Introduction to the Collection of Ancient Books in Literary Language6

1. Introduction to a book in Mandarin

Introduction to Sun Tzu's Art of War in Mandarin Beginning of the first

Sun Tzu said:

The military, the country's major events, the place of death, the way of life, the way of survival, can not be ignored.

Therefore, by the five things, the school with the plan, and the situation: one is said to be the Road, two is said to be the sky, three is said to be the ground, four is said to be the will, five is said to be the law. Road, so that the people on the consent, can be with the death, can be with the life, and not dangerous; days, yin and yang, heat and cold, the time system; the ground, near and far, dangerous and easy, wide and narrow, dead and alive; will be, wisdom, faith, benevolence, courage, strict; law, the system of curves, the official way, the main use also. Where these five, will not be heard, know the winner, do not know the winner. Therefore, the school to the plan, and ask for their feelings, said: the Lord who has the way? Who will have the ability? Who has access to heaven and earth? What is the law? The first thing I'd like to do is to get a better understanding of the situation and the way in which it works.

What is the best way to get the best out of the world? Who is the best at rewarding and punishing? I know the winners and losers by this. If you listen to my plan and use it, you will win, so keep it; if you don't listen to my plan and use it, you will lose, so leave it.

Calculated to listen to profit, is the potential for its external. The potential, because of profit and the system of power. The soldiers, the tricky way. Therefore, the ability to show that you can not, use and show that you do not use, near and show that far, far and show that near. Profit and enticement, chaos and take, real and prepared, strong and avoid, anger and scratch, humble and proud, anonymous and labor, pro and away from the attack, unprepared, unexpected. This is the victory of the military, not to be passed on first.

The temple counts the winners before the battle, the count is more; the temple counts the winners before the battle, the count is less. The more I count, the less I count, and not to mention that I don't count! I have this view, the winners and losers see.

2. 求六上现代文品读-文言文点击,《读点古籍》阅读答案

睿rui 4声 智 论lun 2声 语 闇cu 4声 额皱zhou 4声 眉

1) From the text, the benefits of reading the ancient books are:

1) Greatly beneficial to our cultivation of life and literature

2) Greatly helpful to our study of language and writing. (2) Throughout the text, the author advocates "reading some ancient books" for three reasons:

1. Ancient books are the most valuable heritage left to us by our ancestors, like a ship full of ideas and wisdom. Leaving the canonical books is tantamount to leaving the traditional culture and its roots.

2, read the ancient books can not only improve our life and literary cultivation, we learn the language, learning to write is also very helpful

3, if we abandon the ancient books like grass, we are sorry for the ancients, and even more sorry for the future generations!

(3) While looking to the future, do not forget to look back at the past, read some ancient books, keep the roots. What is the significance of reading ancient books for secondary school students? Please say your opinion

The philosophy of life contained in ancient books can enrich our minds; the history and culture of ancient books can enrich our vision; the glory and shame of the rise and fall of ancient books can cultivate our patriotic sentiment; the poetry and fiction of ancient books can poetize our lives .

3. Introduction to Medical Ancient Texts

Medical Ancient Texts is the name of a book for the 2007 Beijing Higher Education Excellence Teaching Material Project for the use of higher vocational colleges and universities and adult education in Chinese medicine.

It is a practical reference book. From the preparation of the outline to the final completion of this textbook after several degrees of summer.

Medical Ancient Texts is a discipline that studies the language and cultural phenomena of ancient Chinese medicine, and it is a basic course for Chinese medicine majors.

At the same time, through the teaching of ancient medical texts, students can understand the culture of Chinese medicine, realize the essence of Chinese medicine, improve the quality of humanities and moral cultivation, and lay a solid cultural foundation for learning Chinese medicine. The ancient medical text is an ancient literary text containing the contents of medicine.

In order to read and understand this aspect of the literary language, but also to learn some closely related to the knowledge of ancient languages. Thus, the ancient language knowledge related to the ancient text of medicine is the main content of the medical text.

The ancient text of medicine is the foundation of the foundation of Chinese medicine. Medical Ancient Texts is a course that studies the linguistic and cultural phenomena of ancient medical literature, and it is the basic course for seven-year and undergraduate students of various specialties in Chinese medicine, as well as the main course of higher Chinese medicine colleges and universities.

