Current status of agricultural geology research and development in China

(I) Current status of agricultural geology research

In the past 50 years, China's agricultural geology work has achieved fruitful results, which can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage for the 1950s to 1970s, to agricultural resources survey and research, the work carried out by the hydrogeological survey of farmland water supply, saline and alkaline land improvement, the development of agricultural minerals, as well as soil erosion, desertification, land sands investigation and transformation, etc., in order to improve the total amount of food yields and make an important contribution to the total amount of food in China. The second stage for the 1980s to the mid-1990s, to the famous agricultural products of agricultural geological survey and development work, such as Sichuan, cotton, squash, citrus, rice and other crops and geological background of the relationship between the survey; Guangxi, citrus, Luo Han Guo geological background of the survey; Henan, through the preparation of the province's agricultural geological maps, and accordingly developed a number of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, and mineral feed additives; Jiangsu, carried out the chestnut, citrus and other cash crops of agricultural geology, and the development of the agricultural geology of the agricultural geology of the province, and the development of the agricultural geology of the agricultural geology of the province. Jiangsu has carried out the agricultural geological background zoning of chestnut, citrus and other cash crops; Yunnan has studied the geological background of baking tobacco and tea planting areas, etc.. It has greatly promoted the development of rural economy, and also summarized and explored the practical application of agricultural geological theories such as agricultural geological background system and agro-ecological geology, etc. Since the middle and late 1990s, the development of agricultural geology in China has entered a new stage. In the process of trying to broaden the service field of geology, the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (MGM) added pilot agro-ecological geological surveys to the traditional 1:50,000 regional geological surveys during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, and deployed more than ten pilot maps in different regions of the country. 1999-2002, the China Geological Survey (CGS) carried out the following projects From 1999 to 2002, China Geological Survey carried out the pilot work of multi-objective geochemical mapping in the Pearl River Delta, Jianghan Plain and Chengdu Plain, and achieved a series of important results, identifying the distribution and trend of the high value zones (zones) of certain heavy metals and radioactive elements in the soil of the densely populated areas. 2002, a provincial pilot was carried out in Zhejiang Province, and a provincial and ministry cooperation program of the agro-geological and environmental surveys was formally initiated, which set off a new climax of the work of the agro-geological work. In 2002, a provincial pilot program was carried out in Zhejiang Province and a provincial-ministry cooperative program on agricultural geo-environmental survey was officially launched, which set off a new high tide of agricultural geology work. Since Zhejiang Province took the lead in launching the agricultural geo-environmental survey in the country, various provinces and cities in the country have successively carried out multi-objective soil geochemical surveys with agriculture and ecology as the main objects. In the meantime, the agricultural geological survey, evaluation and development of famous and excellent agricultural and forestry crops all over the country have also entered a brand-new stage.

China's geological work in agriculture in the practical application began in the 1980s, when the country to carry out agricultural zoning work, Prof. Li Zhengji in Sichuan Province to participate in the process of agricultural zoning research, found that the central region of the Upper Jurassic Penglai Township group of the distribution area of the best quality of cotton, through the study of the geological background of the adjustment of the structure of agricultural production, to obtain the production of income-generating good results, and had a great impact on the country, and the development of agricultural geochemistry. It had a great impact on the whole country and played an important role in promoting the development of agricultural geology in China. Subsequently, the agro-ecological geological survey and evaluation of famous and excellent agricultural and forestry crops has been in the ascendant, involving more than a hundred kinds of famous and excellent specialties. There are mainly Sichuan citrus, Chongqing Fuling mustard, Guangxi litchi, Shatian pomelo and Nanning banana and Liujiang sugar cane, Zhejiang Yuhuan Wendan, Shandong Feicheng peach, Xinjiang Turpan grapes, Hebei Cangzhou golden jujubes, Yunnan, Guizhou, Henan, Shandong tobacco, western Yunnan, eastern Zhejiang tea, as well as Shandong Taishan Mountain, Hebei Qian'an, Beijing Changping chestnut, etc., which have achieved fruitful investigation and research results, and accumulated a large amount of research data, summarizing a lot of knowledge and understanding. These efforts have resulted in fruitful investigations and research results, accumulating a large amount of research information and summarizing a number of laws of understanding, and using these data and results to search for and discover new areas of superiority, expand the planting area, and promote the economic development of the local community.

