How to understand the boundary state of topological insulators?

Coherence of qubits means that electrons spin to the right and positrons spin to the left. Different from traditional computers, the operation time of quantum computers is limited because of the coherence between quantum bits. After a certain period of time, once a qubit encounters the observation of an external entity, it will lose its coherence, and the attenuation of quantum coherence is called "decoherence". If the decoherence time is not long enough, the calculation cannot be completed. In order to give full play to the advantages of quantum computing, it is necessary to ensure the coherence of quantum bits in hardware. Topological superconducting materials are helpful to solve the decoherence problem of traditional qubits and improve their survival time, which is of self-evident significance to the field of quantum computers. So what is the relationship between Mayorana fermions and topological boundary states and superconducting materials? A new superconducting material with topological and superconducting quantum phenomena can be considered as a special insulator. Using this, electrons can be "tricked" into the surface of this material and converted into Marayona fermions. In the words of physicist L. Andrew Ray, with these two characteristics, "superconductors are ideal hotbeds for producing and controlling Diego Maradona fermions."

China is in the leading position in the field of high temperature superconductivity.

How to design and find topological superconducting materials has always been the focus of researchers. Many substances in nature are only single superconductors or topological insulators, and it is difficult for superconductivity and topological state to exist in the same substance. In the past, the research idea was to put topological materials on superconducting materials through epitaxial growth or put superconducting materials on topological materials, and realize topological superconductors through proximity effect. However, the growth process of this composite material is very harsh, which hinders the development of topological superconducting materials research.