Geography in the second semester of the eighth grade sujiao revision outline

Geography eighth grade geography second semester general review points

1. China's most well-preserved primitive tropical rainforests in Hainan Province and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province. The terrain along the Yangtze River in China is generally low and flat, with plains and hills dominating the terrain.

2. China's Qinling --- Huaihe River line roughly with 800mm annual precipitation line and January 0 ℃ isothermal line. It is also the demarcation line between the wet and dry regions of China, the demarcation line between the warm temperate zone and the subtropical zone, and the demarcation line between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

3. The main crops in the southern part of China are sugar cane and rice; in the northern part of the country are wheat and cotton. Traditional dwellings are characterized by high walls and steep slopes in the south and thick walls and small slopes in the north.

4. Lovely tropical rainforest animals in Xishuangbanna include green peacocks, long-billed hornbills, long-tailed apes, and Asian elephants. The important problem faced in the ecological construction of the Loess Plateau is that there are too many people and too little land.

5. China's temperature distribution is characterized by a large temperature difference between the north and south in winter, and generally high temperatures in the north and south in summer. The wonders of the famous tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna include the sky-watching tree, plate-like roots, one-tree forests, and strangler plants.

6. China's inland seas include the Bohai Sea and the Qiongzhou Strait. The Taiwan Strait belongs to the East China Sea. The minorities in Taiwan are the Gaoshan.

7. The Yangtze River is China's "golden waterway", with 80,000 km of navigable mileage on its main and tributary streams. The Yangtze River in China stretches along the river from Shanghai in the east to Panzhihua in Sichuan Province in the west, and extends for more than 3,000 kilometers from east to west, making it a typical "belt-shaped" area.

8. China's northwest terrain to the plateau, basin-based. The largest desert in China is the Taklamakan Desert. Yardang landforms formed by wind action are common in the northwest of China.

9. China is known as the "Kingdom of Tropical Animals" is Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province. The grand traditional festival of the Dai people is the Water Splashing Festival. The pillar industry of Xishuangbanna is tourism.

10. Xishuangbanna is known as the oasis on the Tropic of Cancer because other places are affected by the subtropical high pressure, drought and little rain, while the local monsoon climate is affected by rain and heat at the same time.

11. China's two special administrative regions are the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the time of recovery is 1997.7.1, the first Chief Executive is Tung Chee-hwa; Macao Special Administrative Region, the time of recovery is 1999.12.20, the first Chief Executive is Ho Hau Wah.

12. China's Loess Land refers to the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain, the Loess Land is China's main crops of winter wheat, cotton, peanuts, the main production areas.

13. The northern part of China is often referred to as the "yellow land" and "black land". The main crops on the "black soil" are spring wheat, corn, soybeans, sorghum, sugar beet.

14. The northwest region of the four major geographic divisions is the widest region in China across the longitude. The natural characteristics of the Tibetan region is high, cold. The livestock known as the "boat of the plateau" is the yak.

15. From the point of view of China's position on the Earth, it is located in the Eastern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere; from the point of view of land and sea position, China is located in the eastern part of Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean.

16. China's land territory covers an area of 9.6 million km2. the three levels of administrative division in China are provinces, counties and townships. The abbreviation for Jiangsu Province is Anhui.

17. The most prominent natural feature of the Northwest China is aridity. The local rivers are scarce and mostly inland. The largest inland river in China is the Tarim River.

18. The largest freshwater lake in China is Poyang Lake. The key to cure the yellow is to cure the sand. The root of treating the yellow is to strengthen soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau area.

19. The largest commercial center in China is Shanghai. The "three treasures" of the Northeast are ginseng, antler velvet and mink. Northwest agriculture is irrigated agriculture, Qinghai-Tibet agriculture belongs to the river valley agriculture. The agriculture in Xinjiang is oasis agriculture.

20. Beijing's city functions as a political and cultural center and a center of international communication. The largest provincial administrative region in China is Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The geographic coordinates of Beijing are 1160E, 400N.

