National Flower of China

The Leading Group of National Flower Selection, after careful study, unanimously agreed that "peony" is the national flower of China. The other popular flowers, orchids (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemums (fall) and plum blossoms (winter) are the famous flowers of the four seasons in China.

So, orchids (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemums (autumn), plum (winter) four seasons are divided into Shaohua main,

China currently has no national flower.

China's flower resources are very rich, there are two or three thousand years of cultivation history, is the world's many

Species of valuable flowers in the origin of the center, with the "mother of the world's gardens," the reputation of the mother. China's traditional flowers, such as plum blossoms, peonies, chrysanthemums, orchids, azaleas, camellias, etc., have long been

received a good reputation in the world, and more far-reaching in the country, and China's long and rich and splendid

culture and art have a close connection, so that poems and paintings through the ages appeared in a colorful and beautiful situation of beautiful flowers and flowers.

In the many famous flowers, to find out which - or several kinds of flowers can best represent the spiritual characteristics of the Chinese nation

as a symbol of national stability, national prosperity, thus promoting the two cultural

Ming construction, invigorate the national spirit, and establish the national enterprising spirit and sense of pride! To be the majority of people

people to think seriously, choose.

Reviewing the history of modern history, whether it is the proclamation of peony

as the national flower at the end of the Qing Empire; or around 1929, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Education of the National Government jointly issued a circular order

nationally, proclaiming the plum blossom as the national flower, are all the top-down order action.

After the founding of New China, for various reasons, failed to determine the national flower. The party's eleventh

Third Plenary Session of the Third Plenary Session, with China's reform and opening up, economic development, social progress and the people's needs for culture continue to improve, discuss the selection of the national flower of the call quietly four

up.

Recalling the fall and winter of l981, some famous botanists strongly supported the initiative

national discussion of the national flower. To this end, in l982, the plant magazine by the Chinese plant

Botanical Society of China commissioned to carry out the selection of China's national flower discussion. Xinhua News Agency, China Central Television (CCTV),

Central People's Broadcasting Station (CPB) made publicity introduction one after another, which led to

a strong reaction among the general public. From children to the elderly for the selection of the national flower poems and paintings, overflowing with deep

thick patriotism and the pursuit of a better future mood. 1983 October in China

State Botanical Society on the fiftieth anniversary of the General Assembly, all on behalf of more than 400 botanical

workers to love the motherland with passion, to the National People's Congress Standing Committee to

present recommendations, the National People's Congress Standing Committee

to the National People's Congress, to the National People's Congress Standing Committee. p>

The proposal was made to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, hoping that the national flower of our country could be formally determined as early as possible; and according to the request of the general public, it was suggested

that the national flower to be elected could be considered among the four kinds of flowers, namely, Plum, Peony, Chrysanthemum and Lotus. He

also suggested that, while determining the national flower of our country, we should promote the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to determine the

provincial, district and municipal flowers, so as to combine patriotism and love of home, and to make our country

a paradise of splendid flowers.

For more than a decade, more than 140 cities are known to have their own city flowers and trees, which

these cities closely

combine the city flowers and trees with the city's economic construction, environmental protection, and beautification of the city, and promote environmental transformation and economic construction. The city flower exhibitions, international flower festivals or academic conferences held in various places with flowers as the medium have directly promoted greening construction and flower production, thus

bringing economic prosperity.

There are 3 municipalities, 24 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 192 prefectural-level cities,

382 county-level cities, 118 districts (Meng), 30 autonomous regions, 1,596 counties, 120 autonomous

counties, 51 flags, 3 autonomous flags, 3 special zones, and 7 prefectural-level cities in Taiwan Province

16 counties. So far most cities and counties have not identified a city flower or city

tree that represents local characteristics. If in the next few years all cities, counties, towns can have their own characteristics of the city flower, city

tree, on the beautification of the motherland, the greening of the motherland, will be of great significance.

