How are Japanese comics made?

The first step of making animation: the scriptwriter writes the script according to the plan. The content in the script should fully reflect the author's intention and follow the composition rules of audio-visual products. The content includes the actions of the characters. Dancing skills and lines in different backgrounds are the most basic things in animation. Second, drawing is to draw the script into a picture according to the script and the instructions of the painter and director. The function of these drawings is to become the design drawings of future works, including pictures, lines, sound effects and time calculation. All people in the industry can see it at a glance, and the content of the story is basically clear. Third, painting and animation is a very complicated job. First of all, we should plan and write scripts, and at the same time, we should "design" good characters and "set" their specific images. "Design" means to consider what kind of role to create, and "setting" means to consider what kind of expression and posture to choose, so that animators can express their own characteristics more easily. After drawing the picture, it is necessary to design the layout. Of course, this also needs to be based on pictures. Layout design refers to the work of putting pictures into layout paper reasonably according to the actual broadcast situation of TV. After everything is ready, the original painting director, action and animation inspection procedures will be carried out to gradually complete the animation effect of the characters. In addition, it is necessary to record the time required for each action of the role. 4. Post-processing Post-processing is very complicated. After the cartoonist has set the characters, he must decide what color to use to represent them. At the same time, he must also consider the harmony of all colors and backgrounds in the picture. After that, the decided colors will be sorted into the color designation table, so that all staff engaged in post-processing will have a copy, so that there will be no mistakes. The next step is to decide the animation color of the animation. Even the same character, the color brightness is different in different occasions, so we should consider what color tone is best for different pictures. After these preparations are completed, the pencil lines in the animation should be replaced with colors. This work must use the professional color of cartoon production. You can use fuzzy, shadow. Special effects such as highlighting can also use the "empty brush" technology. After painting, you have to go through a color test. If there is no problem, you can record it in the background. 5. Recording this job is to overlap the finished picture with the background, and then record it on film. When recording, use a camera group specially used for animation, which is called a photography platform. Through this photography platform, we record one by one according to the director's arrangement. The specific operation includes the operation of combining the picture background with the camera. Through this unit, various camera skills and special effects have been created. Sixth, the background work of background production also has the following points: First, according to the style of the whole work, the theme to be expressed should be set in the whole art. This job is to put color in the work; And the shape of the props. When these backgrounds were moved into the layout design, they were renamed as "original background pictures" as the blueprint for TV broadcasting. Because these backgrounds are all ordinary advertising colors, ordinary drawing paper is enough. When making the background, although some special techniques are sometimes used, most of them still use hand-drawn to show the light and shade effect. After the background system is completed, it must be tested by the artist before it can be recorded with the picture. The main points are ◎ project introduction-customer needs, main complaints, communication and exchange between producers. ◎ Conceptual design-the pre-production of professional animation process commonly used in the industry, including the two-dimensional design of animation scenes, characters and props drawn according to the script and the positioning of the overall animation style (tone, rhythm, artistic conception, clay sculpture-Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, Hulk, etc. ), which provides reference for the later three-dimensional production. ◎ Split-shot storyboard-The actual split-shot works are based on the creative script of the text, hand-painted pictures to construct the picture, explain the movement of the lens, tell the story, and provide reference for the subsequent three-dimensional production. ◎ Rough model-The modeler makes rough models of story scenes, characters and props in 3D software to prepare for the story layout. ◎ 3D storyboard-According to the script and storyboard, make 3D storyboard with 3D rough model. Including camera position arrangement, basic animation, lens time customization and other knowledge. ◎ 3D Character Modeling \3D Scene \ Prop Model-According to the conceptual design and the comprehensive opinions of customers, producers and directors, the model is accurately made in 3D software, which is all the "actors" in the final animated film. ◎ Texture material —— According to the conceptual design and the comprehensive opinions of customers, producers and directors, it is an essential and important link in the animation production process to "make up" the 3D model and set the color, texture and texture. ◎ Skeleton skin-According to the storyline analysis, some deformation and action-driven settings are made for the models (mainly characters) that need animation in 3D, so as to prepare for the animators and provide animation solutions. ◎ Split-shot animation-referring to the script and split-shot storyboard, the animator will make performance animation of each shot for the character or other objects that need to be moved according to the shots and time of the layout, or by manually setting key frames or using motion capture equipment. Animation adjustment is a way of thinking similar to two-dimensional animation in three-dimensional animation, but three-dimensional animation has great advantages in this work. We know that there are "original painters" and "animators or Chinese paintings" when making two-dimensional animation. In the world of three-dimensional animation, designers do the work of "original painters", and we operate the skeletal system to set animation at different key frames. All the work of the "animator" is done automatically by the computer. ◎ Lighting —— According to the style orientation of the previous conceptual design, the lighting engineer illuminates the animation scene, describes it in detail, fine-tunes the materials, and grasps the rendering atmosphere of each shot. ◎ 3D special effects-according to specific stories, produced by special effects artists. Several practical production and expression methods of water, smoke, fog, fire and light effects in 3D software (maya). ◎ Layered rendering/compositing —— After animation and lighting are completed, the renderers render each shot file in layers according to the opinions of the post-compositing personnel, and provide layers and channels for compositing. ◎ Dubbing soundtrack —— The script design requires that professional dubbing artists dub according to the camera lens, with appropriate background music and various sound effects according to the plot. The music of a movie can be composed or selected. The difference between the two is that if you compose music, the film will have unique music, which can be perfectly combined with the picture, but it will be more expensive; If you choose a song, it will be more economical in terms of cost, but other movies may also use this song. Narrator and dialogue were completed at this time. After the narration and dialogue, after the music, the sound editor will match various sound effects for the advertisement. At this point, all the elements of the sound part of an advertisement are ready. The last process is to adjust the volume of all the above elements to a suitable position and synthesize them together. This is the last step in the production of advertising films. After this step is completed, the commercial is completed. Post-editing-Using the rendered images of each layer, the post-editing staff will synthesize a complete film and edit it into different versions according to different needs and opinions of customers, producers and directors. As for the cost of making animation, you can give an example. ※. An animation with more than 20 episodes and 22 minutes will cost about 3 million yuan. If the quality is higher, it will be much more than that.