In the aspect of basic theoretical research, the theoretical research of agricultural geology has achieved promising results. 1986, Prof. Li Zhengji published a book entitled "Geology and Agriculture", which put forward the concept of "Agricultural Geological Background System", pointing out that "Agricultural geological background is a closely related geological body and a system of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, etc. It is also an integral part of the geological system of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, which is closely related to the geological system of agriculture, In 1996, he applied modern ecological viewpoints, principles of system engineering and theories of other frontier disciplines to further study the geological background of rock-soil-water system. In 1991, Feng Qunyao put forward in "Geology of Large-scale Agriculture" that "Geology of Large-scale Agriculture is a fringe discipline to study the problems related to large-scale agriculture based on the theory of geology, combining with the related theories of agriculture and forestry", and believed that the study of geological background of agriculture, mineral rocks and their geochemical composition is related to agriculture. In 1996, Cheng Guanwen put forward "Agricultural Environmental Geology is a study of agricultural geological environment and the changing law of activation, migration and transformation of material and energy in the environment under the action of natural and man-made factors, and the biological effect of the changing law accompanied by this kind of environmental geology" in "Theory of Agricultural Environmental Geology and the contents of its research". In 1997, academician Zhang Zonghu combined geological inorganic environment and ecological organic environment and put forward the idea of "Agricultural Ecological Geology". In 1997, Academician Zhang Zonghu combined geological inorganic environment and ecological organic environment and put forward the new concept of "agro-ecological geology", which is "agro-ecological geology is a discipline to study the structure and function of the whole system of human-agricultural production-geological environment and its interaction". 1999, Academician Chen Mengxiong, from the perspective of environmental geology, took the geological environment as a separate and independent field of study. In 1999, Academician Chen Mengxiong, from the viewpoint of environmental geology, took the geological environment as an independent abiotic system, and studied the relationship between the geological environment and the human living environment under the dual influence of the natural ecological environment and the social environment, and suggested to call it ecological environmental geology. 2000, Mr. Chen Changdu put forward the "geo-ecology", which combined geology and ecology, and considered the role of geological theories in the ecosystem more. In 2001, Mr. Zeng Qunwang and others put forward the concept of bio-geology and environmental science, which is a discipline to study the relationship between living organisms and their geological environment on which they depend on with the theory and method of geology, focusing on the impact of geological environment on living organisms, and it is a fringe discipline that is formed by the interpenetration and fusion of biology, geology and environmental science, and it can be seen that the research scope of agricultural geology has a wide range of topics. From this we can see that the research scope of agricultural geology has been expanded to the field of ecological environment, and the broad prospect of agricultural geology development and the social function of agricultural geology research has been greatly expanded.

With the rapid development of agricultural chemistry, environmental chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology and other disciplines, the research on the relationship between natural resources, geological environment, ecological environment and agricultural production, quality of agricultural products is also increasing, which makes people realize the social function of agricultural geological research, and the results of the agricultural geological research have become the basis for the structural adjustment of the agricultural industry and the macro-decision of the regional economy. For example, through the investigation of agricultural geological environment in Zhejiang Province, it was found that the content of toxic and harmful elements of soil in the northern part of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City was excessive and it was not suitable for planting grains and vegetables while the geological background in the southern part of the city was relatively good, according to which the district government adjusted the layout of agricultural production in a timely manner, and made the scientific decision of "moving the northern vegetables to the south", which played a positive role in the development of local agricultural industry. The development of the local agricultural industry has played a positive role.

(2) Agricultural Geology in Zhejiang Province

The research on agricultural geology and environment in Zhejiang Province started earlier, and a series of researches and promotion of results have been carried out by geology, agriculture, environment and other functional departments and scientific research colleges and universities in their respective fields, and certain progress has been made.

Since 1979, the relevant departments of Zhejiang Province, more systematically carried out agricultural resources survey and agricultural zoning work, carried out the province's land, climate, water, biological survey of the four major natural resources, a preliminary clarification of the number of resources and spatial and temporal distribution of the status of the initial revelation of agricultural production conditions of the geographical differentiation of the law, and based on the compilation of the "Agricultural Zoning in Zhejiang Province," and the "Atlas of Agricultural Zoning in Zhejiang Province," which was published by the Ministry of Agriculture. The second agricultural soil census carried out in the early 1980s, guided by the three major purposes of "checking soil resources, promoting production and developing soil science", basically identified the province's soil resources and distribution characteristics, soil physical and chemical properties and production performance, and formed a more complete soil classification system. It has played a positive role in increasing agricultural production, soil improvement and the development of soil science.

