What is judo?

Judo is the development of boxing in China, which originated from Shaolin.

In Tokyo, Gu Wu Daoism Research Association once erected a monument, which read: "The spread of boxing began with the self-evident Chen Yuankai." Chen Yuanyun is a martial arts expert in China. He spread China's traditional martial arts to Fusang (modern edition) and became the first person in modern judo.

Chen Yuanyun was born in the 15th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1578), and his ancestral home was in Hangzhou. Because of advocating martial arts, I studied martial arts at Shaolin Temple in Songshan Mountain as a teenager. Under the guidance of famous monks, martial arts gradually became a master of Wulin.

In the first year of the Apocalypse, he crossed to Fusang, taught authentic China boxing in Nagoya and Edo, and recruited many disciples. At that time, two disciples of Chen Yuanyun, Miura and Fukuno, gained the true meaning of Shaolin Wushu. After their independence, they were called "the ancestors of Japanese Jiu Jitsu in the Middle Ages", and developed China Wushu into Japanese Jiu Jitsu.

195 1 year, Japan, Britain and France initiated the establishment of the international judo union. The first world judo championship was held in Tokyo on 1956, and judo was officially included in the competition in China on 1973.

Judo means "Judo" in Japanese, which is a gentle way. Judo originated in part from the hand-to-hand combat technique of ancient Japanese samurai: jujitsu. Judo wins the game by throwing its opponent to the ground. This is the only event in the Olympics that allows opponents to be subdued by choking or twisting their joints. Judo is a highly antagonistic competitive sport, which emphasizes the technical proficiency of players, rather than the comparison of strength.

Judo was founded in 1980s by Jana Jgoroh in 19, and became an Olympic event in 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. At that time, Japan, as the host country of the Olympic Games, could add an event, so Japan chose judo. There are only four levels of competition in Tokyo Olympic Games, and Japanese athletes won three gold medals. However, in the indifferent competition, Dutch player Anton Geesink, who is1.98m tall, defeated Japanese champion Shin Yong Akio for three consecutive years in front of an audience of15,000, and beat him again in the resurrection, thus breaking the argument that Japanese judo masters can beat any opponent.

Judo competition requires players to "lock their arms" and "strangle" their opponents' limbs and necks, and to throw their opponents to the ground or suppress them until they admit defeat or fall to the ground.

Brief introduction of competition system

Judo for men and women was listed as an event in the 1964 18 Olympic Games and the 25th Olympic Games in 1992 respectively. In the Olympic Games, it takes five minutes for men to score and win, and four minutes for women. If neither side scores, three judges will decide the winner according to the principle of majority voting. Each heavyweight event has 1 gold medal, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals.

At the Sydney Olympic Games, 400 athletes took part in judo competitions. One athlete wears white clothes and the other wears blue clothes instead of traditional white clothes.

Players of each level will first be divided into two groups for single elimination, and then the top two in the group will enter the semi-finals, and the winner will compete for the championship.

Athletes may emphasize that judo is a sport that anyone can participate in. The two most striking judo players in Sydney Olympic Games are really quite different in stature.

There are 14 events in judo competition in Beijing Olympic Games, including 7 events for men and 7 events for women, namely 60kg, 66kg, 73kg, 8 1kg, 90kg, 100kg and above, and 48kg and 500kg for women.

Competition venue and clothing: Judo competition venue is paved with tatami or suitable materials similar to tatami, usually green in color, and divided into competition area and safety area. One athlete wears a blue judo suit and the other wears a white judo suit. The length of the jacket of judo suit should cover the thigh, and the left lapel of the jacket should be wide enough to hold down the right lapel. The waist is tied with a belt with a width of 4 to 5 cm, and its color represents the position of the athletes.

Competition rules: during the competition, according to the skills used by athletes, there are four grades according to the quality and effect.

(1) one copy. Get a "share" in four situations: one side of the game controls the other side, uses throwing skills, and throws the other side into most of the back landing state with considerable strength and speed; When one side controls the other side in the "pressure technique" competition so that it can't get out of control within 25 seconds after announcing the "pressure technique start"; When one side slaps the mat or the other side's body with hands or feet for more than two times, or shouts "lost"; When one side of the competition uses torsion technique or joint technique to fully display the technical effect. In addition, when one side of the competition is punished by the fourth "guidance", the other side gets "one book" score. When one party gets a copy, it wins the game.

(2) skills. There are two situations to gain "skills": one side of the competition uses throwing skills to control the opponent's fall, but the technical effect is insufficient in judging the three conditions of "a book" 1; In "pressure technique", one side of the game controls the other side for more than 20 seconds. In addition, when one side of the competition is punished by the third "guidance", the other side gets a "skill" score. When one side of a competition gains a second "skill" in a competition, that side wins.

(3) effective. There are two situations to be "effective": one side of the competition controls the opponent and falls down with throwing technique, but the technical effect is insufficient in two of the three conditions for judging "a book"; In "pressure technique", one side controls the other side for more than 15 seconds. In addition, when one side of the competition is punished by the second "guidance", the other side gets an "effective" score.

