Characteristics of Ancient Civilization in China

China's traditional culture is extensive and profound, so it is not easy to analyze its cultural characteristics in detail. The Chinese civilization with a long history of 5,000 years has given birth to countless wisdom crystals, and the splendid Chinese civilization is also thriving, so I intend to analyze the characteristics of ancient Chinese civilization represented by Chinese civilization in different periods.

1. The culture of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in which a hundred schools of thought contend.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was a period of great social change in China from slavery to feudalism. The development of productive forces and social changes marked by the use of ironware and the popularization of Niu Geng became the premise and condition for the great development of science, technology and culture in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It has made advanced achievements in the fields of astronomy, physics and medicine. At the same time, with the disintegration of slavery and the formation of feudal system, great changes have taken place in class relations. The fierce struggle between old and new forces has promoted the activity of academic thoughts, forming a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contend", and a large number of thinkers such as Laozi, Confucius, Mozi and Han Feizi have emerged. Literary and artistic achievements in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were brilliant.

2. Unified culture of Qin and Han Dynasties

During the Qin and Han dynasties, political unity, social stability, feudal economic development, close relations among ethnic groups at home and active exchanges between China and foreign countries promoted the development of culture. The culture of Qin and Han dynasties is extensive and profound, and has made outstanding achievements in the fields of science and technology, astronomical calendar, mathematics, medicine and papermaking. , has made brilliant achievements; In the ideological field, Confucianism is in a dominant position, and Wang Chong's materialism is sharply opposed to it, forming two completely different philosophical views; Buddhism was introduced, Taoism was formed, and ancient religions formed a new pattern; In terms of history and literature and art, historical masterpieces such as Historical Records, Han Fu and Yuefu are magnificent and outstanding.

3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties culture.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, national division, national integration and cultural development showed the characteristics of connecting the preceding with the following. Great achievements have been made in science, technology and culture during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, such as Pi and Qi Shu. In the ideological field, Ge Hong reformed Taoism in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Tao Hongjing established the Taoist immortal system. Buddhism is very popular because of social unrest, people's hardships and the paralyzing effect of religion. While Buddhism flourished, there also appeared anti-Buddhist thoughts, such as Fan Zhen's theory of destroying gods, and the two exterminations of Buddhism by Emperor Tai of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The literary and artistic achievements in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties also amazed future generations.

4. Prosperous Sui and Tang culture

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China had a vast territory, unified north and south, developed economy and frequent cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. On the basis of inheriting the previous culture and absorbing foreign culture, people of all ethnic groups have jointly created splendid culture. In terms of science and technology, the achievements of block printing and the invention of gunpowder showed that the scientific and technological level of China was in the forefront of the world at that time. The main literary achievement of the Tang Dynasty was poetry, and China's classical poetry entered a golden age. Sculpture, painting, calligraphy and music shine through the ages. The culture of the Tang Dynasty is inherited, open, compatible and advanced.

5. Highly prosperous Song and Yuan culture

The Northern Song Dynasty ended the separatist regime of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, strengthened centralization, continued economic development on the basis of the "prosperous period of Sui and Tang Dynasties", completed the shift of focus to the south, and laid the foundation for cultural prosperity. During this period, the national political power coexisted, ethnic integration was strengthened, and the cultures of all ethnic groups developed together. The completion and spread of the three great inventions of printing, compass and gunpowder, and the scientific and technological achievements of Shen Kuo and Guo Shoujing have greatly promoted the development of world civilization. The prosperity of Neo-Confucianism and the brilliant achievements of Song Ci and Yuan Qu once again proved the profoundness of China's ancient culture.

6. Inheritance and rebirth of Ming and Qing cultures

The Ming and Qing dynasties were in the late feudal society, and the centralization of absolutism was unprecedentedly strengthened politically. Economically, with the development of commodity economy, capitalism sprouted. The culture of this period presents the characteristics of connecting the past with the future and bringing forth the new. In the field of science and technology, comprehensive scientific and technological works have come out one after another; In the ideological field, the feudal rulers' official philosophy, Neo-Confucianism and Mind Studies have successively occupied a dominant position, but the early democratic enlightenment thoughts with anti-feudal colors have also developed day by day, and progressive thinkers such as Li Zhi, Huang Zongxi, Gu and Wang Fuzhi have emerged, reflecting the objective requirements of the slow development of capitalism. Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties developed vigorously and occupied an important position in the history of China and world literature development. With the introduction of western culture, the situation of western learning spreading to the east began to appear.

Having finished the long history of ancient China, I suddenly returned to the present. Nowadays, the rapid development of society makes people realize the benefits of scientific and technological progress brought by civilization, but some people will doubt whether the splendid history of ancient civilization is still helping us in such a highly developed modern country, and the answer is of course yes. No matter now or in the future, no matter how perfect the social development is, China's ancient civilization with a long history will have an inestimable impact on society.

1. China's self-development needs ancient civilization. History and reality have proved that the revitalization of a nation begins with the revival of culture. Only by occupying a certain share in world culture can we become a cultural power. Only a cultural power can become a world power. China is one of the cradles of human civilization, and the four great inventions of ancient China have made great contributions to the world. However, in recent hundreds of years, China has gradually fallen behind, showing a serious deficit in foreign cultural exchanges. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the situation of China's foreign cultural exchange and dissemination has changed day by day, but the problem of serious cultural exchange deficit has not been fundamentally changed; At the same time, the increasing input of foreign cultures into China has made the situation even more severe. Undoubtedly, if China wants to become a powerful socialist country, it must be politically, economically and culturally powerful.

2. China's external development needs ancient civilization At present, the spread and influence of China culture on the world is far from the connotation and strength of China culture itself. Except the Great Wall, most foreigners think that China is a giant panda and Kung Fu, but they know little about the essence of China culture and the progress China has made in recent years. In fact, there are many top cultural products in China, but too few are exported abroad. We have a serious deficit in book trade, audio-visual products and electronic publications, as well as in the "export" of language education. Therefore, spreading China's ancient civilization to the world will not only further enhance China's international status, but also make Chinese civilization influence the world, thus changing the world with China's own things.

In a word, China's ancient civilization is extensive and profound, and it is a rare treasure in world history. Carrying forward China's traditional culture and civilization will surely make China forge ahead in the historical trend!