What are the characteristics of residential architecture and local natural environment in the northeast region?

What are the residential architectural features and local natural environment in the Northeast as follows.

Ordinary residential houses in the Northeast are still dominated by pocket houses, cellars and horse frames.

1, pocket houses, wanji kang, chimneys out of the ground", covering the traditional residential characteristics of the Manchu people.

The old Manchu house is generally three, five, north to south, most of the east side of the door, shaped like a pocket, commonly known as the "pocket room". The west side is the bedroom, built with south, north and west kang, known as "Wanji kang". The west side of the kang is so narrow that it should strictly be called the "fire wall", and above it is a place for offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors. Outside the wall, the chimney above the eaves seems to grow out of the ground.

2, "cellar", the earliest refers to the Herzhe people in the winter cold living in the original residence.

The method of cover is to dig a two to five feet deep pit on the ground, the width of the surrounding area according to the family size. The top of the pit with two thick wood support "human" beam, on top of the whisk and grass, and then cultivate a thick soil to stabilize. Inside the house, there are some paving, some set up a kang, doors and windows are usually located in the sunny side.

3, "horse frame", was the Hezhe, Xibo and other ethnic groups in the cellar on the basis of the development of a traditional living room.

Ridge lifting frame low, between the shack and the main house, adobe walls, grass, bitter roof, doors and windows open in the south wall. Northeast is now also known as the "horse frame" of the humble housing, supported by trees, laying branches, smeared with grass mud, indoor low floor, close to the fire on the ground for warmth, outside the saddle shape, so the name of the "horse frame", also known as the "hut". The "hut" is also called the "hut".

4, "handful of Luozi", is the living mode of Ewenki people. As the Ewenki people in the big mountain forests make a living by raising deer and hunting, the building of the house will be chosen to meet the dynamic infinitive.

The wall is surrounded by strips of wooden boards, and five or six triangular wooden boards are used to put up the roof of the house, which is covered with bark or animal fur to prevent the cold, and the fire is built inside to keep the house warm. Around the house, with a fence enclosure deer. Tall warehouses, in addition to meet the needs of their own families, but also for hunters with the help of ladders to extract emergency. Several families neighboring companions, forming a colony, mutual assistance, interaction.

5, "short house", by the Korean Peninsula immigrants in the northeast of China's Korean people's residential symbols.

Each house has three to four doors, each door is also a window, and each piece of land is also a bed. The house is not too high, so you take off your shoes and sit on the ground. The house is not too high, and the low height of the house not only saves the raw materials for building, but also helps to get the best effect of keeping warm in the house. The cleanliness and hygiene of the house reflects the hard work and wisdom of the Korean people.

Characteristics of the residence:

1, residence style.

The majority of the population in the Northeast region is Han Chinese, and the most typical residential style is the three-roomed house that sits on the north-south, east-west arrangement. The east side of the room is called the east house, the west side of the room is called the west house. Between the east and west houses, in addition to placing some sundries, is mainly used as a kitchen, generally built two big pots of stove, burning wood to cook when the smoke and fire through the two sides of the house in the kang, into a wisp of smoke, cooked food also provides heating.

2, residential toward.

Basically, the residential houses in the northeast are located in the north and south. Sit in the north and south of the house is called the main house, face east or west of the house is called the room. In the main house at both ends of the house to build a room to form a courtyard. The rows of houses facing south and north were continued to form a square courtyard.

3, residential structure.

The walls and roofs of the houses in the Northeast are gradually changed from adobe thatch to brick and wood. Whether it is a deep forest, along the river, or the plains, the windows of ordinary homes are usually relatively small day less, the window pane is usually made of thin wooden strips spelled out into a tic-tac-toe grid and then glued on the windowpaper. Although, most of the later replaced with glass windows, many people have to cover the window with plastic film to winter cold.

4, residential support.

Ordinary residential house door is not big, the courtyard door is not small. The shape of the courtyard door seems to be arbitrary, but also has its own flavor. In front of the courtyard, every family also has a "fertilizer does not leave outsiders field", "outsiders emergency is very convenient" thatched toilet (dry toilet). The yard has a lot of functions, such as raising poultry, planting vegetables, building grain silos, building warehouses, etc..

The Northeast "eight strange" had a precise description of the residence: "window paper paste outside, the girl dangling dry tobacco bag, big jar small jar pickles, feed the children hanging up, winter bag of beans to speak of ghosts and monsters, turn over wearing a fur coat hair outward, sod house fence cottage, the dog's skin hat head wear! "

"Window paper paste outside" is said to be two pieces of kraft paper in the middle of the net-like hemp rope, paste to the window pane, and then evenly coated with soybean oil, to be dry paper will not be afraid of the wind and rain. The "sod house fence cottage" is said to be more than a meter high hollow goat grass cut all the roots, mixed with mud and water to dry in the sun and then spread on the roof to prevent rain and snow. And then split the small, untalented trees to make a fence, forming a unique yard.

The Northeast is located in China's temperate humid, semi-humid monsoon climate zone, four distinct seasons, rain and heat at the same time. Winter is cold and dry, summer is warm and hot and rainy, heat and moisture with coordination. In order to drain the water, the roof of the house has a large slope. In order to prevent the cold, the house walls are thick and the windows are small, which is closely related to the local natural environment.

From the point of view of terrain characteristics: the northeast region of the terrain to the mountains, plains, rivers are dominated by three sides of the mountains, the middle of the plains, the terrain is flat, the vast land makes in the construction of the house are also embodied in the atmosphere, simplicity, bold and other characteristics.