In recent years, the masses generally hope that the Chinese Botanical Society, the Chinese Society of Forestry, the Chinese Garden

Art Society, the China Flower Association and the relevant newspapers and magazines initiated a further in-depth publicity of the national flower of the

importance of the motherland to sing the praises of the grass and trees. All the people together to choose their own flower as

the national flower of the great motherland.

September 2, 1994, the China Flower Association held a press conference in the Great Hall of the People, announced

Bu in the country to carry out the selection of the national flower activities, the National People's Congress, vice chairman of the Chen Muhua made a speech titled

"Let the national flower as early as possible to salivate" speech points out the significance of the selection of the national flower:

(1) to stimulate the masses of people love the motherland, love the hometown enthusiasm. Through the song

Glorification of the motherland's flowers, plants and trees, the election of the favorite flowers, to express their love for the motherland

nation, the hometown.

(2) To inspire people to devote themselves to the cause of building the motherland and a better home. Flowers

Flowers not only have economic benefits, but also have unique social and environmental benefits. Through

The selection of the national flower activities, to promote each city gradually to determine their own city flower, city tree

down, on the greening of the motherland, the role of beautification of the homeland will be greater, our motherland will

become a colorful garden.

(3) to further enhance the understanding of the importance of the development of the flower industry and the need. Flowers

In China's agriculture is an ancient and emerging industry, China's floriculture history of up to

3000 years. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the flourishing development of the floriculture industry, and gradually become

a new industry; flowers and people's daily life more and more closely related to people's living

living and working environment improved, and the spirit of the outlook is also very different. But at present, many people on this

insufficient knowledge, the need to vigorously publicize, so that leaders at all levels, departments attach importance to and support

Support the development of the floricultural industry.

(4) Popularize the knowledge of flowers, cultivate the love of flowers, flower interest, and advocate the love of flowers, flower

is a sign of social civilization and progress. Our country has always had a good tradition of loving and raising flowers. After years of diligent cultivation by horticulturists, ten famous flowers such as plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, moon season, azalea,

tea, lotus, osmanthus and narcissus are famous all over the world and have become

great treasures in the field of horticulture. By carrying out the selection of the national flower, it is necessary to let people know more about flowers, cultivate the love of

flowers and interest in keeping flowers, and promote the entry of flowers into all households.

According to the second session of the eighth National People's Congress in 1994, No. 0440 "on the evaluation of our national flower as soon as possible

Determination of the proposal" motion, transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture for processing, and tasked the China Flower Association is responsible for the specific organization. China Flower Association, that is, in the country with leadership and organization to carry out a wide range of deep

into the selection of the national flower activities. The National Flower Selection Leading Group was set up, and the conditions for the selection of the national flower of China were determined by a panel of experts as follows:

(1) Having a long history of cultivation and strong adaptability, having influence in most parts of China, and occupying a leading position in the

international arena.

(2) Flower posture, flower color and other characteristics can reflect the excellent traditions and character traits of the Chinese nation.

(3) Wide range of uses, enjoyable for the general public, with high social,

environmental and economic benefits.

Since the China Flower Association organized and led the national flower discussion in all parts of the country to

Chinese Flower Newspaper published many famous people and the general public on the selection of the national

Flower launched a heated discussion of the news. According to China Flower News, the types of flowers that have been nominated as candidates for China's national flower are: plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, moonflower, azalea, camellia, lotus, osmanthus, Chinese daffodil, pomegranate, waxberry, spring, peach

flower, yingshanhong, monarch orchid, daylily, camellia, gold tea, gold-bordered ruexandra, zoysia, mast flower, dove tree, bunch of red and yingyong flower, and so on. , a cascade of red and hibiscus flowers and dozens of other species. After nearly ten months of discussion

The task has been successfully completed.

According to the results reported by 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (including Shenzhen SAR), there are l8 provinces in favor of one country-flower

(peony), accounting for 58.06%. In favor of a country with four flowers (peony, plum blossom,

chrysanthemum and lotus), there are 11 provinces, accounting for 35.48%. Two provinces proposed a new four-flower

program, i.e., orchid for lotus, accounting for 6.45%. The National Leading Group of National Flower Selection unanimously agreed that "peony" should be the national flower of China after

serious study. Other popular flowers such as orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (fall) and plum blossom (winter) are the famous flowers of the four seasons in China.

So, orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn), plum (winter) are the main flowers of the four seasons, and

the leader of all flowers is peony. The national flower and the famous flowers of the four seasons form a star-crowded situation, which is not more

reflective of the prosperity of the Chinese nation, honesty and chastity, and the noble spirit of the Chinese people.

The results and details of the above selection will be reported by the Ministry of Agriculture in accordance with procedures. Mass

National Flower

China's National Flower--Peony

Chile's National Flower--Lily

Britain's National Flower--Rose (Moonflower)

Italy's National Flower--Daisy

New Zealand's National Flower--Spinulose Fern, Silver Fern

Singapore's National Flower--Johkasin Vandaigarana

Spain's National Flower --Pomegranate

Tanzania's national flower - lilac

Thailand's national flower - water lily

Bangladesh's flower - water lily

Egypt's national flower - water lily

Japan's national flower - cherry blossom Mexico's national flower - cactus

USA's national flower - rose of the mountain plant

Kenya's national flower - kenzan orchid

Netherlands National Flower - Tulip

Turkey National Flower - Tulip

Korea National Flower - Mulberry Flower

France National Flower - Warbler's Tail

Russia National Flower - Sunflower

Germany National Flower - Cornflower

Australia National Flower - Acacia

Brazil National Flower - Tropical Orchid, Hairy Crabapple Orchid

Other more ......