21. The five special economic zones in China are Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen and Hainan. Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet are the main pastoral areas in China.

22. The place called "Sunshine City" in China is Lhasa. The "Treasure Bowl" refers to the Qaidam Basin. The main crops in Qinghai-Tibet are barley, wheat and peas.

23. China's largest coal energy base is Shanxi Province. China's largest coal mine is Datong, Shanxi. The important factor affecting the distribution of China's climate latitude factor.

24. The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world, and their length is 2 400km. China's four major plateaus, the largest plateau is the Tibetan plateau. The city at the intersection of the Longhai Line and the Beijing-Guangzhou Line is Zhengzhou.

25. The largest lake in China is Qinghai Lake. The color of the soil in the Sichuan Basin is purple. China is currently revitalizing the northeast heavy industrial base, the region has China's largest shipbuilding and chemical base is Dalian.

26 The Tropic of Cancer passes through four provinces in the south of China, and the provinces from east to west should be Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan. From Shanghai to Kunming, the east-west railroad lines are connected in turn, the order should be Hu-Hangzhou line - Zhe-Gan line - Xiang-Qian line - Gui-Kun line.

27. The province where the volcano formed Wudalianchi is located is Heilongjiang Province. The Naadam Conference is a grand traditional festival of China's ethnic minorities, which are the Mongols. Among the four major plateaus in China, the second largest and flattest plateau is the Inner Mongolia Plateau.

28 land and China's neighbors, and is the world's largest landlocked country is Kazakhstan. China's scientist known as the " father of the world's hybrid rice " is Yuan Longping. China's lowest average summer temperature is the Qinghai-Tibet region .

29. According to the division of the world's time zones, China *** across five time zones. Each time zone across longitude 150 degrees. China's Chengde Mountain Resort is very smelling important reason is the topographical factors. China's largest integrated industrial base is the Shanghai, Ningxia and Hangzhou area.

30. China's minority Korean people mainly live in the northeast. China's four plateaus, the terrain is "thousands of ravines, fragmented" terrain area is the Loess Plateau.

31. The old poem "When the top is over the top, a view of the mountains" says that China's famous mountain Mount Tai. The "Black Earth" refers to the Northeast Plain of China. The direction of the Taihang Mountains is northeast-southwest.

32. China's largest nickel mine is Gansu Jinchang. The world's largest plateau lake group distribution area is the Tibetan plateau lake group. China's energy mines, the world's first is coal.

33. The Yangtze River's hydroelectric resources are mainly concentrated in the upper reaches of the river. The Three Gorges Hub Project under construction is located in Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges.

34. The provinces and regions through which the Yangtze and Yellow rivers **** together are Qinghai and Sichuan. Precipitation in most parts of China is mainly concentrated in summer.

35. The "Three Norths" mentioned in the "Three Norths" protective forests refer to Northwest China, North China and Northeast China. The most harmful pollutant to marine living resources is oil. The main type of land use in the southern region of China is paddy field, and the type of land use in the northern region is dry field.

36. The main type of climate in the northern region is temperate monsoon climate. The main climate types in the southern region belong to subtropical monsoon climate and tropical monsoon climate. The demarcation line between the pastoral and agricultural areas of China is the 400mm annual equal precipitation line . Lianyungang is both a seaport and the eastern "bridgehead" of the second Asia-Europe Continental Bridge.

37. China founded the first high-tech industrial park area Beijing Zhongguancun. With the lowest price, the largest volume of transportation is characterized by water transport. China's three important international airports are Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou. China's history of the famous "four rice markets" are Wuxi, Wuhu, Jiujiang, Changsha.

38. The railroad line known as "the first line in China" is the Daqin Line. With the characteristics of mobility and flexibility, the mode of transportation from "door to door" is road transportation.