The aim of the teaching is to make the students master the common words and their main meanings in ancient medical books, the basic knowledge of ancient Chinese language, and the basic skills of sentence breakage, modern translation, and contextual comprehension on the basis of existing knowledge of the literary language, so that they can read the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine more smoothly, and to study the subsequent courses of classical medical writings and the study of ancient medical books after graduation, so as to clear the textual, scientific and linguistic problems of ancient medical books. This course is designed to remove the obstacles in literature and science for the study of classical medical books and the study of ancient medical books after graduation, and at the same time, to motivate some of the students to strive for further study and development in this field. The teaching of this course aims to cultivate students' comprehensive mastery of the essence of ancient medical texts, improve their humanistic and linguistic qualities, perfect their knowledge structure, and then improve their understanding and analytical ability of the traditional culture and spirit of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to help students realize their personality and doctor's temperament, and to lay a solid and reliable foundation for their future engagement in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine or other kinds of health care work. It is conducive to expanding students' horizons, enriching their knowledge, and promoting the continuous improvement of their academic qualities Introduction to Ancient Medical Literature I. The Nature and Role of Ancient Medical Literature All the classic works of Chinese medicine have been written in ancient languages, and the science of Chinese medicine itself is y rooted in the fertile soil of traditional Chinese culture. If you want to be able to utilize your knowledge, you need to be able to understand the ancient language and traditional culture.

Therefore, in terms of the nature and role, "Medical Ancient Texts" is a discipline that studies the language and writing of ancient Chinese medicine as well as literature and cultural issues, and it is a basic and instrumental course for Chinese medicine majors in higher education institutions. It is an important course for the quality education of traditional culture for college students of traditional Chinese medicine, and also the main course for the lifelong education of traditional Chinese medicine practitioners. Learning, mastering and applying the knowledge and methods of ancient medical texts, cultivating and improving the level of ancient medical texts have a very practical role and far-reaching significance in improving the traditional language and cultural cultivation and comprehensive business quality of practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as in-depth study of ancient Chinese medicine and promotion of the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine and the cause of Chinese medicine.

Second, the "medical ancient language" teaching purposes and tasks In a broad sense, the medical ancient language teaching purposes and tasks, is to enable students through the ancient medicine anthology and the study of the basics of ancient Chinese language, to be able to directly read, understand, explain and study the Chinese medicine ancient text of the rhetoric and correct application. In a narrower sense, it is to enable the students to read, understand, and interpret the language and textual issues of ancient Chinese medicine books with the help of tools and be able to break sentences, punctuate, and translate.

This syllabus is based on the purpose and tasks of teaching in a narrow sense. Based on the nature and role of this course, "Medical Ancient Texts" also has the purpose and task of cultivating the cultivation of Chinese language and culture and humanistic qualities with the characteristics of Chinese medicine.

Third, "medical ancient language" teaching content "medical ancient language" teaching content, is based on the purpose of teaching and determine. In terms of structure, it is divided into three major parts, namely, "Selected Texts", "Basic Knowledge" and "Exercises".

The "anthology", according to the nature, is divided into the medical anthology and anthology related to or closely related to medicine; according to the content and its era, is divided into the "biographies of medical doctors", "preface to the medical literature According to the content and its era, it is divided into "biographies of medical doctors", "preface to medical books", "medical essays", "medical treatises", and so on. The teaching of the anthology is based on the linguistic and textual knowledge of words, phrases, sentences and meanings, as well as their meanings and traditional cultural knowledge, with the aim of enabling the students to accumulate the necessary perceptual materials of medical texts and to develop a certain degree of perceptual understanding.

"Basic Knowledge" is divided into nine chapters (nine categories), namely: tools, Chinese characters, vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric, exegesis, sentence reading, translation, and general cultural knowledge. The teaching of these contents is based on the principle of taking into account the system and emphasizing the key points, aiming at cultivating students with certain theoretical knowledge and the method and ability to solve practical problems.

"Exercise" is a more targeted practical training, the purpose is to deepen the content and key points of each chapter, to train students to have the ability to correctly interpret the words, sentence breaks and translations, etc.

"Exercise" is a more targeted practical training. Fourth, the "medical ancient language" teaching requirements Through the syllabus of the content of the study, students should achieve the following standards: 1, to recognize traditional Chinese characters and write their corresponding simplified characters.

