Discusses Mencius's doctrine of benevolent government and people-oriented thought, and analyzes the value of Mencius's thought in the light of the historical facts of ancient Chinese dynasties.

Benevolent government: Mencius developed and adapted Confucius' theories of "rule of propriety" and "moral government" and put forward the doctrine of "benevolent government". This is the center of his political thought. Mencius's political idea of "benevolent government" was put forward in response to the political measures of "severe punishment and harsh laws" implemented by the radicals of the landlord class at that time. He opposed the reform measures advocated by Shang Yang, a reformer of the emerging landlord class at the time, who advocated active land reclamation, encouraging private land ownership, and recruiting laborers. Instead, he advocated his own vision of a "benevolent government" that would implement the feudal system in the form of the "well-field system". The "well-field system" envisioned by Mencius meant that the state distributed land to bureaucratic landowners at all levels, the so-called "distribution of land for the production of labor". The landlords then leased the land to the peasants for cultivation. This mode of production was also known as the "private for public" mode of exploitation, which was a form of exploitation with the color of serfdom at the beginning of the feudal system.

Meng Zi, on the one hand, hoped to use this land system to restrict the new landowning class from expanding their landholdings; on the other hand, he attempted to use this mode of exploitation to bind the peasants and to fix them firmly on the land for exploitation by the feudal lords. This is the essence of Mencius' "well-field system".

While Mencius was opposed to the opening up of wasteland for the expansion of private property, he nevertheless attached great importance to the development of agricultural production. He advocated the "thin enrichment, deep plowing and hoeing", to people "do not violate the agricultural season" to produce. And advocate to give the people to a certain life satisfaction, which for the development of the feudal economy, the consolidation of the feudal order is of great significance.

Meng Zi's doctrine of benevolent government also advocated the use of "virtue to convince people" in politics. According to Mencius, the use of "force" cannot convince people, but only the use of "virtue" can convince people. This is openly opposed to violence, advocating a benevolent and didactic probationary policy. His so-called "kingly way" and "benevolent government" of "the king who practiced benevolence with virtue" actually aimed to maintain the original privileges of the feudal aristocracy transformed from the slave-owning aristocracy. By advocating "benevolence" and "righteousness", Mencius' fundamental aim was to make people not to follow their king, and to try to maintain the feudal ruling order with patriarchal concepts.