Since the 1980s, geology, agriculture, environmental protection departments and scientific research institutes have conducted thematic studies on the geologic background of some famous agricultural products, and carried out research on the geologic background of the famous tea production areas along the southeastern coast of China (Lu Jinggang, Wang Aigao, and Tang Gennian, 1996-1998), the relationship between the agricultural geologic background of Zhejiang Province and the main famous agricultural specialties (Zhejiang Geological and Mineralogical Research Institute 1992-1995), correlation study between quality and yield of Yuhuan wendan and geological background in Zhejiang Province (Huang Zehui et al., 1990), survey and zoning of Cephalotaxus resources (Shaoxing Agricultural Zoning Office, 1986), etc. Meanwhile, a lot of basic research work has also been done in the area of safety of agricultural products, such as soil geochemistry surveys of Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area, quality of the agricultural environment in sewage-irrigated areas of the province Census, rice and soil organochlorine, organic arsenic pesticide residue monitoring, vegetable residues of harmful substances, and through the early development of ecological agriculture in the central plains of Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou comprehensive development research, the promotion of "pollution-free" vegetable production technology and other aspects of the basic applied research work, through these a lot of work, the province, the local (city), County in the agricultural zoning and agricultural regional development of a large number of basic data and information, for the agricultural geological environment in Zhejiang and the quality of agricultural products, safety research provides the basis, and achieved a series of research results.

Before and after the 1990s, Zhejiang Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center Station completed the "province's food in the pesticide pollution tracking and heavy metal content level of investigation and research" project, soil and plant samples of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticide determination, mastered the organochlorine pesticide residues in the soil and food crops in the body of the accumulation of the situation. In 1990, it focused on the investigation of the environmental background value of heavy metals in the soil of Ningbo and Wenzhou, and systematically obtained the information of the background value of the soil in the region for the first time. 1996-1999, "Study on Water Pollution Prevention and Control and Water Environmental Capacity of Dongcamps Creek Basin" was completed by the Hydrological Surveying Bureau of Zhejiang Province, the Center Station of Environmental Monitoring of Zhejiang Province, and the College of Environment and Resource of Zhejiang Agricultural University. and water environment capacity research", established all kinds of special coefficients, put forward practical countermeasures to prevent and control agricultural and rural surface pollution, for further optimization and adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, effective prevention and control of agricultural surface pollution, protection and improvement of the rural and agricultural environment provides a scientific basis. Zhejiang Provincial Geological Survey Institute and other geological departments have carried out agricultural geochemical environmental surveys in Hangjiahu area, agricultural geological environmental surveys in Xiaoshan, Anji and other areas, and Hangzhou vegetable base soil heavy 6 types of trace elements and the relationship between crop quality. These surveys for the province's comprehensive utilization of land resources, industrial and agricultural production rational layout, land reorganization, regional environmental assessment, soil environmental standards, as well as some by the abundance and shortage of chemical elements caused by the prevention and treatment of environmental diseases and so on provides an important basic information for the improvement and regulation of agro-ecological environment, the development of agricultural economic zoning and sustainable socio-economic development planning provides a scientific basis.

It is worth pointing out that, although the previous related research work has its own characteristics in terms of research ideas, research direction and research areas, due to the limitations in the field of specialization, research ideas, research direction and financial input, it is unable to give full play to the advantages of multidisciplinary comprehensive research, the degree of technical integration is insufficient, and the depth and breadth of the research is insufficient, making it difficult to comprehensively and systematically conduct objective and comprehensive research on the province's agro-ecological environment and the safety of agricultural products. It is difficult to evaluate the ecological environment and safety of agricultural products in the province in a comprehensive and systematic way, so that there is a lack of strong theoretical basis and technical support in the process of geologic background of agricultural products in Zhejiang Province and the delineation of suitable areas, the construction of bases for agricultural products with special characteristics, the protection and management of the places of origin of agricultural products with special characteristics as well as the decision-making process. The practice of "Agricultural Geological Environment Survey of Zhejiang Province" proves that the cooperation and integration of multi-department, multi-discipline and multi-professional is an inevitable choice to expand the field of geological services and enhance the social service function of geological work, and it is gratifying to see that this idea has been widely recognized.