2, be able to recognize the anthology in the Chinese characters, ancient characters and different characters, write their corresponding words, words and orthographic characters; 3, be able to accurately explain the anthology of words, especially common words (including monophonic words, polyphonic words, multi-syllabic words, idioms, etc.) form, sound, meaning; 4, be able to explain a variety of special grammatical phenomena and rhetorical phenomena; 5, be able to correctly understand the text of the ancient medical text, Understand the basic theories in "Basic Knowledge" and master the application methods to explain the relevant issues; 7. Be able to translate ancient texts accurately and fluently by means of direct translation and paraphrase; 8. Be able to break sentences accurately for ancient texts without punctuation marks; 5, "Principles and methods of teaching medical texts 1. Since the anthology is the active material of medical texts, the theory is based on the study of the anthology.

4. The vocabulary of catalog publishing

Cataloging is the study of the general laws of the formation and development of catalog work, that is, the study of the laws of bibliographic information movement, is the theoretical generalization and summary of the practical experience of catalog work.

The content of cataloging, mainly including the revelation and recording of documents, bibliographic indexing, bibliographic intelligence services and the history of cataloging. Cataloging sub-disciplines, including general cataloging: the study of the general principles of cataloging, the preparation of bibliographic indexing based on the method; specialist cataloging: the study of various disciplines of the accumulation of literature, organization and utilization; comparative cataloging: the study of the characteristics of the development of Chinese and foreign cataloging.

In addition, there is a focus on the book version of the condition of the evidence of the study of the sub-discipline, called version of the catalog. Catalog has a long history, long history, the world's earliest catalog to push the ancient Greek cataloger, the poet Callimachus (about 305 ~ about 240 BC) compiled the "Pinax" (also known as "the famous scholars of various disciplines and their writings catalog," the existing fragments).

The bibliography not only recorded the collections of the Library of Alexandria under Callimachus, but also included all Greek literature of the time. The invention of printing greatly facilitated the exchange and dissemination of world culture, as well as the development of bibliography.

In 1545 C. Gessner published the Bibliotheca Universalis, in the 16th century the Italian jurist Giovanni Nevezano produced the Bibliotheca Juristica, and in 1591 the German Israel Spach produced the Bibliotheca Medica.

The Frankfurt Book Market Catalog, published in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, in 1564 (and biannually thereafter until 1749), became the beginning of the publication and distribution of bibliographies, which were later published in many countries and further developed in the 18th and 19th centuries. The emergence of national bibliographies is a milestone in the history of bibliographic development, which has made great progress in the scope of the bibliographic collection, as well as the classification system, the search path and other aspects of the preparation technology.

In the 19th century in the West appeared regularly published national bibliographies, and since then all countries have been compiled and published national bibliographies. 1881 ~ 1900 published "British Museum Word Shun Collection Catalog", included 1.3 million books, the total number of items more than 4.5 million entries, and France's "National Library Collection of Printed Books General Catalogue" (published in 1897, so far more than 230 volumes) is known as the world's catalog in the double. ) are known as the twin jewels of world catalogs.

In the second half of the 18th century, card catalogs appeared in France, and after the 19th century, they gradually became one of the main forms of catalogs for libraries in various countries. machine-readable catalogs appeared in the United States in the late 1960s, and many countries have issued such catalogs since then.

The online union catalog database of the Online Library Center is the largest bibliographic database (machine-readable union catalog) in the world. China already had a large number of documents as early as the Yin and Shang dynasties (15th to 12th centuries BC), and there were as many as 160,000 pieces of oracle bone dedications unearthed in Anyang Xiaotun and other places alone, and the oracle bones were arranged in a certain order at that time.

The historians in charge of documents in the Zhou Dynasty had a clear division of labor, such as the external history of the four directions of the Zhi, the book of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and the name of the book in the four directions, which indicates that the Western Zhou period probably had a catalog of registered and informed documents.

In 26 BC, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty ordered Chen Nong to search for lost books, and ordered Liu Xiang, a doctor of Guanglu, to lead the school secretary. Liu Xiang school book is not finished and died, his son Liu Xin inherited his father's business, will Liu Xiang school book written by each of the narrative compiled in full into the book of 20 volumes, Liu Xin to take the book of the book of 7 volumes, species of the different into the "seven liao" 7 volumes.

Beilu is the model for the later narrative synopsis; Seven Liao created a bibliographic classification system guided by Confucianism, which had a profound impact on the later cataloging (see Beilu, Seven Liao). Xun Castor, Secretary of the Western Jin Dynasty, compiled New Book of the Middle Ages, which created a four-part bibliographic classification system based on the development of culture and academia at that time, and the changes in the number of books.