Afghanistan: Tulip

Algeria: Iris, Australian Oleander

United Arab Emirates: Peacockweed, Larkspur

Argentina: Ivory Red

Austria: Flameweed

Azania: Brahmi

Belgium: Rhododendron, Moonflower, Yume

Bhutan: Artemisia verticillata

Bolivia: Cantuca

Bulgaria: Turk's Rose

Myanmar: Longboatrice

Colombia: Three-way Cattleya

Costa Rica. Cuba: ginger flower

Denmark: wood spring chrysanthemum

Ecuador: ligustrum

Ecuador: ligustrum

Ethiopia: calla lily

Fiji: fuschia

Finland: lily of the valley

Greece: violet

Honduras: balsam fir

Liechtenstein: orange-flowering bead-budded lily

Hungary: tulips

India: lotus

Indonesia: woolly jasmine

Iraq: moonflower

Iran: Turk's rose, bellflower tulip

Ireland: white axerophilus Israel: silver lily

Cambodia: water lily

Latvia: oxeye daisy

Lithuania: Rue

Guyana: Water lily

Libya: Pomegranate

Laos: Eggplant

Luxembourg: Moonflower

Korea: Red azalea

Madagascar: Traveler's plantain

Malaysia: Fuchsia

Malta: Cornflower

Morocco: Moonflower, Fragrant bamboo <

Nicaragua: ginger flower

Nepal: tree azalea

Monaco: balsam fir

Pakistan: veggie chime

Peru: sunflower, cantuca

Philippines: hairy jasmine

Poland: pansy

Portugal: lavender

Romania: dog rose

Switzerland: Fireweed

South Africa: Creeping Bulrush

Sweden: Lily of the Valley

Guatemala: Ricastellan

Zimbabwe: Kahlrabi

Municipal Flowers

Beijing ------------- Chrysanthemums Sanming ------------- Azalea

Luoyang- ----------- Peony Jinan ------------- Lotus

Nanjing ------------- Plum Blossom Shaoxing ------------- Orchid

Zhangzhou ------------- Narcissus Quanzhou ------------- Acanthus

Hangzhou --------- ---- Osmanthus Hong Kong ------------- Bauhinia

Changzhou ------------- Pomegranate Shanghai ------------- Magnolia

Tianjin ------------- Moonflower Wuhan ------------- Plum Blossom

Xuzhou ------------- Ziwei Fuzhou ------------- jasmine

Guangzhou ------------- kapok Taipei ------------- azalea

Kunming ------------- camellia Shenyang ------------- rose

Chengdu ------------- hibiscus Changchun ---- --------- Monarchs

Xiamen ------------- delphinium Zhanjiang ------------- Bauhinia

Shantou ------------- phoenix wood Dongchuan ------------- Magnolia

Zhenjiang ------------- Lapis lazuli Yueyang ----- -------- gardenia

Harbin ----------- lilac Zhangjiakou ----------- dahlia

Peony Perennial deciduous small shrubs are slow-growing, small plants, plant height is mostly between 0.5 and 2 meters; root fleshy, thick and long, the center of the lignification, the length of the general in the 0.5 to 0.8 meters, a very small number of root length up to 2 meters. The color of root skin and root flesh varies according to species; branches are erect and brittle, rounded, clustered into several branches from the rootstock and become shrubby, the current year's branches are smooth, herbaceous, yellowish-brown, and often cracked and flaked; leaves are alternate, and the leaf blades are usually ternary and ternary compound, and the upper part of the branches are often simple, and the small leaf blades have the shapes of lanceolate, ovate, and elliptic, etc., and the terminal leaflet is often 2-3-lobed, and the upper part of the leaf is dark green or yellowish-green, and the lower part of the leaf is grayish-green, smooth or hairy; the total leaf is smooth or hairy, and the total leaf is grayish green, and the upper part of the branch is often single. Smooth or hairy; total petiole length of 8-20 cm, surface grooves; flowers solitary in the current year at the top of the branch, bisexual, flowers large and colorful, beautiful and colorful, flower program for: ♂ * K5C ∞ G2-5: 1: 2-5, flower diameter 10-30 cm; flower color white, yellow, pink, red, purple-red, purple, ink violet (black), snow green (powder blue), green, compound color ten big colors; androgynophore often petalization phenomenon, the petal natural The degree of increase and petalization of stamens and pistils is related to varieties, cultivation environmental conditions, years of growth, etc.; most of the stamens of normal flowers, strong seed-bearing force, seed maturity is also high, and the flowers with serious gynoecium petalization, fewer seeds or no seeds, complete flowers with free stamens, generally 5 carpels, rarely 8, each with a vase-shaped ovary a room, marginal placentation, most ovules, the bone of the fruit is pentagonal, and each fruit corner of the seed is 7 to 13, the seed class is round, and at maturity it is 7 to 13. The seeds are round, *** yellow when mature, and become black-brown when old, the diameter of mature seeds is 0.6-0.9 cm, and the weight of one thousand grains is about 400 grams.

After peony has been changed from wild to domestic species, due to the change of environmental conditions and the continuous breeding and cultivation by man, in addition to the variations in flower color, flower type, and early and late flowering, there are also variations in the form of plants, the length and thickness of roots, and the color and shape of leaves, etc.

/numerous other species of peonies are grown in the wild, such as peony, peony, peony, peony, peony, peony, and peony.

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The national flower of China has not been finalized. There are two alternatives: the peony and the plum blossom

References are as follows:

China has not yet decided on a national flower in the modern sense, and there is hesitation among the Chinese authorities as to whether the peony, which is found in the Yellow River valley, or the plum blossom, which is found in the Yangtze River valley, should be the national flower. The peony symbolizes elegance and nobility, which is not quite in line with the current state of the country's economy and the government's propaganda of "thrift", while the plum blossom symbolizes perseverance and introversion, which is a slight departure from the country's policy of openness. These conflicting philosophies seem to be at work behind the uncertainty about the national flower

Wu Zetian was China's only female emperor. Legend has it that once when she was enjoying the snow, she told her entourage that she wanted to see a hundred flowers blooming in the snowy sky. As the saying goes, there must be flatterers around the powerful, so one of the attendants said to her, "Your Majesty, you only need to let the Hundred Flowers Fairy, who is in charge of the opening of the hundred flowers, give the order." Wu Zetian then summoned the Hundred Flower Fairies and ordered the opening of a hundred flowers. The Hundred Flower Fairies held an urgent meeting to denounce the interference of the earthly emperor in the fairy world. But in the face of power, all the hundred flowers yielded and competed to open in winter, except the Peony Fairy who persisted in her opposition. In a fit of rage, Wu Zetian ordered the peonies in the city of Chang'an to be burned down in a single fire.