39. The main livestock species in Tibetan pastoral areas are yaks, Tibetan sheep, and Tibetan goats. In Inner Mongolia, the main livestock species are the Sanhe horse and the Sanhe cow. The main livestock species in the pastoral areas of Xinjiang are fine-wool sheep. In Ningxia, it is the beach sheep.

40. The main mode of transportation in China is railroad transportation. The food crops of the Loess Plateau are mainly drought-tolerant sorghum and grain. The tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, China, is mainly formed by the tropical monsoon climate.

41. China's Jiangnan "land of fish and rice" did not form a desert, mainly due to the rain and heat of the monsoon climate. China's northwest ground vegetation from east to west roughly grassland - desert grassland - desert, the main factor causing this difference is moisture.

42. When the sun is directly above the 23.50N latitude line, the following cities (Guangzhou, Harbin, Wuhan, and Beijing) should have longest to shortest daytime in order of Harbin, Beijing, Wuhan, and Guangzhou.

43. China's existing forest land is mainly concentrated in three major regions: northeast, southwest and southeast. China's largest natural forest area is the northeastern forest area. Known as "China's water tower" in the source area of the three rivers "three rivers" refers to the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River. The largest island in China is Taiwan.

44. The two agricultural areas in Qinghai and Tibet are Huangshui Valley and southern Tibetan Valley. The industrial sector of the industrial base centered on Yichang and Chongqing is the electric power and metallurgical industrial base. The industrial belt centered on Wuhan is an important position for steel and light textile industries in China. The steel and coal industrial base centered on Panzhihua and Liupanshui. The industrial belt formed by Shanghai, Ningxia and Hangzhou and other cities is the largest comprehensive industrial base in China.

45. The "West-East Gas Transmission" project, which has attracted world attention, starts in Lunan and ends in Shanghai. From the point of view of the differences in climatic conditions and agricultural production in China, an important geographic demarcation line between the north and the south is the Qinling-Huai River line.

46. The area in China where crops are cooked three times a year is Hainan Province. China's Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs from Hangzhou in the south to Beijing in the north; the section of the canal that is currently navigable is located in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

47. The Iron and Steel Industrial Corridor is the iron and steel industrial bases of Baoshan, Shanghai; Maanshan, Anhui; Wuhan, Hubei; Chongqing; and Panzhihua, Sichuan. The automobile industry corridor is the Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan automobile industry base and Chongqing automobile and motorcycle base.

48. China's apple-producing two peninsulas are Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula. Southern summer heat, and called China's "three hot furnaces" are Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing. Known as the "Land of Heaven" is the Chengdu Plain.

49. Taiwan's resources, the world's largest production of agricultural products is camphor. Transportation is known as the "first officer" of economic development. China's major oilfields include Daqing in Heilongjiang, Liaohe in Liaoning, North China Oilfield in Hebei, Shengli Oilfield in Shandong, Zhongyuan Oilfield between Shandong and Henan, and Karamay Oilfield in Xinjiang.

50 Long-staple cotton is mainly produced in China's Xinjiang. Known as the "shopper's paradise" and the "Pearl of the Orient" tourist attraction is Hong Kong. Macau's major pillar of economic development is the gaming and tourism industry.

52. The postal code 10009, with 10 indicating the first level of administrative division, 00 indicating the next level of administrative division, and 09 indicating the code of the delivery office. The boundary between monsoon and non-monsoon areas is Daxinganling - Yinshan - Helan Mountain.

53. The vegetation in the southern part of China is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the vegetation in the northern part is temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, and the reason for this distribution is the temperature. The tertiary industry is well developed in Hong Kong and Macao.

54. Beijing has a history of 3,000 years and was first called Thistle. The dynasties that have built their capitals in Beijing are Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing. The old city pattern of Beijing was formed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Taiwan has an area of 36,000 square kilometers and a population of more than 22 million.

55. The topography of Beijing shows that it is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It is surrounded by mountains in the west, north and northeast, and the North China Plain Plain (also known as the Huanghuaihai Plain) in the southeast. Beijing has a typical warm-temperate continental monsoon climate, characterized by long winters and summers and short springs and autumns.