Li Chong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty compiled the "Jin Yuan Di four bibliography" will be B C two position swap, the history of the Department of the Department of the book in the son of the book before the four bibliographic classification system set by Li Chong became the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Sui and other generations of the Secret Cabinet collection of books compiled by the catalog of the perpetual system. By the *** presided over the palace collection of books for the organization and compilation of the official directory of various dynasties, such as: Tang Kaiyuan years, Yuan Xingchong and other compilers of the "group of books four records" 200 volumes, without Canh compiled "ancient and modern books" 40 volumes, Song Wang Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu, etc. edited the "General Catalogue of the Chongwen" 66 volumes, the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Gui, compiled the "Zongxing Pavilion Bibliography" 70 volumes, Zhang Pan compiled the "Zongxing Pavilion Bibliography" 30 volumes, the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shiji compiled the "Wenyuan Pavilion Books" 30 volumes, the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shiji compiled the "Wenyuan Pavilion Books" 30 volumes. Compiled by Yang Shiqi in the Ming Dynasty, "Wen Yuan Ge Bibliography" and so on.

The most outstanding representative of the official directory to push the Qing Dynasty "Siku Quanshu General Catalog", 1772 AD to Ji Yun as the chief compiler, according to Hongli will, will compile "Siku Quanshu" in the process of compilation of the synopsis of each of the books written compilation and become, which contains 3461 kinds of ancient books 79309 volumes, as well as not included in the "Siku Quanshu" of the inventory of 6,793 kinds of, 93,551 volumes, according to the scripture, history, son, collection of four bibliographic categories, It contains 3461 kinds of ancient books, 79309 volumes, and 6793 kinds of 93551 volumes which are not included in the "Sikuquan", and is arranged according to the bibliographic classification system of the four parts of the classics, history, son, and collection, with the general preface before the four parts, the small preface before the large and small categories, and the synopsis for each book, which is a summary of the ancient Chinese writings before the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Directory of the Eastern Han Ban Gu compiled Han Shu, according to Liu Xin's "seven" deleted into the "Han Shu - Arts and Letters", set up a later generation of historical books Zhi Arts and Letters of the model, the creation of the history of the directory of the new directory type, which is the earliest existing directory, but also the study of China's pre-Qin and Western Han society, academic thinking and cultural canonical condition of the important directory.

"Sui book - the book of the book" is the earliest existing second historical catalog, reflecting the situation of the survival of Chinese literature in the Middle Ages. Since then, the Old Book of Tang, the New Book of Tang, the History of the Song Dynasty, the History of Ming Dynasty, and even the Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty all have art and literature or scripture records, leaving a record of a generation's collection of books or the writings of a dynasty of people in the official history.

The catalog of private collections is an important supplement to the official catalog, which began in the Southern Song dynasty Wang Jian compiled the "seven Zhi", the bibliography follows the classification system of the "seven Liao" in the six Zhi after the addition of the chart of the Zhi, a small biography of each book under the title of the book, the precedent of the biographical summary. Liang Ruan Xiaoxu compiled "seven records", sui Xu Shanxin compiled "seven forests", the Tang dynasty Wu Jing compiled "Xizhai bibliography" and other catalogs of these private collections are mostly anonymous.

To the Song Dynasty due to the development of culture and academia, the progress of the printing business, the collection of books.

5. Brief description of the contents of the medical text

From the preparation of the outline to the final completion of this textbook after several degrees of summer. Medical ancient language is the study of Chinese medicine ancient language, cultural phenomena of a discipline, is the basic course of Chinese medicine class specialization. The purpose of the teaching of medical literature is to enable students to read the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine with the help of tools through the teaching of ancient medical literature and the basic knowledge of ancient Chinese language. At the same time, through the teaching of Medical Ancient Texts, students can understand the culture of Chinese medicine, comprehend the essence of Chinese medicine, improve their own business level, humanistic quality and moral cultivation, and lay a solid cultural foundation for learning Chinese medicine. The ancient medical texts are ancient literary texts containing the contents of medicine. In order to read and understand this aspect of the literary language, but also to learn some professional terms and other closely related to the ancient language knowledge. Therefore, the ancient language knowledge related to the ancient language of medicine is the main content of the ancient medical text. The ancient language of medicine is the basis of the foundation of Chinese medicine.

This book is divided into three parts: Selected Texts, Basic Knowledge, and Practice Tests. Each text has study points, notes, translations, and reading materials for practice.

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