resort and so on.