56. The pattern of the old city of Beijing is in the shape of a convex character. Before that, the old city area had changed several times, and the natural cause of the change was mainly the water source. The future Beijing will become a modern metropolis.

57. Hong Kong is located on the east side of the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of the motherland, neighboring Shenzhen City in Guangdong Province, while Macau is located on the west side of the Pearl River Estuary, neighboring Zhuhai City in that province.

58. Hong Kong consists of three parts: Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, while Macau consists of the Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island.

59. Hong Kong and Macao are two special administrative regions of China, practicing the capitalist system system, while the mainland of the motherland is practicing the socialist system. The main ways of expanding land area in Hong Kong and Macao are "going uphill" and "going down to the sea".

60. The tertiary industry is very developed in Hong Kong and Macao, and Hong Kong is an international trade center, transportation center, financial center, information service center and tourism center, as well as an international free trade port. Taiwan's terrain is predominantly mountainous, of which the highest peak is Yushan. The nature of economic ties between Hong Kong and the Mainland of China is one of complementarity and mutual benefit.

61. Taiwan Province includes the island of Taiwan, as well as the nearby Penghu Islands, Diaoyu Islands and many other small islands. It is located in the southeastern part of China's mainland and is separated from China's Fujian Province by the Taiwan Strait. Taiwan is rich in forest resources and is known as "Asia's Natural Botanical Garden", with camphor being the most famous species.

62. Taiwan is known as the "Pearl of the Motherland southeast of the sea", in addition to this name, there are "rice warehouse on the sea", "Oriental sweet island, In addition to this nickname, there are "rice warehouse on the sea", "sweet island in the east", "home of fruits", "sea of forests", "salt reservoir in the southeast", "aquatic kingdom", "Treasure Land of Mineral Deposits" and "Home of Camphor".

63. Taiwan focuses on the development of the export processing industry, forming an "import-process-export" type of economy. Taiwan's high-tech industry is represented in the Hsinchu Science Park. The distribution of Taiwan's industries is characterized by the fact that they are mainly located in the western coastal areas.

64. The favorable factors for the development of Taiwan's export-oriented economy include a large number of educated and trained laborers, the island's many ports, the absorption of foreign capital, the construction of export processing zones, and Taiwan's policy of encouraging the development of export processing.

65. The largest desert in China is the Tacolamakan Desert, located in the Tarim Basin. The only outflow river in China that feeds into the Arctic Ocean is the Irtysh River. The longest inland river in China is the Tarim River.

66. The topography of Xinjiang can be summarized by the phrase "three mountains and two basins", in which Xinjiang is characterized by the Tianshan Mountains, which divide the country into north and south, the Junggar Basin in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south.

67. Xinjiang is located in the western border of China, is the largest province in China. The most prominent natural features are scarce precipitation and arid climate. The capital city of the province is Urumqi, located in the Junggar Basin.

68. Xinjiang's agriculture is characterized by oasis agriculture, based on unique light and heat conditions, producing specialty agricultural products such as cotton, sugar beets and a variety of melons and fruits. Xinjiang's red series include tomatoes, pomegranates and wolfberries. The reason for this is the abundant heat and strong light in summer, which is conducive to the coloring of melons and fruits. The reason why melons and fruits are particularly sweet: the temperature difference between day and night is large in summer, which is favorable to the accumulation of sugar in melon and fruit sugar crops. The hot and dry summer climate and stable irrigation water sources make Xinjiang a production base for high-quality cotton in China. Xinjiang is rich in oil and gas resources, with reserves accounting for about 1/3 of the country's total land reserves, so it has become an important energy base in China.

69. Xinjiang has an ancient water conservancy facility, the qan'erjing, which is located in the oasis area and avoids the large amount of evaporation caused by the spontaneous flow of water. The main crops of "oasis agriculture" are wheat, corn and sorghum.