The story of the blossoming of a hundred flowers shows that greenhouse cultivation technology was already available in Chang'an at that time, and it has been proved that flowers could open in winter; at the same time, it can be interpreted as Wu Zetian's antipathy to peonies, the symbolic flower of the Tang Dynasty.

Bai Juyi praised the peony in "Peony Fang": "The peony blossoms and falls for twenty days, and the people of a city are all crazy". This shows that the world's love for peonies at that time had reached a degree of madness. Some peonies were called "Yang Guifei's Deep Drunkenness" and "Tai Zhen Guan", etc. Comparing peonies with Yang Guifei was not only to glorify Yang Guifei, but also a means for the descendants of Li Tang to promote the subjectivity and traditions of the dynasty that had been destroyed by Wu Zetian. From this, it can be seen that since ancient times, when there was no concept of a national flower, the peony has in fact played the role of China's national flower. For the Chinese, the significance of the peony has gone beyond the flower itself and has become a part of their spiritual life.

The Hall of National Flowers, located in the Temple of Ultimate Bliss in Beijing, was a good place to see peonies during the Ming Dynasty. Although it was not the national flower, the peony garden in the Jokhang Temple was named the Hall of National Flowers, probably because peonies were loved by the emperor and the common people down to the lowest level.

According to the motion No. 0440 of the second session of the eighth session of the National People's Congress in 1994, which was "on the suggestion of evaluating the national flower of our country as soon as possible", it was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture for processing, and the China Flower Association (CFA) was responsible for the concrete organization of the event. The China National Flower Association (CNFA) then carried out a broad and in-depth selection of the national flower in a leading and organized manner throughout the country. A leading group for the selection of the national flower was set up, and the conditions for the selection of the national flower of China were determined by a panel of experts as follows:

(1) Having a long history of cultivation and strong adaptability, it is influential in most parts of the country, and occupies a leading position in the international arena.

(2) Flower posture, flower color and other characteristics can reflect the excellent traditions and character traits of the Chinese nation.

(3) Wide range of uses, enjoyable for the general public, with high social, environmental and economic benefits.

Since the China Flower Association has organized and led the discussion on the national flower all over the country, China Flower News has published the news that many famous people and the general public have warmly discussed the selection of the national flower. According to China Flower News, the types of flowers that have been nominated as candidates for China's national flower include plum blossoms, peonies, chrysanthemums, orchids, moonflowers, azaleas, camellias, lotuses, osmanthus, Chinese daffodils, pomegranates, wax myrtle, spring, peach blossoms, ying shan hong, monarch orchid, daylilies, golden tea, gold-bordered rueyang, ziwei, mast flowers, dove trees (dove tree), and bunches of hibiscus and ying hong flowers, among tens of other types of flowers. After nearly ten months of discussion, has successfully completed the task.

According to the results reported by 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (including Shenzhen SAR), in favor of one country-flower

(peony), there are 18 provinces, accounting for 58.06%. In favor of a country with four flowers (peony, plum blossom, chrysanthemum and lotus), there were 11 provinces, accounting for 35.48%. Two provinces proposed a new four-flower program, i.e., orchids for lotus, accounting for 6.45%. After careful study, the Leading Group of National Flower Selection unanimously agreed that "peony" is the national flower of China. The other popular flowers, orchids (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemums (fall) and plum blossoms (winter) are the famous flowers of the four seasons in China. Thus, orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum (winter) are the main flowers of the four seasons, and peony is the leader of all flowers. The national flower and the famous flowers of the four seasons form a star-crossed moon situation, which is not more reflective of the prosperity of the Chinese nation, cleanliness and chastity, and the noble spirit.