(4) effect. There are two situations that can get the "effect": when one side of the game controls his opponent, he uses the throwing technique to throw his opponent to the shoulder, thigh or hip with speed and strength; In "pressure technique", one side controls the other side for more than 10 second. In addition, when one side of the competition is punished by "guidance", the other side gets an "effect" score.

In a game, after an athlete gets a copy, the game can end, and the athlete who gets the copy wins the game. If there is no "book" victory in a competition, the winner will be judged according to the number of "skills", "effectiveness" and "effects" within the specified competition time. But one "skill" is better than all "effectiveness" and "effect". One "effect" is better than all "effects". If the scores of both sides are equal, overtime will be played, and the first scorer in overtime will win. After the overtime, if the scores of the two sides have not changed, the three referees on the field will raise the flag to decide the outcome after consultation.

Foul:

If an athlete violates the rules or exceeds the competition area, depending on the seriousness of the case, he will be punished with "koka", "yoko", "warning" (half a point) and "disqualification" (one foul). When an athlete is warned twice in a match, he will be disqualified and the opponent will win. The most serious foul is a foul, but before the penalty, the referee needs to negotiate with the linesman.

Don't hit each other, don't hit each other with your head, elbows and knees, and don't scratch each other's hair and lower body. Never hit your opponent in the face with your hands, feet, legs or arms. Don't do anti-joint exercises on other joints except elbow joint. It is forbidden to do anything that may hurt the other person's cervical vertebra or spine. In addition, excessive defense in the game, being pushed out of the competition area by the opponent or deliberately avoiding the opponent, causing danger to the opponent, are all fouls.

Beyond the competition area means that any part of the judo player's body is beyond the competition area. If one side throws at the other side and falls off the court because of losing its center of gravity, it is judged whether it is a foul according to the landing time of the fallen player: if the fallen player lands first, it is not a foul, otherwise it is a foul. It is not a foul to be thrown off the court by an opponent in a game with regular movements.

Provided by the stadium

Judo is a traditional martial art in the East. It not only pursues the tempering of offensive and defensive skills, but also requires practitioners to have good moral quality. Judo competition contains rich etiquette content.

(1) dress etiquette. Judo clothes should be white or beige, and there should be no unnecessary signs on them. The length of the judo suit must be more than half of the thigh, and the sleeve length must be more than half of the forearm, but not more than the wrist. There should be a gap of 5 ~ 8 cm between the sleeve and the arm. Pants should not be marked, the length should be more than half of the calf, but not more than the ankle joint, and there is a gap of 5 ~ 8 cm between the leg and the hem of the trousers. A strong belt with a width of 4 ~ 5cm and a color representing the position must be tied around the waist. The belt should be tied with a flat knot to prevent the coat from opening. Its length should be tied around the waist for two weeks, and 20 ~ 30cm spare sections should be left at both ends. Female athletes must wear a sturdy white or beige short-sleeved T-shirt under judo clothes, and the length must be long enough to press their buttocks in their pants.

(2) grooming etiquette. Players must wear clean and dry judo clothes to compete. Players' fingernails and toenails must be trimmed very short, and personal hygiene must meet the medium standard. In order to avoid causing inconvenience to opponents, players with long hair must tie it up.

(3) Competition etiquette. In the competition, in order to show mutual respect, both sides of the competition begin with ceremony and end with ceremony.

Before the competition, the contestants should stand face to face on the red and white lines with the same color as their own signs in the competition area, then salute each other and take a step forward. After the referee announced the "start" password, the game began. The basic process of standing at attention ceremony is as follows: first, the body is in a natural standing posture, with feet and heels standing side by side, knees straight and eyes fixed on each other; Then, the front bow of the upper body is about 30, the arms are drooping, and the fingers of both hands are placed on the thighs above the knee joint, which is a little static; Finally, the upper body naturally rises and restores the original standing posture. The whole process takes about 4 seconds.

During the competition, players should respect each other, and must not make derogatory gestures or similar actions to their opponents, hit their faces with their hands, feet, legs or arms, or break their fingers when they are controlled by their opponents.

At the end of the game, players also need to salute each other. In addition, before the start of each competition, three referees (1 chief referee and two deputy referees) must stand at the boundary of the competition venue to salute the rostrum and then take their seats.

Audience etiquette

Judo, like wrestling, shows the beauty of fighting, and the audience should never regard judo as a simple fighting performance when watching the game. Judo pursues balance. Players take advantage of their opponents' imbalance by choosing opportunities, control their opponents and throw them down. Only by landing on their shoulders can they win. Therefore, the audience should know the progress of the athletes' competition and know when to applaud and when not to applaud. Some spectators applauded as long as they saw one side fall to the ground, and some even applauded when they saw an athlete fall. These are all uncivilized behaviors to watch the ball game. Also, no matter which country's athletes are, as long as their movements are clean and beautiful, the audience should cheer for them.