70. Northwest China's surface landscape is manifested in four aspects: ① plateau, basin-dominated terrain, wind erosion is significant. ② surface landscape from east to west performance: grassland - desert grassland - desert vegetation changes. ③Rivers are scarce, mostly endorheic. ④ Farmland, villages, towns and cities are mostly distributed in bands or points along rivers or foothill water sources.

71. (1) The West-to-East Gas Pipeline Project starts and ends at ---- Shanghai, Lunan, Xinjiang. The provincial capitals passing through are Zhengzhou, Nanjing and Shanghai.

(2) The benefits of the West-East Gas Pipeline Project for the east and west:

①It can enable large-scale development of local natural gas resources. ② can make natural gas products delivered to the eastern market in large quantities. ③It can rapidly increase the local financial income. ④ It can drive the development of other related industries and increase employment opportunities. ⑤ It can alleviate the energy shortage problem in the eastern region. ⑥ Natural gas is a clean energy source, which is very useful for the improvement of the environment in the eastern region.

①Significance for the starting point: to develop the oil and gas resources in the western region, to develop the economic construction there, and to transform the resource advantages into economic advantages; ②Role for the end point: to ease the energy supply tension in the eastern region and to improve the energy consumption structure; ③Impact along the route: to drive the development of related industries in the provinces and regions along the route.

72. Northwest China's eastern part is the vast and open Inner Mongolia Plateau; the western part of the majestic mountains and huge inland basins are distributed between each other. Northwest China is the region with the widest east-west longitudinal span in the country.

73. Xinjiang has thousands of oases of various sizes and is a major agricultural base, where the summer heat and light are sufficient, and the temperature difference between day and night is large (climate). Suitable for the growth of a variety of crops. In water-rich oasis areas, people build diversion canals, irrigation canals, kanye wells and other water conservancy facilities, the development of distinctive irrigated agriculture.

74. The key to the development of agriculture in arid areas is: the moderate utilization of water resources and the selection of suitable types of crops.

75. Agricultural development, in addition to technological improvements and enhancements, should also move towards: deep processing of agricultural products, the brand benefits of the grapevine, industrialization of agriculture, and the development of distinctive agriculture. Both economic and ecological benefits should be obtained.

76. (1), the northwest of the river-loop area, Ningxia Plain, Hexi Corridor and the foothills of the Tianshan Mountains: irrigated agriculture (water source: river water, alpine ice and snow melt water).

(2), Yarlung Tsangpo Valley and Huangshui Valley in Qinghai-Tibet: river valley agriculture. (3), Xinjiang: oasis agriculture.

77. The Pearl River Delta region's export-oriented economy emerged in the 1980s, and the favorable conditions for its emergence and development are: a superior geographical location (close to Hong Kong and Macao); convenient transportation by land and sea; many places are famous "overseas Chinese hometowns", which makes it easy to attract a large amount of foreign investment, and at the same time, it has brought in advanced technology, equipment, business management methods and the latest industrial and commercial practices. And the introduction of advanced technology and equipment and business management methods and the latest industrial and commercial science and technology information and the creation of a large number of processing and manufacturing enterprises that require too much labor, such as textile and clothing manufacturing, electronics and communications equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, toy manufacturing, and so on.

78. The cooperation between Hong Kong and Macao and the Pearl River Delta region is based on the basic model of "store in front and factory at the back", in which Hong Kong and Macao play the role of "store" and the Pearl River Delta region plays the role of "factory". Hong Kong and Macao play the role of the "shop" and the Pearl River Delta region plays the role of the "factory", with Hong Kong and Macao in the front and the Pearl River Delta in the back, working closely with each other, and thus being imaginatively referred to as the "store in front and the factory at the back".

79. The development of towns and cities in the Pearl River Delta region is marked by significant changes in land use, mainly due to the prosperity of the externally-oriented economy and the significant adjustment of the industrial structure.

79. Urbanization can promote economic development, improve people's living standards and social progress, but it can also bring about a series of environmental problems (pollution of water sources, deterioration of air quality, piles of garbage, reduction in the area of green space, etc.) and social problems (traffic congestion, vehicular congestion, noise pollution, shortage of housing, etc.).

80. The natural factors causing soil erosion on the Loess Plateau are ① bare and broken ground, the density of gullies and valleys, less flat land, more slopes, the lack of vegetation protection, ② loess structure is loose, porous and upright direction of the fissure; many substances are soluble in water. ③ Precipitation is concentrated in July and August. Man-made factors are people's activities such as reclamation, mining, road building, etc., which loosen the surface.

81. Most of the Loess Plateau has a temperate monsoon climate with hot summers and cold winters, and precipitation is concentrated in the summer and fall. The terrain along the Yangtze River is low and flat, with plains and hills dominating the terrain.

82. Soil erosion on the Loess Plateau takes away the fertile soil on the surface and reduces crop yields; it increases, widens and deepens the gullies. This leads to a reduction in the area of cultivated land; it also delivers a large amount of sediment to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, causing great difficulties in river training and flood control.

83. The three famous buildings in China's history are the Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower and Tengwang Pavilion. The difference in topography between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River is that the upper reaches are mountainous and the middle and lower reaches are plains and hills.

84. The zone along the Yangtze River has a subtropical monsoon climate, with hot summers, mild winters, and four distinct seasons; there is abundant precipitation, with annual precipitation above 1,000mm. Development will remain the first priority in China for a long time to come.

85. The Yangtze River along the strip of non-ferrous minerals and other resources, tungsten mines in Dayu, Jiangxi Province, antimony mines in Lengshuijiang, Hunan Province, lead-zinc mines in Lengshuikoushan, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Dexing, copper mines, iron ore is mainly in: Daye, Hubei Province, Anhui Province, Ma'anshan, Sichuan Province, Panzhihua, coal is mainly produced in: Sichuan Province, Panzhihua, Guizhou Province, Liupanshui, Sichuan Province, Zigong, the natural gas.

86. The city known as the "thoroughfare of nine provinces" is Wuhan. The largest city in China is Shanghai, which is also the largest port in China. The main cities along the Yangtze River are Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai.

86. The Yangtze River as the axis of the river zone and the coastal economic belt through the north and south, as well as the western part of the vast area, constitute the pattern of the letter "H".

87. Located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is the largest port in the country.

88. The world of the 21st century is a world of economic globalization. On the other hand, mankind is faced with problems of population, resources and environment, which need to be solved by all countries in the world **** the same efforts.

89. To achieve sustainable development in a region, it is necessary to make full use of favorable geographic conditions, make reasonable changes to unfavorable geographic conditions, and develop the economy in accordance with local conditions. At the same time, attention should also be paid to strengthening the links between regions, giving full play to their respective advantages, dividing up the work and working together for mutual benefit, so that resources can be fully utilized and complement each other's strengths.

78. The Loess Plateau extends from the Taihang Mountains in the east to the Ussuri Mountains in the west, from the Qinling Mountains in the south to the Great Wall in the low north. It spans Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other provinces and regions.

79. Loess Plateau loess material is formed by wind action. The main landforms of the Loess Plateau are loess plateau, loess mount and loess beam. The Yangtze River Basin and nearby areas with serious acid rain pollution are the Southwest, Central China and East China acid rain areas.

80. China's four major geographic regions: according to the geographical location of each place, the characteristics of natural and human geography, China can be divided into four major geographic regions.

①The division of the southern and northern regions is based on: climatic conditions (the Qinling-Huaihe line).

②Northern and northwestern regions: precipitation (400-millimeter annual equivalent precipitation line).

③ The basis for the division of the Qinghai-Tibet region and the southern, northwestern and northern regions: topographical factors (high altitude).

82. Name two basic national conditions of China: the vastness of the country, regional differences; China is a large developing country with a large population and a low per capita GNP